1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2015 */
6 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
12 /* Functions for accessing Exim's hints database, which consists of a number of
13 different DBM files. This module does not contain code for reading DBM files
14 for (e.g.) alias expansion. That is all contained within the general search
15 functions. As Exim now has support for several DBM interfaces, all the relevant
16 functions are called as macros.
18 All the data in Exim's database is in the nature of *hints*. Therefore it
19 doesn't matter if it gets destroyed by accident. These functions are not
20 supposed to implement a "safe" database.
22 Keys are passed in as C strings, and the terminating zero *is* used when
23 building the dbm files. This just makes life easier when scanning the files
26 Synchronization is required on the database files, and this is achieved by
27 means of locking on independent lock files. (Earlier attempts to lock on the
28 DBM files themselves were never completely successful.) Since callers may in
29 general want to do more than one read or write while holding the lock, there
30 are separate open and close functions. However, the calling modules should
31 arrange to hold the locks for the bare minimum of time. */
35 /*************************************************
36 * Berkeley DB error callback *
37 *************************************************/
39 /* For Berkeley DB >= 2, we can define a function to be called in case of DB
40 errors. This should help with debugging strange DB problems, e.g. getting "File
41 exists" when you try to open a db file. The API for this function was changed
44 #if defined(USE_DB) && defined(DB_VERSION_STRING)
46 #if DB_VERSION_MAJOR > 4 || (DB_VERSION_MAJOR == 4 && DB_VERSION_MINOR >= 3)
47 dbfn_bdb_error_callback(const DB_ENV *dbenv, const char *pfx, const char *msg)
51 dbfn_bdb_error_callback(const char *pfx, char *msg)
55 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "Berkeley DB error: %s", msg);
62 /*************************************************
63 * Open and lock a database file *
64 *************************************************/
66 /* Used for accessing Exim's hints databases.
69 name The single-component name of one of Exim's database files.
70 flags Either O_RDONLY or O_RDWR, indicating the type of open required;
71 O_RDWR implies "create if necessary"
72 dbblock Points to an open_db block to be filled in.
73 lof If TRUE, write to the log for actual open failures (locking failures
76 Returns: NULL if the open failed, or the locking failed. After locking
77 failures, errno is zero.
79 On success, dbblock is returned. This contains the dbm pointer and
80 the fd of the locked lock file.
82 There are some calls that use O_RDWR|O_CREAT for the flags. Having discovered
83 this in December 2005, I'm not sure if this is correct or not, but for the
84 moment I haven't changed them.
88 dbfn_open(uschar *name, int flags, open_db *dbblock, BOOL lof)
91 BOOL read_only = flags == O_RDONLY;
96 /* The first thing to do is to open a separate file on which to lock. This
97 ensures that Exim has exclusive use of the database before it even tries to
98 open it. Early versions tried to lock on the open database itself, but that
99 gave rise to mysterious problems from time to time - it was suspected that some
