1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2012 */
6 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
8 /* Functions for finding hosts, either by gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), or
9 directly via the DNS. When IPv6 is supported, getipnodebyname() and
10 getipnodebyaddr() may be used instead of gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr(),
11 if the newer functions are available. This module also contains various other
12 functions concerned with hosts and addresses, and a random number function,
13 used for randomizing hosts with equal MXs but available for use in other parts
20 /* Static variable for preserving the list of interface addresses in case it is
21 used more than once. */
23 static ip_address_item *local_interface_data = NULL;
26 #ifdef USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
27 /*************************************************
28 * Replacement for broken inet_ntoa() *
29 *************************************************/
31 /* On IRIX systems, gcc uses a different structure passing convention to the
32 native libraries. This causes inet_ntoa() to always yield 0.0.0.0 or
33 255.255.255.255. To get round this, we provide a private version of the
34 function here. It is used only if USE_INET_NTOA_FIX is set, which should happen
35 only when gcc is in use on an IRIX system. Code send to me by J.T. Breitner,
39 as seen in comp.sys.sgi.admin
41 August 2005: Apparently this is also needed for AIX systems; USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
42 should now be set for them as well.
44 Arguments: sa an in_addr structure
45 Returns: pointer to static text string
49 inet_ntoa(struct in_addr sa)
51 static uschar addr[20];
52 sprintf(addr, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
63 /*************************************************
64 * Random number generator *
65 *************************************************/
67 /* This is a simple pseudo-random number generator. It does not have to be
68 very good for the uses to which it is put. When running the regression tests,
69 start with a fixed seed.
71 If you need better, see vaguely_random_number() which is potentially stronger,
72 if a crypto library is available, but might end up just calling this instead.
75 limit: one more than the largest number required
77 Returns: a pseudo-random number in the range 0 to limit-1
81 random_number(int limit)
87 if (running_in_test_harness) random_seed = 42; else
89 int p = (int)getpid();
90 random_seed = (int)time(NULL) ^ ((p << 16) | p);
93 random_seed = 1103515245 * random_seed + 12345;
94 return (unsigned int)(random_seed >> 16) % limit;
99 /*************************************************
100 * Replace gethostbyname() when testing *
101 *************************************************/
103 /* This function is called instead of gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), or
104 getipnodebyname() when running in the test harness. It recognizes the name
105 "manyhome.test.ex" and generates a humungous number of IP addresses. It also
106 recognizes an unqualified "localhost" and forces it to the appropriate loopback
107 address. IP addresses are treated as literals. For other names, it uses the DNS
108 to find the host name. In the test harness, this means it will access only the
112 name the host name or a textual IP address
113 af AF_INET or AF_INET6
114 error_num where to put an error code:
115 HOST_NOT_FOUND/TRY_AGAIN/NO_RECOVERY/NO_DATA
117 Returns: a hostent structure or NULL for an error
120 static struct hostent *
121 host_fake_gethostbyname(uschar *name, int af, int *error_num)
124 int alen = (af == AF_INET)? sizeof(struct in_addr):sizeof(struct in6_addr);
126 int alen = sizeof(struct in_addr);
130 uschar *lname = name;
133 struct hostent *yield;
139 debug_printf("using host_fake_gethostbyname for %s (%s)\n", name,
140 (af == AF_INET)? "IPv4" : "IPv6");
142 /* Handle the name that needs a vast number of IP addresses */
144 if (Ustrcmp(name, "manyhome.test.ex") == 0 && af == AF_INET)
147 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
148 alist = store_get(2049 * sizeof(char *));
149 adds = store_get(2048 * alen);
150 yield->h_name = CS name;
151 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
152 yield->h_addrtype = af;
153 yield->h_length = alen;
154 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
155 for (i = 104; i <= 111; i++)
157 for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
170 /* Handle unqualified "localhost" */
172 if (Ustrcmp(name, "localhost") == 0)
173 lname = (af == AF_INET)? US"127.0.0.1" : US"::1";
175 /* Handle a literal IP address */
177 ipa = string_is_ip_address(lname, NULL);
180 if ((ipa == 4 && af == AF_INET) ||
181 (ipa == 6 && af == AF_INET6))
185 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
186 alist = store_get(2 * sizeof(char *));
187 adds = store_get(alen);
188 yield->h_name = CS name;
189 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
190 yield->h_addrtype = af;
191 yield->h_length = alen;
192 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
194 n = host_aton(lname, x);
195 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
198 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
199 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
200 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
206 /* Wrong kind of literal address */
210 *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
215 /* Handle a host name */
219 int type = (af == AF_INET)? T_A:T_AAAA;
220 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, lname, type, NULL);
223 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = NULL;
227 case DNS_SUCCEED: break;
228 case DNS_NOMATCH: *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND; return NULL;
229 case DNS_NODATA: *error_num = NO_DATA; return NULL;
230 case DNS_AGAIN: *error_num = TRY_AGAIN; return NULL;
232 case DNS_FAIL: *error_num = NO_RECOVERY; return NULL;
235 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
237 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
239 if (rr->type == type) count++;
242 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
243 alist = store_get((count + 1) * sizeof(char **));
244 adds = store_get(count *alen);
246 yield->h_name = CS name;
247 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
248 yield->h_addrtype = af;
249 yield->h_length = alen;
250 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
252 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
254 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
259 if (rr->type != type) continue;
260 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
262 n = host_aton(da->address, x);
263 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
266 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
267 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
268 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
280 /*************************************************
281 * Build chain of host items from list *
282 *************************************************/
284 /* This function builds a chain of host items from a textual list of host
285 names. It does not do any lookups. If randomize is true, the chain is build in
286 a randomized order. There may be multiple groups of independently randomized
287 hosts; they are delimited by a host name consisting of just "+".
290 anchor anchor for the chain
292 randomize TRUE for randomizing
298 host_build_hostlist(host_item **anchor, uschar *list, BOOL randomize)
301 int fake_mx = MX_NONE; /* This value is actually -1 */
305 if (list == NULL) return;
306 if (randomize) fake_mx--; /* Start at -2 for randomizing */
310 while ((name = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
314 if (name[0] == '+' && name[1] == 0) /* "+" delimits a randomized group */
315 { /* ignore if not randomizing */
316 if (randomize) fake_mx--;
320 h = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
321 h->name = string_copy(name);
325 h->sort_key = randomize? (-fake_mx)*1000 + random_number(1000) : 0;
326 h->status = hstatus_unknown;
327 h->why = hwhy_unknown;
337 host_item *hh = *anchor;
338 if (h->sort_key < hh->sort_key)
345 while (hh->next != NULL && h->sort_key >= (hh->next)->sort_key)
358 /*************************************************
359 * Extract port from address string *
360 *************************************************/
362 /* In the spool file, and in the -oMa and -oMi options, a host plus port is
363 given as an IP address followed by a dot and a port number. This function
366 An alternative format for the -oMa and -oMi options is [ip address]:port which
367 is what Exim 4 uses for output, because it seems to becoming commonly used,
368 whereas the dot form confuses some programs/people. So we recognize that form
372 address points to the string; if there is a port, the '.' in the string
373 is overwritten with zero to terminate the address; if the string
374 is in the [xxx]:ppp format, the address is shifted left and the
377 Returns: 0 if there is no port, else the port number. If there's a syntax
378 error, leave the incoming address alone, and return 0.
