1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2018 */
6 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
8 /* A number of functions for driving outgoing SMTP calls. */
12 #include "transports/smtp.h"
16 /*************************************************
17 * Find an outgoing interface *
18 *************************************************/
20 /* This function is called from the smtp transport and also from the callout
21 code in verify.c. Its job is to expand a string to get a list of interfaces,
22 and choose a suitable one (IPv4 or IPv6) for the outgoing address.
25 istring string interface setting, may be NULL, meaning "any", in
26 which case the function does nothing
27 host_af AF_INET or AF_INET6 for the outgoing IP address
28 addr the mail address being handled (for setting errors)
29 interface point this to the interface
30 msg to add to any error message
32 Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure, with error message
33 set in addr and transport_return set to PANIC
37 smtp_get_interface(uschar *istring, int host_af, address_item *addr,
38 uschar **interface, uschar *msg)
40 const uschar * expint;
44 if (!istring) return TRUE;
46 if (!(expint = expand_string(istring)))
48 if (f.expand_string_forcedfail) return TRUE;
49 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
50 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"interface\" "
51 "option for %s: %s", msg, expand_string_message);
55 if (is_tainted(expint))
57 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC,
58 "attempt to use tainted value '%s' from '%s' for interface",
60 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
61 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"interface\" "
62 "option for %s: configuration error", msg);
66 while (isspace(*expint)) expint++;
67 if (*expint == 0) return TRUE;
69 while ((iface = string_nextinlist(&expint, &sep, big_buffer,
72 if (string_is_ip_address(iface, NULL) == 0)
74 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
75 addr->message = string_sprintf("\"%s\" is not a valid IP "
76 "address for the \"interface\" option for %s",
81 if (((Ustrchr(iface, ':') == NULL)? AF_INET:AF_INET6) == host_af)
85 if (iface) *interface = string_copy(iface);
91 /*************************************************
92 * Find an outgoing port *
93 *************************************************/
95 /* This function is called from the smtp transport and also from the callout
96 code in verify.c. Its job is to find a port number. Note that getservbyname()
97 produces the number in network byte order.
100 rstring raw (unexpanded) string representation of the port
101 addr the mail address being handled (for setting errors)
102 port stick the port in here
103 msg for adding to error message
105 Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure, with error message set
106 in addr, and transport_return set to PANIC
110 smtp_get_port(uschar *rstring, address_item *addr, int *port, uschar *msg)
112 uschar *pstring = expand_string(rstring);
116 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
117 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"%s\" (\"port\" option) "
118 "for %s: %s", rstring, msg, expand_string_message);
122 if (isdigit(*pstring))
125 *port = Ustrtol(pstring, &end, 0);
126 if (end != pstring + Ustrlen(pstring))
128 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
129 addr->message = string_sprintf("invalid port number for %s: %s", msg,
137 struct servent *smtp_service = getservbyname(CS pstring, "tcp");
140 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
141 addr->message = string_sprintf("TCP port \"%s\" is not defined for %s",
145 *port = ntohs(smtp_service->s_port);
156 tfo_out_check(int sock)
158 # if defined(TCP_INFO) && defined(EXIM_HAVE_TCPI_UNACKED)
159 struct tcp_info tinfo;
160 socklen_t len = sizeof(tinfo);
162 switch (tcp_out_fastopen)
164 /* This is a somewhat dubious detection method; totally undocumented so likely
165 to fail in future kernels. There seems to be no documented way. What we really
166 want to know is if the server sent smtp-banner data before our ACK of his SYN,ACK
167 hit him. What this (possibly?) detects is whether we sent a TFO cookie with our
168 SYN, as distinct from a TFO request. This gets a false-positive when the server
169 key is rotated; we send the old one (which this test sees) but the server returns
170 the new one and does not send its SMTP banner before we ACK his SYN,ACK.