100 DB libraries "do things" on their open() calls which break the interlocking.
101 The lock file is never written to, but we open it for writing so we can get a
102 write lock if required. If it does not exist, we create it. This is done
103 separately so we know when we have done it, because when running as root we
104 need to change the ownership - see the bottom of this function. We also try to
105 make the directory as well, just in case. We won't be doing this many times
106 unnecessarily, because usually the lock file will be there. If the directory
107 exists, there is no error. */
109 sprintf(CS buffer, "%s/db/%s.lockfile", spool_directory, name);
111 if ((dbblock->lockfd = Uopen(buffer, O_RDWR, EXIMDB_LOCKFILE_MODE)) < 0)
114 (void)directory_make(spool_directory, US"db", EXIMDB_DIRECTORY_MODE, TRUE);
115 dbblock->lockfd = Uopen(buffer, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, EXIMDB_LOCKFILE_MODE);
118 if (dbblock->lockfd < 0)
120 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "%s",
121 string_open_failed(errno, "database lock file %s", buffer));
122 errno = 0; /* Indicates locking failure */
126 /* Now we must get a lock on the opened lock file; do this with a blocking
127 lock that times out. */
129 lock_data.l_type = read_only? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK;
130 lock_data.l_whence = lock_data.l_start = lock_data.l_len = 0;
132 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup|D_retry|D_route|D_deliver)
133 debug_printf("locking %s\n", buffer);
135 sigalrm_seen = FALSE;
136 alarm(EXIMDB_LOCK_TIMEOUT);
137 rc = fcntl(dbblock->lockfd, F_SETLKW, &lock_data);
140 if (sigalrm_seen) errno = ETIMEDOUT;
143 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC, "Failed to get %s lock for %s: %s",
144 read_only? "read" : "write", buffer,
145 (errno == ETIMEDOUT)? "timed out" : strerror(errno));
146 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
147 errno = 0; /* Indicates locking failure */
151 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("locked %s\n", buffer);
153 /* At this point we have an opened and locked separate lock file, that is,
154 exclusive access to the database, so we can go ahead and open it. If we are
155 expected to create it, don't do so at first, again so that we can detect
156 whether we need to change its ownership (see comments about the lock file
157 above.) There have been regular reports of crashes while opening hints
158 databases - often this is caused by non-matching db.h and the library. To make
159 it easy to pin this down, there are now debug statements on either side of the
162 sprintf(CS buffer, "%s/db/%s", spool_directory, name);
163 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("EXIM_DBOPEN(%s)\n", buffer);
164 EXIM_DBOPEN(buffer, flags, EXIMDB_MODE, &(dbblock->dbptr));
165 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("returned from EXIM_DBOPEN\n");
167 if (dbblock->dbptr == NULL && errno == ENOENT && flags == O_RDWR)
169 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
170 debug_printf("%s appears not to exist: trying to create\n", buffer);
172 EXIM_DBOPEN(buffer, flags|O_CREAT, EXIMDB_MODE, &(dbblock->dbptr));
173 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("returned from EXIM_DBOPEN\n");
178 /* If we are running as root and this is the first access to the database, its
179 files will be owned by root. We want them to be owned by exim. We detect this
180 situation by noting above when we had to create the lock file or the database
181 itself. Because the different dbm libraries use different extensions for their
182 files, I don't know of any easier way of arranging this than scanning the
183 directory for files with the appropriate base name. At least this deals with
184 the lock file at the same time. Also, the directory will typically have only
185 half a dozen files, so the scan will be quick.
187 This code is placed here, before the test for successful opening, because there
188 was a case when a file was created, but the DBM library still returned NULL
189 because of some problem. It also sorts out the lock file if that was created
190 but creation of the database file failed. */
192 if (created && geteuid() == root_uid)
196 uschar *lastname = Ustrrchr(buffer, '/') + 1;
197 int namelen = Ustrlen(name);
200 dd = opendir(CS buffer);
202 while ((ent = readdir(dd)) != NULL)
204 if (Ustrncmp(ent->d_name, name, namelen) == 0)
207 Ustrcpy(lastname, ent->d_name);
208 if (Ustat(buffer, &statbuf) >= 0 && statbuf.st_uid != exim_uid)
210 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("ensuring %s is owned by exim\n", buffer);
211 if (Uchown(buffer, exim_uid, exim_gid))
212 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("failed setting %s to owned by exim\n", buffer);
220 /* If the open has failed, return NULL, leaving errno set. If lof is TRUE,
221 log the event - also for debugging - but not if the file just doesn't exist. */
223 if (dbblock->dbptr == NULL)
225 if (save_errno != ENOENT)
228 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "%s", string_open_failed(save_errno, "DB file %s",
231 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
232 debug_printf("%s", CS string_open_failed(save_errno, "DB file %s\n",
235 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
240 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
241 debug_printf("opened hints database %s: flags=%s\n", buffer,
242 (flags == O_RDONLY)? "O_RDONLY" : (flags == O_RDWR)? "O_RDWR" :
243 (flags == (O_RDWR|O_CREAT))? "O_RDWR|O_CREAT" : "??");
245 /* Pass back the block containing the opened database handle and the open fd
254 /*************************************************
255 * Unlock and close a database file *
256 *************************************************/
258 /* Closing a file automatically unlocks it, so after closing the database, just
261 Argument: a pointer to an open database block
266 dbfn_close(open_db *dbblock)
268 EXIM_DBCLOSE(dbblock->dbptr);
269 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
275 /*************************************************
276 * Read from database file *
277 *************************************************/
279 /* Passing back the pointer unchanged is useless, because there is
280 no guarantee of alignment. Since all the records used by Exim need
281 to be properly aligned to pick out the timestamps, etc., we might as
282 well do the copying centrally here.