382 host_address_extract_port(uschar *address)
387 /* Handle the "bracketed with colon on the end" format */
391 uschar *rb = address + 1;
392 while (*rb != 0 && *rb != ']') rb++;
393 if (*rb++ == 0) return 0; /* Missing ]; leave invalid address */
396 port = Ustrtol(rb + 1, &endptr, 10);
397 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
399 else if (*rb != 0) return 0; /* Bad syntax; leave invalid address */
400 memmove(address, address + 1, rb - address - 2);
404 /* Handle the "dot on the end" format */
408 int skip = -3; /* Skip 3 dots in IPv4 addresses */
410 while (*(++address) != 0)
413 if (ch == ':') skip = 0; /* Skip 0 dots in IPv6 addresses */
414 else if (ch == '.' && skip++ >= 0) break;
416 if (*address == 0) return 0;
417 port = Ustrtol(address + 1, &endptr, 10);
418 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
426 /*************************************************
427 * Get port from a host item's name *
428 *************************************************/
430 /* This function is called when finding the IP address for a host that is in a
431 list of hosts explicitly configured, such as in the manualroute router, or in a
432 fallback hosts list. We see if there is a port specification at the end of the
433 host name, and if so, remove it. A minimum length of 3 is required for the
434 original name; nothing shorter is recognized as having a port.
436 We test for a name ending with a sequence of digits; if preceded by colon we
437 have a port if the character before the colon is ] and the name starts with [
438 or if there are no other colons in the name (i.e. it's not an IPv6 address).
440 Arguments: pointer to the host item
441 Returns: a port number or PORT_NONE
445 host_item_get_port(host_item *h)
449 int len = Ustrlen(h->name);
451 if (len < 3 || (p = h->name + len - 1, !isdigit(*p))) return PORT_NONE;
453 /* Extract potential port number */
458 while (p > h->name + 1 && isdigit(*p))
460 port += (*p-- - '0') * x;
464 /* The smallest value of p at this point is h->name + 1. */
466 if (*p != ':') return PORT_NONE;
468 if (p[-1] == ']' && h->name[0] == '[')
469 h->name = string_copyn(h->name + 1, p - h->name - 2);
470 else if (Ustrchr(h->name, ':') == p)
471 h->name = string_copyn(h->name, p - h->name);
472 else return PORT_NONE;
474 DEBUG(D_route|D_host_lookup) debug_printf("host=%s port=%d\n", h->name, port);
480 #ifndef STAND_ALONE /* Omit when standalone testing */
482 /*************************************************
483 * Build sender_fullhost and sender_rcvhost *
484 *************************************************/
486 /* This function is called when sender_host_name and/or sender_helo_name
487 have been set. Or might have been set - for a local message read off the spool
488 they won't be. In that case, do nothing. Otherwise, set up the fullhost string
491 (a) No sender_host_name or sender_helo_name: "[ip address]"
492 (b) Just sender_host_name: "host_name [ip address]"
493 (c) Just sender_helo_name: "(helo_name) [ip address]" unless helo is IP
494 in which case: "[ip address}"
495 (d) The two are identical: "host_name [ip address]" includes helo = IP
496 (e) The two are different: "host_name (helo_name) [ip address]"
498 If log_incoming_port is set, the sending host's port number is added to the IP
501 This function also builds sender_rcvhost for use in Received: lines, whose
502 syntax is a bit different. This value also includes the RFC 1413 identity.
503 There wouldn't be two different variables if I had got all this right in the
506 Because this data may survive over more than one incoming SMTP message, it has
507 to be in permanent store.
514 host_build_sender_fullhost(void)
516 BOOL show_helo = TRUE;
519 int old_pool = store_pool;
521 if (sender_host_address == NULL) return;
523 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
525 /* Set up address, with or without the port. After discussion, it seems that
526 the only format that doesn't cause trouble is [aaaa]:pppp. However, we can't
527 use this directly as the first item for Received: because it ain't an RFC 2822
530 address = string_sprintf("[%s]:%d", sender_host_address, sender_host_port);
531 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_port) == 0 || sender_host_port <= 0)
532 *(Ustrrchr(address, ':')) = 0;
534 /* If there's no EHLO/HELO data, we can't show it. */
536 if (sender_helo_name == NULL) show_helo = FALSE;
538 /* If HELO/EHLO was followed by an IP literal, it's messy because of two
539 features of IPv6. Firstly, there's the "IPv6:" prefix (Exim is liberal and
540 doesn't require this, for historical reasons). Secondly, IPv6 addresses may not
541 be given in canonical form, so we have to canonicize them before comparing. As
542 it happens, the code works for both IPv4 and IPv6. */
544 else if (sender_helo_name[0] == '[' &&
545 sender_helo_name[(len=Ustrlen(sender_helo_name))-1] == ']')
550 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv6:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
551 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv4:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
553 helo_ip = string_copyn(sender_helo_name + offset, len - offset - 1);
555 if (string_is_ip_address(helo_ip, NULL) != 0)
559 uschar ipx[48], ipy[48]; /* large enough for full IPv6 */
561 sizex = host_aton(helo_ip, x);
562 sizey = host_aton(sender_host_address, y);
564 (void)host_nmtoa(sizex, x, -1, ipx, ':');
565 (void)host_nmtoa(sizey, y, -1, ipy, ':');
567 if (strcmpic(ipx, ipy) == 0) show_helo = FALSE;
571 /* Host name is not verified */
573 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
575 uschar *portptr = Ustrstr(address, "]:");
578 int adlen; /* Sun compiler doesn't like ++ in initializers */
580 adlen = (portptr == NULL)? Ustrlen(address) : (++portptr - address);
581 sender_fullhost = (sender_helo_name == NULL)? address :
582 string_sprintf("(%s) %s", sender_helo_name, address);
584 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(NULL, &size, &ptr, address, adlen);
586 if (sender_ident != NULL || show_helo || portptr != NULL)
589 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US" (", 2);
593 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2, US"port=",
597 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
598 (firstptr == ptr)? US"helo=" : US" helo=", sender_helo_name);
600 if (sender_ident != NULL)
601 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
602 (firstptr == ptr)? US"ident=" : US" ident=", sender_ident);
604 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US")", 1);
607 sender_rcvhost[ptr] = 0; /* string_cat() always leaves room */
609 /* Release store, because string_cat allocated a minimum of 100 bytes that
610 are rarely completely used. */
612 store_reset(sender_rcvhost + ptr + 1);
615 /* Host name is known and verified. Unless we've already found that the HELO
616 data matches the IP address, compare it with the name. */
620 if (show_helo && strcmpic(sender_host_name, sender_helo_name) == 0)
625 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s (%s) %s", sender_host_name,
626 sender_helo_name, address);
627 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
628 string_sprintf("%s (%s helo=%s)", sender_host_name,
629 address, sender_helo_name) :
630 string_sprintf("%s\n\t(%s helo=%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name,
631 address, sender_helo_name, sender_ident);
635 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s %s", sender_host_name, address);
636 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
637 string_sprintf("%s (%s)", sender_host_name, address) :
638 string_sprintf("%s (%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name, address,
643 store_pool = old_pool;
645 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_fullhost = %s\n", sender_fullhost);
646 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_rcvhost = %s\n", sender_rcvhost);
651 /*************************************************
652 * Build host+ident message *
653 *************************************************/
655 /* Used when logging rejections and various ACL and SMTP incidents. The text
656 return depends on whether sender_fullhost and sender_ident are set or not:
658 no ident, no host => U=unknown
659 no ident, host set => H=sender_fullhost
660 ident set, no host => U=ident
661 ident set, host set => H=sender_fullhost U=ident
664 useflag TRUE if first item to be flagged (H= or U=); if there are two