171 To force that rotation case:
172 '# echo -n "00000000-00000000-00000000-0000000" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fastopen_key'
173 The kernel seems to be counting unack'd packets. */
175 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_NODATA:
176 if ( getsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tinfo, &len) == 0
177 && tinfo.tcpi_state == TCP_SYN_SENT
178 && tinfo.tcpi_unacked > 1
181 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v)
182 debug_printf("TCP_FASTOPEN tcpi_unacked %d\n", tinfo.tcpi_unacked);
183 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_NODATA;
187 /* When called after waiting for received data we should be able
188 to tell if data we sent was accepted. */
190 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_DATA:
191 if ( getsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tinfo, &len) == 0
192 && tinfo.tcpi_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED
194 if (tinfo.tcpi_options & TCPI_OPT_SYN_DATA)
196 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v) debug_printf("TFO: data was acked\n");
197 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_DATA;
201 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v) debug_printf("TFO: had to retransmit\n");
202 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_NOT_USED;
206 default: break; /* compiler quietening */
213 /* Arguments as for smtp_connect(), plus
214 early_data if non-NULL, idenmpotent data to be sent -
215 preferably in the TCP SYN segment
217 Returns: connected socket number, or -1 with errno set
221 smtp_sock_connect(host_item * host, int host_af, int port, uschar * interface,
222 transport_instance * tb, int timeout, const blob * early_data)
224 smtp_transport_options_block * ob =
225 (smtp_transport_options_block *)tb->options_block;
226 const uschar * dscp = ob->dscp;
232 const blob * fastopen_blob = NULL;
235 #ifndef DISABLE_EVENT
236 deliver_host_address = host->address;
237 deliver_host_port = port;
238 if (event_raise(tb->event_action, US"tcp:connect", NULL)) return -1;
241 if ((sock = ip_socket(SOCK_STREAM, host_af)) < 0) return -1;
243 /* Set TCP_NODELAY; Exim does its own buffering. */
245 if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, US &on, sizeof(on)))
246 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
247 debug_printf_indent("failed to set NODELAY: %s ", strerror(errno));
249 /* Set DSCP value, if we can. For now, if we fail to set the value, we don't
250 bomb out, just log it and continue in default traffic class. */
252 if (dscp && dscp_lookup(dscp, host_af, &dscp_level, &dscp_option, &dscp_value))
254 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
255 debug_printf_indent("DSCP \"%s\"=%x ", dscp, dscp_value);
256 if (setsockopt(sock, dscp_level, dscp_option, &dscp_value, sizeof(dscp_value)) < 0)
257 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
258 debug_printf_indent("failed to set DSCP: %s ", strerror(errno));
259 /* If the kernel supports IPv4 and IPv6 on an IPv6 socket, we need to set the
260 option for both; ignore failures here */
261 if (host_af == AF_INET6 &&
262 dscp_lookup(dscp, AF_INET, &dscp_level, &dscp_option, &dscp_value))
263 (void) setsockopt(sock, dscp_level, dscp_option, &dscp_value, sizeof(dscp_value));
266 /* Bind to a specific interface if requested. Caller must ensure the interface
267 is the same type (IPv4 or IPv6) as the outgoing address. */
269 if (interface && ip_bind(sock, host_af, interface, 0) < 0)
272 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
273 debug_printf_indent("unable to bind outgoing SMTP call to %s: %s", interface,
277 /* Connect to the remote host, and add keepalive to the socket before returning
278 it, if requested. If the build supports TFO, request it - and if the caller
279 requested some early-data then include that in the TFO request. If there is
280 early-data but no TFO support, send it after connecting. */
285 if (verify_check_given_host(CUSS &ob->hosts_try_fastopen, host) == OK)
286 fastopen_blob = early_data ? early_data : &tcp_fastopen_nodata;
289 if (ip_connect(sock, host_af, host->address, port, timeout, fastopen_blob) < 0)
291 else if (early_data && !fastopen_blob && early_data->data && early_data->len)
293 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
294 debug_printf("sending %ld nonTFO early-data\n", (long)early_data->len);
297 (void) setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUICKACK, US &off, sizeof(off));
299 if (send(sock, early_data->data, early_data->len, 0) < 0)
304 /* Either bind() or connect() failed */
308 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
310 debug_printf_indent(" failed: %s", CUstrerror(save_errno));
311 if (save_errno == ETIMEDOUT)