284 Most calls don't need the length, so there is a macro called dbfn_read which
285 has two arguments; it calls this function adding NULL as the third.
288 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
289 key the key of the record to be read
290 length a pointer to an int into which to return the length, if not NULL
292 Returns: a pointer to the retrieved record, or
293 NULL if the record is not found
297 dbfn_read_with_length(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key, int *length)
300 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, result_datum;
301 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
302 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen);
304 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
306 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("dbfn_read: key=%s\n", key);
308 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
309 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(result_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
310 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
311 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
313 if (!EXIM_DBGET(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, result_datum)) return NULL;
315 yield = store_get(EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum));
316 memcpy(yield, EXIM_DATUM_DATA(result_datum), EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum));
317 if (length != NULL) *length = EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum);
319 EXIM_DATUM_FREE(result_datum); /* Some DBM libs require freeing */
325 /*************************************************
326 * Write to database file *
327 *************************************************/
331 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
332 key the key of the record to be written
333 ptr a pointer to the record to be written
334 length the length of the record to be written
336 Returns: the yield of the underlying dbm or db "write" function. If this
337 is dbm, the value is zero for OK.
341 dbfn_write(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key, void *ptr, int length)
343 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, value_datum;
344 dbdata_generic *gptr = (dbdata_generic *)ptr;
345 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
346 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen);
348 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
349 gptr->time_stamp = time(NULL);
351 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf("dbfn_write: key=%s\n", key);
353 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
354 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(value_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
355 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
356 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
357 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(value_datum) = CS ptr;
358 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(value_datum) = length;
359 return EXIM_DBPUT(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, value_datum);
364 /*************************************************
365 * Delete record from database file *
366 *************************************************/
370 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
371 key the key of the record to be deleted
373 Returns: the yield of the underlying dbm or db "delete" function.
377 dbfn_delete(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key)
379 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
380 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen);
382 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
383 EXIM_DATUM key_datum;
384 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require clearing */
385 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
386 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
387 return EXIM_DBDEL(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum);
392 /*************************************************
393 * Scan the keys of a database file *
394 *************************************************/
398 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
399 start TRUE if starting a new scan
400 FALSE if continuing with the current scan
401 cursor a pointer to a pointer to a cursor anchor, for those dbm libraries
402 that use the notion of a cursor
404 Returns: the next record from the file, or
405 NULL if there are no more
409 dbfn_scan(open_db *dbblock, BOOL start, EXIM_CURSOR **cursor)
411 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, value_datum;
413 value_datum = value_datum; /* dummy; not all db libraries use this */
415 /* Some dbm require an initialization */
417 if (start) EXIM_DBCREATE_CURSOR(dbblock->dbptr, cursor);
419 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
420 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(value_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
422 yield = (EXIM_DBSCAN(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, value_datum, start, *cursor))?