665 items, the second is always flagged
667 Returns: pointer to a string in big_buffer
671 host_and_ident(BOOL useflag)
673 if (sender_fullhost == NULL)
675 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s", useflag? "U=" : "",
676 (sender_ident == NULL)? US"unknown" : sender_ident);
680 uschar *flag = useflag? US"H=" : US"";
681 uschar *iface = US"";
682 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_interface) != 0 &&
683 interface_address != NULL)
684 iface = string_sprintf(" I=[%s]:%d", interface_address, interface_port);
685 if (sender_ident == NULL)
686 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s",
687 flag, sender_fullhost, iface);
689 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s U=%s",
690 flag, sender_fullhost, iface, sender_ident);
695 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
700 /*************************************************
701 * Build list of local interfaces *
702 *************************************************/
704 /* This function interprets the contents of the local_interfaces or
705 extra_local_interfaces options, and creates an ip_address_item block for each
706 item on the list. There is no special interpretation of any IP addresses; in
707 particular, 0.0.0.0 and ::0 are returned without modification. If any address
708 includes a port, it is set in the block. Otherwise the port value is set to
713 name the name of the option being expanded
715 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
716 version of an IP address, and a port number (host order) or
717 zero if no port was given with the address
721 host_build_ifacelist(uschar *list, uschar *name)
726 ip_address_item *yield = NULL;
727 ip_address_item *last = NULL;
728 ip_address_item *next;
730 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
733 int port = host_address_extract_port(s); /* Leaves just the IP address */
734 if ((ipv = string_is_ip_address(s, NULL)) == 0)
735 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Malformed IP address \"%s\" in %s",
738 /* Skip IPv6 addresses if IPv6 is disabled. */
740 if (disable_ipv6 && ipv == 6) continue;
742 /* This use of strcpy() is OK because we have checked that s is a valid IP
743 address above. The field in the ip_address_item is large enough to hold an
746 next = store_get(sizeof(ip_address_item));
748 Ustrcpy(next->address, s);
750 next->v6_include_v4 = FALSE;
752 if (yield == NULL) yield = last = next; else
766 /*************************************************
767 * Find addresses on local interfaces *
768 *************************************************/
770 /* This function finds the addresses of local IP interfaces. These are used
771 when testing for routing to the local host. As the function may be called more
772 than once, the list is preserved in permanent store, pointed to by a static
773 variable, to save doing the work more than once per process.
775 The generic list of interfaces is obtained by calling host_build_ifacelist()
776 for local_interfaces and extra_local_interfaces. This list scanned to remove
777 duplicates (which may exist with different ports - not relevant here). If
778 either of the wildcard IP addresses (0.0.0.0 and ::0) are encountered, they are
779 replaced by the appropriate (IPv4 or IPv6) list of actual local interfaces,
780 obtained from os_find_running_interfaces().
783 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
784 version of an IP address; the port numbers are not relevant
788 /* First, a local subfunction to add an interface to a list in permanent store,
789 but only if there isn't a previous copy of that address on the list. */
791 static ip_address_item *
792 add_unique_interface(ip_address_item *list, ip_address_item *ipa)
794 ip_address_item *ipa2;
795 for (ipa2 = list; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
796 if (Ustrcmp(ipa2->address, ipa->address) == 0) return list;
797 ipa2 = store_get_perm(sizeof(ip_address_item));
804 /* This is the globally visible function */
807 host_find_interfaces(void)
809 ip_address_item *running_interfaces = NULL;
811 if (local_interface_data == NULL)
813 void *reset_item = store_get(0);
814 ip_address_item *dlist = host_build_ifacelist(local_interfaces,
815 US"local_interfaces");
816 ip_address_item *xlist = host_build_ifacelist(extra_local_interfaces,
817 US"extra_local_interfaces");
818 ip_address_item *ipa;
820 if (dlist == NULL) dlist = xlist; else
822 for (ipa = dlist; ipa->next != NULL; ipa = ipa->next);
826 for (ipa = dlist; ipa != NULL; ipa = ipa->next)
828 if (Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0 ||
829 Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "::0") == 0)
831 ip_address_item *ipa2;
832 BOOL ipv6 = ipa->address[0] == ':';
833 if (running_interfaces == NULL)
834 running_interfaces = os_find_running_interfaces();
835 for (ipa2 = running_interfaces; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
837 if ((Ustrchr(ipa2->address, ':') != NULL) == ipv6)
838 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data,
844 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data, ipa);
847 debug_printf("Configured local interface: address=%s", ipa->address);
848 if (ipa->port != 0) debug_printf(" port=%d", ipa->port);
853 store_reset(reset_item);
856 return local_interface_data;
863 /*************************************************
864 * Convert network IP address to text *
865 *************************************************/
867 /* Given an IPv4 or IPv6 address in binary, convert it to a text
868 string and return the result in a piece of new store. The address can
869 either be given directly, or passed over in a sockaddr structure. Note
870 that this isn't the converse of host_aton() because of byte ordering
871 differences. See host_nmtoa() below.
874 type if < 0 then arg points to a sockaddr, else
875 either AF_INET or AF_INET6
876 arg points to a sockaddr if type is < 0, or
877 points to an IPv4 address (32 bits), or
878 points to an IPv6 address (128 bits),
879 in both cases, in network byte order
880 buffer if NULL, the result is returned in gotten store;
881 else points to a buffer to hold the answer
882 portptr points to where to put the port number, if non NULL; only
885 Returns: pointer to character string
889 host_ntoa(int type, const void *arg, uschar *buffer, int *portptr)
893 /* The new world. It is annoying that we have to fish out the address from
894 different places in the block, depending on what kind of address it is. It
895 is also a pain that inet_ntop() returns a const uschar *, whereas the IPv4
896 function inet_ntoa() returns just uschar *, and some picky compilers insist
897 on warning if one assigns a const uschar * to a uschar *. Hence the casts. */
900 uschar addr_buffer[46];
903 int family = ((struct sockaddr *)arg)->sa_family;
904 if (family == AF_INET6)
906 struct sockaddr_in6 *sk = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)arg;
907 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin6_addr), CS addr_buffer,
908 sizeof(addr_buffer));
909 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin6_port);
913 struct sockaddr_in *sk = (struct sockaddr_in *)arg;
914 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin_addr), CS addr_buffer,
915 sizeof(addr_buffer));
916 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin_port);
921 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(type, arg, CS addr_buffer, sizeof(addr_buffer));
924 /* If the result is a mapped IPv4 address, show it in V4 format. */
926 if (Ustrncmp(yield, "::ffff:", 7) == 0) yield += 7;
928 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
934 yield = US inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_addr);
935 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_port);
938 yield = US inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)arg));
941 /* If there is no buffer, put the string into some new store. */
943 if (buffer == NULL) return string_copy(yield);
945 /* Callers of this function with a non-NULL buffer must ensure that it is
946 large enough to hold an IPv6 address, namely, at least 46 bytes. That's what
947 makes this use of strcpy() OK. */
949 Ustrcpy(buffer, yield);
956 /*************************************************
957 * Convert address text to binary *
958 *************************************************/
960 /* Given the textual form of an IP address, convert it to binary in an
961 array of ints. IPv4 addresses occupy one int; IPv6 addresses occupy 4 ints.
