1 $Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/README.SIEVE,v 1.7 2005/08/30 10:55:52 ph10 Exp $
3 Notes on the Sieve implementation for Exim
5 Exim Filter Versus Sieve Filter
7 Exim supports two incompatible filters: The traditional Exim filter and
8 the Sieve filter. Since Sieve is a extensible language, it is important
9 to understand "Sieve" in this context as "the specific implementation
12 The Exim filter contains more features, such as variable expansion, and
13 better integration with the host environment, like external processes
16 Sieve is a standard for interoperable filters, defined in RFC 3028,
17 with multiple implementations around. If interoperability is important,
18 then there is no way around it.
23 The Exim Sieve implementation offers the core as defined by draft
24 3028bis-4 (next version of RFC 3028 that fixes specification mistakes),
25 the "envelope" (3028bis), the "fileinto" (3028bis), the "copy" (RFC 3894)
26 and the "vacation" (draft-ietf-sieve-vacation-02.txt) extension, the
27 "i;ascii-numeric" comparator (RFC 2244).
29 The Sieve filter is integrated in Exim and works very similar to the
30 Exim filter: Sieve scripts are recognized by the first line containing
31 "# sieve filter". When using "keep" or "fileinto" to save a mail into a
32 folder, the resulting string is available as the variable $address_file
33 in the transport that stores it. The following routers and transport
34 show a typical use of Sieve:
40 domains = +localdomains
41 local_part_suffix = "-*"
42 local_part_suffix_optional
44 require_files = $home/.forward
49 domains = +localdomains
50 local_part_suffix = "-*"
51 local_part_suffix_optional
52 sieve_subaddress = "${sg{$local_part_suffix}{^-}{}}"
53 sieve_useraddress = "$local_part"
55 require_files = $home/.forward
59 file_transport = localuser
60 reply_transport = vacation
61 sieve_vacation_directory = $home/mail/vacation
68 file = ${if eq{$address_file}{inbox} \
69 {/var/mail/$local_part} \
70 {${if eq{${substr_0_1:$address_file}}{/} \
72 {$home/mail/$address_file} \
83 Absolute files are stored where specified, relative files are stored
84 relative to $home/mail and "inbox" goes to the standard mailbox location.
85 To enable "vacation", sieve_vacation_directory is set to the directory
86 where vacation databases are held (don't put anything else in that
87 directory) and point reply_transport to an autoreply transport.
88 Setting the Sieve useraddress and subaddress allows to use the subaddress
94 Exim requires the first line to be "# sieve filter". Of course the RFC
95 does not enforce that line. Don't expect examples to work without adding
98 RFC 3028 requires using CRLF to terminate the end of a line.
99 The rationale was that CRLF is universally used in network protocols
100 to mark the end of the line. This implementation does not embed Sieve
101 in a network protocol, but uses Sieve scripts as part of the Exim MTA.
102 Since all parts of Exim use \n as newline character, this implementation
103 does, too. You can change this by defining the macro RFC_EOL at compile
104 time to enforce CRLF being used.
106 Sieve scripts can not contain NUL characters in strings, but mail
107 headers could contain MIME encoded NUL characters, which could never
108 be matched by Sieve scripts using exact comparisons. For that reason,
109 this implementation extends the Sieve quoted string syntax with \0
110 to describe a NUL character, violating \0 being the same as 0 in
113 The folder specified by "fileinto" must not contain the character
114 sequence ".." to avoid security problems. RFC 3028 does not specify the
115 syntax of folders apart from keep being equivalent to fileinto "INBOX".
116 This implementation uses "inbox" instead.
118 Sieve script errors currently cause that messages are silently filed into
119 "inbox". RFC 3028 requires that the user is notified of that condition.
120 This may be implemented in future by adding a header line to mails that
121 are filed into "inbox" due to an error in the filter.
126 The keep command is equivalent to fileinto "inbox": It saves the
127 message and resets the implicit keep flag. It does not set the
128 implicit keep flag; there is no command to set it once it has
132 Semantics of Fileinto
134 RFC 3028 does not specify if "fileinto" tries to create a mail folder,
135 in case it does not exist. This implementation allows to configure
136 that aspect using the appendfile transport options "create_directory",
137 "create_file" and "file_must_exist". See the appendfile transport in
138 the Exim specification for details.
141 Sieve Syntax and Semantics
143 RFC 3028 confuses syntax and semantics sometimes. It uses a generic
144 grammar as syntax for commands and tests and performs many checks during
145 semantic analysis. Syntax is specified by grammar rules, semantics
146 by natural language, despite the latter often talking about syntax.
147 The intention was to provide a framework for the syntax that describes
148 current commands as well as future extensions, and describing commands
151 The following replacement for section 8.2 gives two grammars, one for
152 the framework, and one for specific commands, thus removing most of the
153 semantic analysis. Since the parser can not parse unsupported extensions,
154 the result is strict error checking of any executed and not executed code
155 until "stop" is executed or the end of the script is reached.
159 The atoms of the grammar are lexical tokens. White space or comments may
160 appear anywhere between lexical tokens, they are not part of the grammar.