312 debug_printf(" (timeout=%s)", readconf_printtime(timeout));
320 /* Both bind() and connect() succeeded, and any early-data */
324 union sockaddr_46 interface_sock;
325 EXIM_SOCKLEN_T size = sizeof(interface_sock);
327 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v) debug_printf_indent(" connected\n");
328 if (getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)(&interface_sock), &size) == 0)
329 sending_ip_address = host_ntoa(-1, &interface_sock, NULL, &sending_port);
332 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN | ((errno == ECONNRESET)? 0 : LOG_PANIC),
333 "getsockname() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
338 if (ob->keepalive) ip_keepalive(sock, host->address, TRUE);
351 smtp_port_for_connect(host_item * host, int port)
353 if (host->port != PORT_NONE)
355 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
356 debug_printf_indent("Transport port=%d replaced by host-specific port=%d\n", port,
360 else host->port = port; /* Set the port actually used */
364 /*************************************************
365 * Connect to remote host *
366 *************************************************/
368 /* Create a socket, and connect it to a remote host. IPv6 addresses are
369 detected by checking for a colon in the address. AF_INET6 is defined even on
370 non-IPv6 systems, to enable the code to be less messy. However, on such systems
371 host->address will always be an IPv4 address.
374 sc details for making connection: host, af, interface, transport
375 early_data if non-NULL, data to be sent - preferably in the TCP SYN segment
377 Returns: connected socket number, or -1 with errno set
381 smtp_connect(smtp_connect_args * sc, const blob * early_data)
383 int port = sc->host->port;
384 smtp_transport_options_block * ob = sc->ob;
386 callout_address = string_sprintf("[%s]:%d", sc->host->address, port);
388 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
391 if (sc->interface) s = string_sprintf(" from %s ", sc->interface);
393 if (ob->socks_proxy) s = string_sprintf("%svia proxy ", s);
395 debug_printf_indent("Connecting to %s %s%s... ", sc->host->name, callout_address, s);
398 /* Create and connect the socket */
403 int sock = socks_sock_connect(sc->host, sc->host_af, port, sc->interface,
404 sc->tblock, ob->connect_timeout);
408 if (early_data && early_data->data && early_data->len)
409 if (send(sock, early_data->data, early_data->len, 0) < 0)
411 int save_errno = errno;
412 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
414 debug_printf_indent("failed: %s", CUstrerror(save_errno));
415 if (save_errno == ETIMEDOUT)
416 debug_printf(" (timeout=%s)", readconf_printtime(ob->connect_timeout));
428 return smtp_sock_connect(sc->host, sc->host_af, port, sc->interface,
429 sc->tblock, ob->connect_timeout, early_data);
433 /*************************************************
434 * Flush outgoing command buffer *
435 *************************************************/
437 /* This function is called only from smtp_write_command() below. It flushes
438 the buffer of outgoing commands. There is more than one in the buffer only when
442 outblock the SMTP output block
443 mode further data expected, or plain
445 Returns: TRUE if OK, FALSE on error, with errno set
449 flush_buffer(smtp_outblock * outblock, int mode)
452 int n = outblock->ptr - outblock->buffer;
453 BOOL more = mode == SCMD_MORE;
455 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("cmd buf flush %d bytes%s\n", n,
456 more ? " (more expected)" : "");
459 if (outblock->cctx->tls_ctx)
460 rc = tls_write(outblock->cctx->tls_ctx, outblock->buffer, n, more);
465 if (outblock->conn_args)
467 blob early_data = { .data = outblock->buffer, .len = n };
469 /* We ignore the more-flag if we're doing a connect with early-data, which
470 means we won't get BDAT+data. A pity, but wise due to the idempotency
471 requirement: TFO with data can, in rare cases, replay the data to the
474 if ( (outblock->cctx->sock = smtp_connect(outblock->conn_args, &early_data))
477 outblock->conn_args = NULL;
482 rc = send(outblock->cctx->sock, outblock->buffer, n,
493 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("send failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
497 outblock->ptr = outblock->buffer;
498 outblock->cmd_count = 0;
504 /*************************************************
505 * Write SMTP command *
506 *************************************************/
508 /* The formatted command is left in big_buffer so that it can be reflected in
512 sx SMTP connection, contains buffer for pipelining, and socket
513 mode buffer, write-with-more-likely, write
514 format a format, starting with one of
515 of HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, ".", or QUIT.