962 The result has the first byte in the most significant byte of the first int. In
963 other words, the result is not in network byte order, but in host byte order.
964 As a result, this is not the converse of host_ntoa(), which expects network
965 byte order. See host_nmtoa() below.
968 address points to the textual address, checked for syntax
969 bin points to an array of 4 ints
971 Returns: the number of ints used
975 host_aton(uschar *address, int *bin)
980 /* Handle IPv6 address, which may end with an IPv4 address. It may also end
981 with a "scope", introduced by a percent sign. This code is NOT enclosed in #if
982 HAVE_IPV6 in order that IPv6 addresses are recognized even if IPv6 is not
985 if (Ustrchr(address, ':') != NULL)
988 uschar *component[8];
989 BOOL ipv4_ends = FALSE;
995 /* If the address starts with a colon, it will start with two colons.
996 Just lose the first one, which will leave a null first component. */
1000 /* Split the address into components separated by colons. The input address
1001 is supposed to be checked for syntax. There was a case where this was
1002 overlooked; to guard against that happening again, check here and crash if
1003 there are too many components. */
1005 while (*p != 0 && *p != '%')
1007 int len = Ustrcspn(p, ":%");
1008 if (len == 0) nulloffset = ci;
1009 if (ci > 7) log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE,
1010 "Internal error: invalid IPv6 address \"%s\" passed to host_aton()",
1012 component[ci++] = p;
1017 /* If the final component contains a dot, it is a trailing v4 address.
1018 As the syntax is known to be checked, just set up for a trailing
1019 v4 address and restrict the v6 part to 6 components. */
1021 if (Ustrchr(component[ci-1], '.') != NULL)
1023 address = component[--ci];
1029 /* If there are fewer than 6 or 8 components, we have to insert some
1030 more empty ones in the middle. */
1034 int insert_count = v6count - ci;
1035 for (i = v6count-1; i > nulloffset + insert_count; i--)
1036 component[i] = component[i - insert_count];
1037 while (i > nulloffset) component[i--] = US"";
1040 /* Now turn the components into binary in pairs and bung them
1041 into the vector of ints. */
1043 for (i = 0; i < v6count; i += 2)
1044 bin[i/2] = (Ustrtol(component[i], NULL, 16) << 16) +
1045 Ustrtol(component[i+1], NULL, 16);
1047 /* If there was no terminating v4 component, we are done. */
1049 if (!ipv4_ends) return 4;
1052 /* Handle IPv4 address */
1054 (void)sscanf(CS address, "%d.%d.%d.%d", x, x+1, x+2, x+3);
1055 bin[v4offset] = (x[0] << 24) + (x[1] << 16) + (x[2] << 8) + x[3];
1060 /*************************************************
1061 * Apply mask to an IP address *
1062 *************************************************/
1064 /* Mask an address held in 1 or 4 ints, with the ms bit in the ms bit of the
1068 count the number of ints
1069 binary points to the ints to be masked
1070 mask the count of ms bits to leave, or -1 if no masking
1076 host_mask(int count, int *binary, int mask)
1079 if (mask < 0) mask = 99999;
1080 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
1083 if (mask == 0) wordmask = 0;
1086 wordmask = (-1) << (32 - mask);
1094 binary[i] &= wordmask;
1101 /*************************************************
1102 * Convert masked IP address in ints to text *
1103 *************************************************/
1105 /* We can't use host_ntoa() because it assumes the binary values are in network
1106 byte order, and these are the result of host_aton(), which puts them in ints in
1107 host byte order. Also, we really want IPv6 addresses to be in a canonical
1108 format, so we output them with no abbreviation. In a number of cases we can't
1109 use the normal colon separator in them because it terminates keys in lsearch
1110 files, so we want to use dot instead. There's an argument that specifies what
1111 to use for IPv6 addresses.
1114 count 1 or 4 (number of ints)
1115 binary points to the ints
1116 mask mask value; if < 0 don't add to result
1117 buffer big enough to hold the result
1118 sep component separator character for IPv6 addresses
1120 Returns: the number of characters placed in buffer, not counting
1125 host_nmtoa(int count, int *binary, int mask, uschar *buffer, int sep)
1128 uschar *tt = buffer;
1133 for (i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8)
1135 sprintf(CS tt, "%d.", (j >> i) & 255);
1141 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
1144 sprintf(CS tt, "%04x%c%04x%c", (j >> 16) & 0xffff, sep, j & 0xffff, sep);
1149 tt--; /* lose final separator */
1155 sprintf(CS tt, "/%d", mask);
1164 /*************************************************
1165 * Check port for tls_on_connect *
1166 *************************************************/
1168 /* This function checks whether a given incoming port is configured for tls-
1169 on-connect. It is called from the daemon and from inetd handling. If the global
1170 option tls_on_connect is already set, all ports operate this way. Otherwise, we
1171 check the tls_on_connect_ports option for a list of ports.
1173 Argument: a port number
1174 Returns: TRUE or FALSE
1178 host_is_tls_on_connect_port(int port)
1182 uschar *list = tls_in.on_connect_ports;
1186 if (tls_in.on_connect) return TRUE;
1188 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))))
1189 if (Ustrtol(s, &end, 10) == port)
1197 /*************************************************
1198 * Check whether host is in a network *
1199 *************************************************/
1201 /* This function checks whether a given IP address matches a pattern that
1202 represents either a single host, or a network (using CIDR notation). The caller
1203 of this function must check the syntax of the arguments before calling it.
1206 host string representation of the ip-address to check
1207 net string representation of the network, with optional CIDR mask
1208 maskoffset offset to the / that introduces the mask in the key
1209 zero if there is no mask
1212 TRUE the host is inside the network
1213 FALSE the host is NOT inside the network
1217 host_is_in_net(uschar *host, uschar *net, int maskoffset)
1223 int size = host_aton(net, address);
1226 /* No mask => all bits to be checked */
1228 if (maskoffset == 0) mlen = 99999; /* Big number */
1229 else mlen = Uatoi(net + maskoffset + 1);
1231 /* Convert the incoming address to binary. */
1233 insize = host_aton(host, incoming);
1235 /* Convert IPv4 addresses given in IPv6 compatible mode, which represent
1236 connections from IPv4 hosts to IPv6 hosts, that is, addresses of the form
1237 ::ffff:<v4address>, to IPv4 format. */
1239 if (insize == 4 && incoming[0] == 0 && incoming[1] == 0 &&
1240 incoming[2] == 0xffff)
1243 incoming[0] = incoming[3];
1246 /* No match if the sizes don't agree. */
1248 if (insize != size) return FALSE;
1250 /* Else do the masked comparison. */
1252 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
1255 if (mlen == 0) mask = 0;
1258 mask = (-1) << (32 - mlen);
1266 if ((incoming[i] & mask) != (address[i] & mask)) return FALSE;
1274 /*************************************************
1275 * Scan host list for local hosts *
1276 *************************************************/
1278 /* Scan through a chain of addresses and check whether any of them is the
1279 address of an interface on the local machine. If so, remove that address and
1280 any previous ones with the same MX value, and all subsequent ones (which will
1281 have greater or equal MX values) from the chain. Note: marking them as unusable
1282 is NOT the right thing to do because it causes the hosts not to be used for
1283 other domains, for which they may well be correct.