423 US EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) : NULL;
425 /* Some dbm require a termination */
427 if (!yield) EXIM_DBDELETE_CURSOR(*cursor);
433 /*************************************************
434 **************************************************
435 * Stand-alone test program *
436 **************************************************
437 *************************************************/
442 main(int argc, char **cargv)
445 int max_db = sizeof(dbblock)/sizeof(open_db);
449 dbdata_wait *dbwait = NULL;
450 uschar **argv = USS cargv;
452 uschar structbuffer[1024];
456 printf("Usage: test_dbfn directory\n");
457 printf("The subdirectory called \"db\" in the given directory is used for\n");
458 printf("the files used in this test program.\n");
464 spool_directory = argv[1];
465 debug_selector = D_all - D_memory;
467 big_buffer = malloc(big_buffer_size);
469 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++) dbblock[i].dbptr = NULL;
471 printf("\nExim's db functions tester: interface type is %s\n", EXIM_DBTYPE);
472 printf("DBM library: ");
474 #ifdef DB_VERSION_STRING
475 printf("Berkeley DB: %s\n", DB_VERSION_STRING);
476 #elif defined(BTREEVERSION) && defined(HASHVERSION)
478 printf("probably Berkeley DB version 1.8x (native mode)\n");
480 printf("probably Berkeley DB version 1.8x (compatibility mode)\n");
482 #elif defined(_DBM_RDONLY) || defined(dbm_dirfno)
483 printf("probably ndbm\n");
484 #elif defined(USE_TDB)
485 printf("using tdb\n");
488 printf("probably GDBM (native mode)\n");
490 printf("probably GDBM (compatibility mode)\n");
494 /* Test the functions */
496 printf("\nTest the functions\n> ");
498 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
500 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
504 uschar *cmd = buffer;
505 while (len > 0 && isspace((uschar)buffer[len-1])) len--;
508 if (isdigit((uschar)*cmd))
511 while (isdigit((uschar)*cmd)) cmd++;
512 while (isspace((uschar)*cmd)) cmd++;
515 if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "open", 4) == 0)
520 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
522 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++)
523 if (dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) break;
527 printf("Too many open databases\n> ");
532 odb = dbfn_open(s, O_RDWR, dbblock + i, TRUE);
538 printf("opened %d\n", current);
540 /* Other error cases will have written messages */
541 else if (errno == ENOENT)
543 printf("open failed: %s%s\n", strerror(errno),
545 " (or other Berkeley DB error)"
553 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "write", 5) == 0)
556 uschar *key = cmd + 5;
561 printf("No current database\n");
565 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
567 while (*data != 0 && !isspace((uschar)*data)) data++;
569 while (isspace((uschar)*data)) data++;
571 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)(&structbuffer);
572 Ustrcpy(dbwait->text, data);
576 rc = dbfn_write(dbblock + current, key, dbwait,
577 Ustrlen(data) + sizeof(dbdata_wait));
579 if (rc != 0) printf("Failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
582 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0)
584 uschar *key = cmd + 4;
587 printf("No current database\n");
590 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
593 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)dbfn_read_with_length(dbblock+ current, key, NULL);
595 printf("%s\n", (dbwait == NULL)? "<not found>" : CS dbwait->text);
598 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "delete", 6) == 0)
600 uschar *key = cmd + 6;
603 printf("No current database\n");
606 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
607 dbfn_delete(dbblock + current, key);
610 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "scan", 4) == 0)
613 BOOL startflag = TRUE;
615 uschar keybuffer[256];
618 printf("No current database\n");
622 while ((key = dbfn_scan(dbblock + current, startflag, &cursor)) != NULL)
625 Ustrcpy(keybuffer, key);
626 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)dbfn_read_with_length(dbblock + current,
628 printf("%s: %s\n", keybuffer, dbwait->text);
631 printf("End of scan\n");
634 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "close", 5) == 0)
637 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
639 if (i >= max_db || dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) printf("Not open\n"); else
642 dbfn_close(dbblock + i);
644 dbblock[i].dbptr = NULL;
645 if (i == current) current = -1;
649 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "file", 4) == 0)
652 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
654 if (i >= max_db || dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) printf("Not open\n");
658 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "time", 4) == 0)
660 showtime = ~showtime;
661 printf("Timing %s\n", showtime? "on" : "off");
664 else if (Ustrcmp(cmd, "q") == 0 || Ustrncmp(cmd, "quit", 4) == 0) break;
666 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "help", 4) == 0)
668 printf("close [<number>] close file [<number>]\n");
669 printf("delete <key> remove record from current file\n");
670 printf("file <number> make file <number> current\n");
671 printf("open <name> open db file\n");
672 printf("q[uit] exit program\n");
673 printf("read <key> read record from current file\n");
674 printf("scan scan current file\n");
675 printf("time time display on/off\n");
676 printf("write <key> <rest-of-line> write record to current file\n");
679 else printf("Eh?\n");
681 if (showtime && stop >= start)
682 printf("start=%d stop=%d difference=%d\n", (int)start, (int)stop,
683 (int)(stop - start));
688 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++)
690 if (dbblock[i].dbptr != NULL)
692 printf("\nClosing %d", i);
693 dbfn_close(dbblock + i);