516 If NULL, flush pipeline buffer only.
517 ... data for the format
519 Returns: 0 if command added to pipelining buffer, with nothing transmitted
520 +n if n commands transmitted (may still have buffered the new one)
521 -1 on error, with errno set
525 smtp_write_command(void * sx, int mode, const char *format, ...)
527 smtp_outblock * outblock = &((smtp_context *)sx)->outblock;
532 gstring gs = { .size = big_buffer_size, .ptr = 0, .s = big_buffer };
535 /* Use taint-unchecked routines for writing into big_buffer, trusting that
536 we'll never expand the results. Actually, the error-message use - leaving
537 the results in big_buffer for potential later use - is uncomfortably distant.
538 XXX Would be better to assume all smtp commands are short, use normal pool
539 alloc rather than big_buffer, and another global for the data-for-error. */
541 va_start(ap, format);
542 if (!string_vformat(&gs, SVFMT_TAINT_NOCHK, CS format, ap))
543 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "overlong write_command in outgoing "
546 string_from_gstring(&gs);
548 if (gs.ptr > outblock->buffersize)
549 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "overlong write_command in outgoing "
552 if (gs.ptr > outblock->buffersize - (outblock->ptr - outblock->buffer))
554 rc = outblock->cmd_count; /* flush resets */
555 if (!flush_buffer(outblock, SCMD_FLUSH)) return -1;
558 Ustrncpy(outblock->ptr, gs.s, gs.ptr);
559 outblock->ptr += gs.ptr;
560 outblock->cmd_count++;
561 gs.ptr -= 2; string_from_gstring(&gs); /* remove \r\n for error message */
563 /* We want to hide the actual data sent in AUTH transactions from reflections
564 and logs. While authenticating, a flag is set in the outblock to enable this.
565 The AUTH command itself gets any data flattened. Other lines are flattened
568 if (outblock->authenticating)
570 uschar *p = big_buffer;
571 if (Ustrncmp(big_buffer, "AUTH ", 5) == 0)
574 while (isspace(*p)) p++;
575 while (!isspace(*p)) p++;
576 while (isspace(*p)) p++;
578 while (*p != 0) *p++ = '*';
581 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v) debug_printf_indent(" SMTP>> %s\n", big_buffer);
584 if (mode != SCMD_BUFFER)
586 rc += outblock->cmd_count; /* flush resets */
587 if (!flush_buffer(outblock, mode)) return -1;
595 /*************************************************
596 * Read one line of SMTP response *
597 *************************************************/
599 /* This function reads one line of SMTP response from the server host. This may
600 not be a complete response - it could be just part of a multiline response. We
601 have to use a buffer for incoming packets, because when pipelining or using
602 LMTP, there may well be more than one response in a single packet. This
603 function is called only from the one that follows.
606 inblock the SMTP input block (contains holding buffer, socket, etc.)
607 buffer where to put the line
608 size space available for the line
609 timelimit deadline for reading the lime, seconds past epoch
611 Returns: length of a line that has been put in the buffer
612 -1 otherwise, with errno set
616 read_response_line(smtp_inblock *inblock, uschar *buffer, int size, time_t timelimit)
619 uschar *ptr = inblock->ptr;
620 uschar *ptrend = inblock->ptrend;
621 client_conn_ctx * cctx = inblock->cctx;
623 /* Loop for reading multiple packets or reading another packet after emptying
624 a previously-read one. */
630 /* If there is data in the input buffer left over from last time, copy
631 characters from it until the end of a line, at which point we can return,
632 having removed any whitespace (which will include CR) at the end of the line.