1285 The hosts may be part of a longer chain; we only process those between the
1286 initial pointer and the "last" pointer.
1288 There is also a list of "pseudo-local" host names which are checked against the
1289 host names. Any match causes that host item to be treated the same as one which
1290 matches a local IP address.
1292 If the very first host is a local host, then all MX records had a precedence
1293 greater than or equal to that of the local host. Either there's a problem in
1294 the DNS, or an apparently remote name turned out to be an abbreviation for the
1295 local host. Give a specific return code, and let the caller decide what to do.
1296 Otherwise, give a success code if at least one host address has been found.
1299 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1300 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1301 removed if not NULL, set TRUE if some local addresses were removed
1305 HOST_FOUND if there is at least one host with an IP address on the chain
1306 and an MX value less than any MX value associated with the
1308 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL if a local host is among the lowest-numbered MX hosts; when
1309 the host addresses were obtained from A records or
1310 gethostbyname(), the MX values are set to -1.
1311 HOST_FIND_FAILED if no valid hosts with set IP addresses were found
1315 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr, BOOL *removed)
1317 int yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED;
1318 host_item *last = *lastptr;
1319 host_item *prev = NULL;
1322 if (removed != NULL) *removed = FALSE;
1324 if (local_interface_data == NULL) local_interface_data = host_find_interfaces();
1326 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1329 if (hosts_treat_as_local != NULL)
1332 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
1333 deliver_domain = h->name; /* set $domain */
1334 rc = match_isinlist(string_copylc(h->name), &hosts_treat_as_local, 0,
1335 &domainlist_anchor, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
1336 deliver_domain = save;
1337 if (rc == OK) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1341 /* It seems that on many operating systems, 0.0.0.0 is treated as a synonym
1342 for 127.0.0.1 and refers to the local host. We therefore force it always to
1343 be treated as local. */
1345 if (h->address != NULL)
1347 ip_address_item *ip;
1348 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1349 for (ip = local_interface_data; ip != NULL; ip = ip->next)
1350 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, ip->address) == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1351 yield = HOST_FOUND; /* At least one remote address has been found */
1354 /* Update prev to point to the last host item before any that have
1355 the same MX value as the one we have just considered. */
1357 if (h->next == NULL || h->next->mx != h->mx) prev = h;
1360 return yield; /* No local hosts found: return HOST_FOUND or HOST_FIND_FAILED */
1362 /* A host whose IP address matches a local IP address, or whose name matches
1363 something in hosts_treat_as_local has been found. */
1369 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf((h->mx >= 0)?
1370 "local host has lowest MX\n" :
1371 "local host found for non-MX address\n");
1372 return HOST_FOUND_LOCAL;
1375 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1377 debug_printf("local host in host list - removed hosts:\n");
1378 for (h = prev->next; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1379 debug_printf(" %s %s %d\n", h->name, h->address, h->mx);
1382 if (removed != NULL) *removed = TRUE;
1383 prev->next = last->next;
1391 /*************************************************
1392 * Remove duplicate IPs in host list *
1393 *************************************************/
1395 /* You would think that administrators could set up their DNS records so that
1396 one ended up with a list of unique IP addresses after looking up A or MX
1397 records, but apparently duplication is common. So we scan such lists and
1398 remove the later duplicates. Note that we may get lists in which some host
1399 addresses are not set.
1402 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1403 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1409 host_remove_duplicates(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr)
1411 while (host != *lastptr)
1413 if (host->address != NULL)
1415 host_item *h = host;
1416 while (h != *lastptr)
1418 if (h->next->address != NULL &&
1419 Ustrcmp(h->next->address, host->address) == 0)
1421 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("duplicate IP address %s (MX=%d) "
1422 "removed\n", host->address, h->next->mx);
1423 if (h->next == *lastptr) *lastptr = h;
1424 h->next = h->next->next;
1429 /* If the last item was removed, host may have become == *lastptr */
1430 if (host != *lastptr) host = host->next;
1437 /*************************************************
1438 * Find sender host name by gethostbyaddr() *
1439 *************************************************/
1441 /* This used to be the only way it was done, but it turns out that not all
1442 systems give aliases for calls to gethostbyaddr() - or one of the modern
1443 equivalents like getipnodebyaddr(). Fortunately, multiple PTR records are rare,
1444 but they can still exist. This function is now used only when a DNS lookup of
1445 the IP address fails, in order to give access to /etc/hosts.
1448 Returns: OK, DEFER, FAIL
1452 host_name_lookup_byaddr(void)
1456 struct hostent *hosts;
1457 struct in_addr addr;
1459 /* Lookup on IPv6 system */
1462 if (Ustrchr(sender_host_address, ':') != NULL)
1464 struct in6_addr addr6;
1465 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, CS sender_host_address, &addr6) != 1)
1466 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1467 "IPv6 address", sender_host_address);
1468 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1469 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6, &h_errno);
1471 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6);
1476 if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CS sender_host_address, &addr) != 1)
1477 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1478 "IPv4 address", sender_host_address);
1479 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1480 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET, &h_errno);
1482 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1486 /* Do lookup on IPv4 system */
1489 addr.s_addr = (S_ADDR_TYPE)inet_addr(CS sender_host_address);
1490 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS(&addr), sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1493 /* Failed to look up the host. */
1497 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup failed: h_errno=%d\n",
1499 return (h_errno == TRY_AGAIN || h_errno == NO_RECOVERY) ? DEFER : FAIL;
1502 /* It seems there are some records in the DNS that yield an empty name. We
1503 treat this as non-existent. In some operating systems, this is returned as an
1504 empty string; in others as a single dot. */
1506 if (hosts->h_name == NULL || hosts->h_name[0] == 0 || hosts->h_name[0] == '.')
1508 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an empty name: "
1509 "treated as non-existent host name\n");
1513 /* Copy and lowercase the name, which is in static storage in many systems.
1514 Put it in permanent memory. */
1516 s = (uschar *)hosts->h_name;
1517 len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1518 t = sender_host_name = store_get_perm(len);
1519 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1522 /* If the host has aliases, build a copy of the alias list */
1524 if (hosts->h_aliases != NULL)
1527 uschar **aliases, **ptr;
1528 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++) count++;
1529 ptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get_perm(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1530 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++)
1532 uschar *s = *aliases;
1533 int len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1534 uschar *t = *ptr++ = store_get_perm(len);
1535 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1546 /*************************************************
1547 * Find host name for incoming call *
1548 *************************************************/
1550 /* Put the name in permanent store, pointed to by sender_host_name. We also set
1551 up a list of alias names, pointed to by sender_host_alias. The list is
1552 NULL-terminated. The incoming address is in sender_host_address, either in
1553 dotted-quad form for IPv4 or in colon-separated form for IPv6.
1555 This function does a thorough check that the names it finds point back to the
1556 incoming IP address. Any that do not are discarded. Note that this is relied on
1557 by the ACL reverse_host_lookup check.