161 The grammar is specified in ABNF with two extensions to describe tagged
162 arguments that can be reordered and grammar extensions: { } denotes a
163 sequence of symbols that may appear in any order. Example:
170 start = ( a b c ) / ( a c b ) / ( b a c ) / ( b c a ) / ( c a b ) / ( c b a )
172 The symbol =) is used to append to a rule:
181 All Sieve commands, including extensions, MUST be words of the following
182 generic grammar with the start symbol "start". They SHOULD be specified
183 using a specific grammar, though.
185 argument = string-list / number / tag
186 arguments = *argument [test / test-list]
187 block = "{" commands "}"
189 string = quoted-string / multi-line
190 string-list = "[" string *("," string) "]" / string
191 test = identifier arguments
192 test-list = "(" test *("," test) ")"
193 command = identifier arguments ( ";" / block )
196 The basic Sieve commands are specified using the following grammar, which
197 language is a subset of the generic grammar above. The start symbol is
200 address-part = ":localpart" / ":domain" / ":all"
201 comparator = ":comparator" string
202 match-type = ":is" / ":contains" / ":matches"
203 string = quoted-string / multi-line
204 string-list = "[" string *("," string) "]" / string
205 address-test = "address" { [address-part] [comparator] [match-type] }
206 string-list string-list
207 test-list = "(" test *("," test) ")"
208 allof-test = "allof" test-list
209 anyof-test = "anyof" test-list
210 exists-test = "exists" string-list
213 header-test = "header" { [comparator] [match-type] }
214 string-list string-list
215 not-test = "not" test
216 relop = ":over" / ":under"
217 size-test = "size" relop number
218 block = "{" commands "}"
219 if-command = "if" test block *( "elsif" test block ) [ "else" block ]
220 stop-command = "stop" { stop-options } ";"
222 keep-command = "keep" { keep-options } ";"
224 discard-command = "discard" { discard-options } ";"
226 redirect-command = "redirect" { redirect-options } string ";"
228 require-command = "require" { require-options } string-list ";"
230 test = address-test / allof-test / anyof-test / exists-test
231 / false-test / true-test / header-test / not-test
233 command = if-command / stop-command / keep-command
234 / discard-command / redirect-command
236 start = *require-command commands
238 The extensions "envelope" and "fileinto" are specified using the following
241 envelope-test = "envelope" { [comparator] [address-part] [match-type] }
242 string-list string-list
243 test =/ envelope-test
245 fileinto-command = "fileinto" { fileinto-options } string ";"
247 command =/ fileinto-command
249 The extension "copy" is specified as:
251 fileinto-options =) ":copy"
252 redirect-options =) ":copy"
255 The i;ascii-numeric Comparator
257 RFC 2244 describes this comparator and specifies that non-numeric strings
258 are considered equal with an ordinal value higher than any numeric string.
259 Although not stated explicitly, this includes the empty string. A range
260 of at least 2^31 is required. This implementation does not limit the
261 range, because it does not convert numbers to binary representation
262 before comparing them.
265 The vacation extension
267 The extension "vacation" is specified using the following grammar
270 vacation-command = "vacation" { vacation-options } <reason: string>
271 vacation-options = [":days" number]
274 [":addresses" string-list]
277 command =/ vacation-command
282 The draft does not specify how strings using MIME entities are used
283 to compose messages. As a result, different implementations generate
284 different mails. The Exim Sieve implementation splits the reason into
285 header and body. It adds the header to the mail header and uses the body
286 as mail body. Be aware, that other imlementations compose a multipart
287 structure with the reason as only part. Both conform to the specification
291 Semantics Of Not Using ":mime"
293 Sieve scripts are written in UTF-8, so is the reason string in this
294 case. This implementation adds MIME headers to indicate that. This
295 is not required by the vacation draft, which does not specify how
296 the UTF-8 reason is processed to compose the resulting message.
301 The draft specifies that the default message subject is "Auto: " plus
302 the old subject. Using this subject is dangerous, because many mailing
303 lists verify addresses by sending a secret key in the subject of a
304 message, asking to reply to the message for confirmation. Using the
305 default vacation subject confirms any subscription request of this kind,
306 allowing to subscribe a third party to any mailing list, either to annoy
307 the user or to declare spam as legitimate mail by proving to use opt-in.
310 Rate Limiting Responses
312 In absence of a handle, this implementation hashes the reason,
313 ":subject" option, ":mime" option and ":from" option and uses the hex
314 string representation as filename within the "sieve_vacation_directory"
315 to store the recipient addresses for this vacation parameter set.
317 The draft specifies that sites may define a minimum ":days" value than 1.
318 This implementation uses 1. The maximum value MUST greater than 7,
319 and SHOULD be greater than 30. This implementation uses a maximum of 31.
321 Vacation recipient address databases older than 31 days are automatically
322 removed. Users do not have to remove them manually when modifying their
323 scripts. Don't put anything but vacation databases in that directory
324 or you risk that it will be removed, too!
327 Global Reply Address Blacklist
329 The draft requires that each implementation offers a global black list
330 of addresses that will never be replied to. Exim offers this as option
331 "never_mail" in the autoreply transport.