633 The rules for SMTP say that lines end in CRLF, but there are have been cases
634 of hosts using just LF, and other MTAs are reported to handle this, so we
635 just look for LF. If we run out of characters before the end of a line,
636 carry on to read the next incoming packet. */
643 while (p > buffer && isspace(p[-1])) p--;
651 *p = 0; /* Leave malformed line for error message */
652 errno = ERRNO_SMTPFORMAT;
657 /* Need to read a new input packet. */
659 if((rc = ip_recv(cctx, inblock->buffer, inblock->buffersize, timelimit)) <= 0)
661 DEBUG(D_deliver|D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
662 debug_printf_indent(errno ? " SMTP(%s)<<\n" : " SMTP(closed)<<\n",
667 /* Another block of data has been successfully read. Set up the pointers
668 and let the loop continue. */
670 ptrend = inblock->ptrend = inblock->buffer + rc;
671 ptr = inblock->buffer;
672 DEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("read response data: size=%d\n", rc);
675 /* Get here if there has been some kind of recv() error; errno is set, but we
676 ensure that the result buffer is empty before returning. */
686 /*************************************************
687 * Read SMTP response *
688 *************************************************/
690 /* This function reads an SMTP response with a timeout, and returns the
691 response in the given buffer, as a string. A multiline response will contain
692 newline characters between the lines. The function also analyzes the first
693 digit of the reply code and returns FALSE if it is not acceptable. FALSE is
694 also returned after a reading error. In this case buffer[0] will be zero, and
695 the error code will be in errno.
698 sx the SMTP connection (contains input block with holding buffer,
700 buffer where to put the response
701 size the size of the buffer
702 okdigit the expected first digit of the response
703 timeout the timeout to use, in seconds
705 Returns: TRUE if a valid, non-error response was received; else FALSE
707 /*XXX could move to smtp transport; no other users */
710 smtp_read_response(void * sx0, uschar * buffer, int size, int okdigit,
713 smtp_context * sx = sx0;
714 uschar * ptr = buffer;
716 time_t timelimit = time(NULL) + timeout;
718 errno = 0; /* Ensure errno starts out zero */
720 #ifdef SUPPORT_PIPE_CONNECT
721 if (sx->pending_BANNER || sx->pending_EHLO)
724 if ((rc = smtp_reap_early_pipe(sx, &count)) != OK)
726 DEBUG(D_transport) debug_printf("failed reaping pipelined cmd responsess\n");
728 if (rc == DEFER) errno = ERRNO_TLSFAILURE;
734 /* This is a loop to read and concatenate the lines that make up a multi-line
739 if ((count = read_response_line(&sx->inblock, ptr, size, timelimit)) < 0)
742 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
743 debug_printf_indent(" %s %s\n", ptr == buffer ? "SMTP<<" : " ", ptr);
745 /* Check the format of the response: it must start with three digits; if
746 these are followed by a space or end of line, the response is complete. If
747 they are followed by '-' this is a multi-line response and we must look for
748 another line until the final line is reached. The only use made of multi-line
749 responses is to pass them back as error messages. We therefore just
750 concatenate them all within the buffer, which should be large enough to
751 accept any reasonable number of lines. */
757 (ptr[3] != '-' && ptr[3] != ' ' && ptr[3] != 0))
759 errno = ERRNO_SMTPFORMAT; /* format error */
763 /* If the line we have just read is a terminal line, line, we are done.
764 Otherwise more data has to be read. */
766 if (ptr[3] != '-') break;
768 /* Move the reading pointer upwards in the buffer and insert \n between the
769 components of a multiline response. Space is left for this by read_response_
778 tfo_out_check(sx->cctx.sock);
781 /* Return a value that depends on the SMTP return code. On some systems a
782 non-zero value of errno has been seen at this point, so ensure it is zero,
783 because the caller of this function looks at errno when FALSE is returned, to
784 distinguish between an unexpected return code and other errors such as
785 timeouts, lost connections, etc. */
788 return buffer[0] == okdigit;
791 /* End of smtp_out.c */