1559 On some systems, get{host,ipnode}byaddr() appears to do this internally, but
1560 this it not universally true. Also, for release 4.30, this function was changed
1561 to do a direct DNS lookup first, by default[1], because it turns out that that
1562 is the only guaranteed way to find all the aliases on some systems. My
1563 experiments indicate that Solaris gethostbyaddr() gives the aliases for but
1566 [1] The actual order is controlled by the host_lookup_order option.
1569 Returns: OK on success, the answer being placed in the global variable
1570 sender_host_name, with any aliases in a list hung off
1572 FAIL if no host name can be found
1573 DEFER if a temporary error was encountered
1575 The variable host_lookup_msg is set to an empty string on sucess, or to a
1576 reason for the failure otherwise, in a form suitable for tagging onto an error
1577 message, and also host_lookup_failed is set TRUE if the lookup failed. If there
1578 was a defer, host_lookup_deferred is set TRUE.
1580 Any dynamically constructed string for host_lookup_msg must be in permanent
1581 store, because it might be used for several incoming messages on the same SMTP
1585 host_name_lookup(void)
1589 uschar *hname, *save_hostname;
1593 uschar *list = host_lookup_order;
1598 sender_host_dnssec = host_lookup_deferred = host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
1600 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1601 debug_printf("looking up host name for %s\n", sender_host_address);
1603 /* For testing the case when a lookup does not complete, we have a special
1604 reserved IP address. */
1606 if (running_in_test_harness &&
1607 Ustrcmp(sender_host_address, "99.99.99.99") == 0)
1609 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1610 debug_printf("Test harness: host name lookup returns DEFER\n");
1611 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1615 /* Do lookups directly in the DNS or via gethostbyaddr() (or equivalent), in
1616 the order specified by the host_lookup_order option. */
1618 while ((ordername = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
1621 if (strcmpic(ordername, US"bydns") == 0)
1623 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE); /* dnssec ctrl by dns_dnssec_ok glbl */
1624 dns_build_reverse(sender_host_address, buffer);
1625 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, T_PTR, NULL);
1627 /* The first record we come across is used for the name; others are
1628 considered to be aliases. We have to scan twice, in order to find out the
1629 number of aliases. However, if all the names are empty, we will behave as
1630 if failure. (PTR records that yield empty names have been encountered in
1633 if (rc == DNS_SUCCEED)
1635 uschar **aptr = NULL;
1638 int old_pool = store_pool;
1640 /* Ideally we'd check DNSSEC both forward and reverse, but we use the
1641 gethost* routines for forward, so can't do that unless/until we rewrite. */
1642 sender_host_dnssec = dns_is_secure(&dnsa);
1644 debug_printf("Reverse DNS security status: %s\n",
1645 sender_host_dnssec ? "DNSSEC verified (AD)" : "unverified");
1647 store_pool = POOL_PERM; /* Save names in permanent storage */
1649 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1651 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1653 if (rr->type == T_PTR) count++;
1656 /* Get store for the list of aliases. For compatibility with
1657 gethostbyaddr, we make an empty list if there are none. */
1659 aptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1661 /* Re-scan and extract the names */
1663 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1665 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1668 if (rr->type != T_PTR) continue;
1669 s = store_get(ssize);
1671 /* If an overlong response was received, the data will have been
1672 truncated and dn_expand may fail. */
1674 if (dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen,
1675 (uschar *)(rr->data), (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)(s), ssize) < 0)
1677 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "host name alias list truncated for %s",
1678 sender_host_address);
1682 store_reset(s + Ustrlen(s) + 1);
1685 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an "
1686 "empty name: treated as non-existent host name\n");
1689 if (sender_host_name == NULL) sender_host_name = s;
1691 while (*s != 0) { *s = tolower(*s); s++; }
1694 *aptr = NULL; /* End of alias list */
1695 store_pool = old_pool; /* Reset store pool */
1697 /* If we've found a names, break out of the "order" loop */
1699 if (sender_host_name != NULL) break;
1702 /* If the DNS lookup deferred, we must also defer. */
1704 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN)
1706 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1707 debug_printf("IP address PTR lookup gave temporary error\n");
1708 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1713 /* Do a lookup using gethostbyaddr() - or equivalent */
1715 else if (strcmpic(ordername, US"byaddr") == 0)
1717 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1718 debug_printf("IP address lookup using gethostbyaddr()\n");
1719 rc = host_name_lookup_byaddr();
1722 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1723 return rc; /* Can't carry on */
1725 if (rc == OK) break; /* Found a name */
1727 } /* Loop for bydns/byaddr scanning */
1729 /* If we have failed to find a name, return FAIL and log when required.
1730 NB host_lookup_msg must be in permanent store. */
1732 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
1734 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
1735 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "no host name found for IP "
1736 "address %s", sender_host_address);
1737 host_lookup_msg = US" (failed to find host name from IP address)";
1738 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1742 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1744 uschar **aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1745 debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded \"%s\"\n", sender_host_name);
1746 while (*aliases != NULL) debug_printf(" alias \"%s\"\n", *aliases++);
1749 /* We need to verify that a forward lookup on the name we found does indeed
1750 correspond to the address. This is for security: in principle a malefactor who
1751 happened to own a reverse zone could set it to point to any names at all.
1753 This code was present in versions of Exim before 3.20. At that point I took it
1754 out because I thought that gethostbyaddr() did the check anyway. It turns out
1755 that this isn't always the case, so it's coming back in at 4.01. This version
1756 is actually better, because it also checks aliases.
1758 The code was made more robust at release 4.21. Prior to that, it accepted all
1759 the names if any of them had the correct IP address. Now the code checks all
1760 the names, and accepts only those that have the correct IP address. */
1762 save_hostname = sender_host_name; /* Save for error messages */
1763 aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1764 for (hname = sender_host_name; hname != NULL; hname = *aliases++)
1774 /* When called with the last argument FALSE, host_find_byname() won't return
1775 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. If the incoming address is an IPv4 address expressed in
1776 IPv6 format, we must compare the IPv4 part to any IPv4 addresses. */
1778 if ((rc = host_find_byname(&h, NULL, 0, NULL, FALSE)) == HOST_FOUND)
1781 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("checking addresses for %s\n", hname);
1782 for (hh = &h; hh != NULL; hh = hh->next)
1784 if (host_is_in_net(hh->address, sender_host_address, 0))
1786 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s OK\n", hh->address);
1792 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s\n", hh->address);
1795 if (!ok) HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1796 debug_printf("no IP address for %s matched %s\n", hname,
1797 sender_host_address);
1799 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
1801 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("temporary error for host name lookup\n");
1802 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1803 sender_host_name = NULL;
1808 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("no IP addresses found for %s\n", hname);
1811 /* If this name is no good, and it's the sender name, set it null pro tem;
1812 if it's an alias, just remove it from the list. */
1816 if (hname == sender_host_name) sender_host_name = NULL; else
1818 uschar **a; /* Don't amalgamate - some */
1819 a = --aliases; /* compilers grumble */
1820 while (*a != NULL) { *a = a[1]; a++; }
1825 /* If sender_host_name == NULL, it means we didn't like the name. Replace
1826 it with the first alias, if there is one. */
1828 if (sender_host_name == NULL && *sender_host_aliases != NULL)
1829 sender_host_name = *sender_host_aliases++;
1831 /* If we now have a main name, all is well. */
1833 if (sender_host_name != NULL) return OK;
1835 /* We have failed to find an address that matches. */
1837 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1838 debug_printf("%s does not match any IP address for %s\n",
1839 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1841 /* This message must be in permanent store */
1843 old_pool = store_pool;
1844 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
1845 host_lookup_msg = string_sprintf(" (%s does not match any IP address for %s)",
1846 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1847 store_pool = old_pool;
1848 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1855 /*************************************************
1856 * Find IP address(es) for host by name *
1857 *************************************************/
1859 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name filled in and the address
1860 field set to NULL. We use gethostbyname() or getipnodebyname() or
1861 gethostbyname2(), as appropriate. Of course, these functions may use the DNS,
1862 but they do not do MX processing. It appears, however, that in some systems the
1863 current setting of resolver options is used when one of these functions calls
1864 the resolver. For this reason, we call dns_init() at the start, with arguments
1865 influenced by bits in "flags", just as we do for host_find_bydns().
1867 The second argument provides a host list (usually an IP list) of hosts to
1868 ignore. This makes it possible to ignore IPv6 link-local addresses or loopback
1869 addresses in unreasonable places.
1871 The lookup may result in a change of name. For compatibility with the dns
1872 lookup, return this via fully_qualified_name as well as updating the host item.
1873 The lookup may also yield more than one IP address, in which case chain on
1874 subsequent host_item structures.
1877 host a host item with the name and MX filled in;
1878 the address is to be filled in;
1879 multiple IP addresses cause other host items to be
1881 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
1882 flags HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE ) passed to
1883 HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS ) dns_init()
1884 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, set to point to host name for
1885 compatibility with host_find_bydns
1886 local_host_check TRUE if a check for the local host is wanted
1888 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain
1889 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Try again later
1890 HOST_FOUND Host found - data filled in
1891 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL Host found and is the local host
1895 host_find_byname(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts, int flags,
1896 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL local_host_check)
1898 int i, yield, times;
1900 host_item *last = NULL;
1901 BOOL temp_error = FALSE;
1906 /* If we are in the test harness, a name ending in .test.again.dns always
1907 forces a temporary error response, unless the name is in
1908 dns_again_means_nonexist. */
1910 if (running_in_test_harness)
1912 uschar *endname = host->name + Ustrlen(host->name);
1913 if (Ustrcmp(endname - 14, "test.again.dns") == 0) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
1916 /* Make sure DNS options are set as required. This appears to be necessary in
1917 some circumstances when the get..byname() function actually calls the DNS. */
1919 dns_init((flags & HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE) != 0,
1920 (flags & HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS) != 0,
1921 FALSE); /*XXX dnssec? */
1923 /* In an IPv6 world, unless IPv6 has been disabled, we need to scan for both
1924 kinds of address, so go round the loop twice. Note that we have ensured that
1925 AF_INET6 is defined even in an IPv4 world, which makes for slightly tidier
1926 code. However, if dns_ipv4_lookup matches the domain, we also just do IPv4
1927 lookups here (except when testing standalone). */
1934 (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
1935 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
1939 { af = AF_INET; times = 1; }
1941 { af = AF_INET6; times = 2; }
1943 /* No IPv6 support */
1945 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1947 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1949 /* Initialize the flag that gets set for DNS syntax check errors, so that the
1950 interface to this function can be similar to host_find_bydns. */
1952 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
1954 /* Loop to look up both kinds of address in an IPv6 world */
1956 for (i = 1; i <= times;
1958 af = AF_INET, /* If 2 passes, IPv4 on the second */
1964 struct hostent *hostdata;
1967 printf("Looking up: %s\n", host->name);
1971 if (running_in_test_harness)
1972 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, af, &error_num);
1975 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
1976 hostdata = getipnodebyname(CS host->name, af, 0, &error_num);
1978 hostdata = gethostbyname2(CS host->name, af);
1979 error_num = h_errno;
1983 #else /* not HAVE_IPV6 */
1984 if (running_in_test_harness)
1985 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, AF_INET, &error_num);
1988 hostdata = gethostbyname(CS host->name);
1989 error_num = h_errno;
1991 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1993 if (hostdata == NULL)
1998 case HOST_NOT_FOUND: error = US"HOST_NOT_FOUND"; break;
1999 case TRY_AGAIN: error = US"TRY_AGAIN"; break;
2000 case NO_RECOVERY: error = US"NO_RECOVERY"; break;
2001 case NO_DATA: error = US"NO_DATA"; break;
2002 #if NO_DATA != NO_ADDRESS
2003 case NO_ADDRESS: error = US"NO_ADDRESS"; break;
2005 default: error = US"?"; break;
2008 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s returned %d (%s)\n",
2010 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
2011 (af == AF_INET6)? "getipnodebyname(af=inet6)" : "getipnodebyname(af=inet)",
2013 (af == AF_INET6)? "gethostbyname2(af=inet6)" : "gethostbyname2(af=inet)",
2020 if (error_num == TRY_AGAIN || error_num == NO_RECOVERY) temp_error = TRUE;
2023 if ((hostdata->h_addr_list)[0] == NULL) continue;
2025 /* Replace the name with the fully qualified one if necessary, and fill in
2026 the fully_qualified_name pointer. */
2028 if (hostdata->h_name[0] != 0 &&
2029 Ustrcmp(host->name, hostdata->h_name) != 0)
2030 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain((uschar *)hostdata->h_name);
2031 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2033 /* Get the list of addresses. IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be distinguished
2034 by their different lengths. Scan the list, ignoring any that are to be
2035 ignored, and build a chain from the rest. */
2037 ipv4_addr = hostdata->h_length == sizeof(struct in_addr);
2039 for (addrlist = USS hostdata->h_addr_list; *addrlist != NULL; addrlist++)
2041 uschar *text_address =
2042 host_ntoa(ipv4_addr? AF_INET:AF_INET6, *addrlist, NULL, NULL);
2045 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2046 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2047 text_address, NULL) == OK)
2049 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2050 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, text_address);
2055 /* If this is the first address, last == NULL and we put the data in the
2060 host->address = text_address;
2061 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2062 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2063 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2064 host->dnssec = DS_UNK;
2068 /* Else add further host item blocks for any other addresses, keeping
2073 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2074 next->name = host->name;
2075 next->mx = host->mx;
2076 next->address = text_address;
2077 next->port = PORT_NONE;
2078 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2079 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2080 next->dnssec = DS_UNK;
2082 next->next = last->next;
2089 /* If no hosts were found, the address field in the original host block will be
2090 NULL. If temp_error is set, at least one of the lookups gave a temporary error,
2091 so we pass that back. */
2093 if (host->address == NULL)
2097 (message_id[0] == 0 && smtp_in != NULL)?
2098 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s (during %s)", host->name,
2099 smtp_get_connection_info()) :
2101 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s", host->name);
2103 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s\n", msg);
2104 if (temp_error) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
2105 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
2106 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "%s", msg);
2107 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2110 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses, then check to see if this is the local
2111 host if required. */
2113 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
2114 yield = local_host_check?
2115 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, NULL) : HOST_FOUND;
2117 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2120 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2121 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2122 debug_printf("%s looked up these IP addresses:\n",
2124 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
2133 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2134 debug_printf(" name=%s address=%s\n", h->name,
2135 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address);
2138 /* Return the found status. */
2142 /* Handle the case when there is a temporary error. If the name matches
2143 dns_again_means_nonexist, return permanent rather than temporary failure. */
2149 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
2150 deliver_domain = host->name; /* set $domain */
2151 rc = match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_again_means_nonexist, 0, NULL, NULL,
2152 MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
2153 deliver_domain = save;
2156 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s is in dns_again_means_nonexist: "
2157 "returning HOST_FIND_FAILED\n", host->name);
2158 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2161 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2167 /*************************************************
2168 * Fill in a host address from the DNS *
2169 *************************************************/
2171 /* Given a host item, with its name, port and mx fields set, and its address
2172 field set to NULL, fill in its IP address from the DNS. If it is multi-homed,
2173 create additional host items for the additional addresses, copying all the
2174 other fields, and randomizing the order.
2176 On IPv6 systems, A6 records are sought first (but only if support for A6 is
2177 configured - they may never become mainstream), then AAAA records are sought,
2178 and finally A records are sought as well.
2180 The host name may be changed if the DNS returns a different name - e.g. fully
2181 qualified or changed via CNAME. If fully_qualified_name is not NULL, dns_lookup
2182 ensures that it points to the fully qualified name. However, this is the fully
2183 qualified version of the original name; if a CNAME is involved, the actual
2184 canonical host name may be different again, and so we get it directly from the
2185 relevant RR. Note that we do NOT change the mx field of the host item in this
2186 function as it may be called to set the addresses of hosts taken from MX
2190 host points to the host item we're filling in
2191 lastptr points to pointer to last host item in a chain of
2192 host items (may be updated if host is last and gets
2193 extended because multihomed)
2194 ignore_target_hosts list of hosts to ignore
2195 allow_ip if TRUE, recognize an IP address and return it
2196 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully qualified name here if
2197 the contents are different (i.e. it must be preset
2199 dnnssec_require if TRUE check the DNS result AD bit
2201 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED couldn't find A record
2202 HOST_FIND_AGAIN try again later
2203 HOST_FOUND found AAAA and/or A record(s)
2204 HOST_IGNORED found, but all IPs ignored
2208 set_address_from_dns(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr,
2209 uschar *ignore_target_hosts, BOOL allow_ip, uschar **fully_qualified_name,
2210 BOOL dnssec_request, BOOL dnssec_require)
2213 host_item *thishostlast = NULL; /* Indicates not yet filled in anything */
2214 BOOL v6_find_again = FALSE;
2217 /* If allow_ip is set, a name which is an IP address returns that value
2218 as its address. This is used for MX records when allow_mx_to_ip is set, for
2219 those sites that feel they have to flaunt the RFC rules. */
2221 if (allow_ip && string_is_ip_address(host->name, NULL) != 0)
2224 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2225 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2226 host->name, NULL) == OK)
2227 return HOST_IGNORED;
2230 host->address = host->name;
2234 /* On an IPv6 system, unless IPv6 is disabled, go round the loop up to three
2235 times, looking for A6 and AAAA records the first two times. However, unless
2236 doing standalone testing, we force an IPv4 lookup if the domain matches
2237 dns_ipv4_lookup is set. Since A6 records look like being abandoned, support
2238 them only if explicitly configured to do so. On an IPv4 system, go round the
2239 loop once only, looking only for A records. */
2243 if (disable_ipv6 || (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
2244 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2246 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2248 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
2251 i = 2; /* look up A6 and AAAA and A records */
2253 i = 1; /* look up AAAA and A records */
2254 #endif /* SUPPORT_A6 */
2256 /* The IPv4 world */
2258 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2259 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2260 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2264 static int types[] = { T_A, T_AAAA, T_A6 };
2265 int type = types[i];
2266 int randoffset = (i == 0)? 500 : 0; /* Ensures v6 sorts before v4 */
2270 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, type, fully_qualified_name);
2271 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = !dnssec_request ? NULL
2272 : dns_is_secure(&dnsa) ? US"yes" : US"no";
2274 /* We want to return HOST_FIND_AGAIN if one of the A, A6, or AAAA lookups
2275 fails or times out, but not if another one succeeds. (In the early
2276 IPv6 days there are name servers that always fail on AAAA, but are happy
2277 to give out an A record. We want to proceed with that A record.) */
2279 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2281 if (i == 0) /* Just tried for an A record, i.e. end of loop */
2283 if (host->address != NULL) return HOST_FOUND; /* A6 or AAAA was found */
2284 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN || rc == DNS_FAIL || v6_find_again)
2285 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2286 return HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* DNS_NOMATCH or DNS_NODATA */
2289 /* Tried for an A6 or AAAA record: remember if this was a temporary
2290 error, and look for the next record type. */
2292 if (rc != DNS_NOMATCH && rc != DNS_NODATA) v6_find_again = TRUE;
2298 if (dns_is_secure(&dnsa))
2300 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s A DNSSEC\n", host->name);
2301 if (host->dnssec == DS_UNK) /* set in host_find_bydns() */
2302 host->dnssec = DS_YES;
2308 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN,
2309 "dnssec fail on %s for %.256s",
2310 i>1 ? "A6" : i>0 ? "AAAA" : "A", host->name);
2313 if (host->dnssec == DS_YES) /* set in host_find_bydns() */
2315 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s A cancel DNSSEC\n", host->name);
2316 host->dnssec = DS_NO;
2317 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = US"no";
2322 /* Lookup succeeded: fill in the given host item with the first non-ignored
2323 address found; create additional items for any others. A single A6 record
2324 may generate more than one address. */
2326 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2328 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2330 if (rr->type == type)
2332 /* dns_address *da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr); */
2335 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
2337 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2340 debug_printf("no addresses extracted from A6 RR for %s\n",
2344 /* This loop runs only once for A and AAAA records, but may run
2345 several times for an A6 record that generated multiple addresses. */
2347 for (; da != NULL; da = da->next)
2350 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2351 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL,
2352 host->name, da->address, NULL) == OK)
2354 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2355 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, da->address);
2360 /* If this is the first address, stick it in the given host block,
2361 and change the name if the returned RR has a different name. */
2363 if (thishostlast == NULL)
2365 if (strcmpic(host->name, rr->name) != 0)
2366 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(rr->name);
2367 host->address = da->address;
2368 host->sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2369 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2370 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2371 thishostlast = host;
2374 /* Not the first address. Check for, and ignore, duplicates. Then
2375 insert in the chain at a random point. */
2382 /* End of our local chain is specified by "thishostlast". */
2384 for (next = host;; next = next->next)
2386 if (Ustrcmp(CS da->address, next->address) == 0) break;
2387 if (next == thishostlast) { next = NULL; break; }
2389 if (next != NULL) continue; /* With loop for next address */
2391 /* Not a duplicate */
2393 new_sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2394 next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2396 /* New address goes first: insert the new block after the first one
2397 (so as not to disturb the original pointer) but put the new address
2398 in the original block. */
2400 if (new_sort_key < host->sort_key)
2402 *next = *host; /* Copies port */
2404 host->address = da->address;
2405 host->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2406 if (thishostlast == host) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2407 if (*lastptr == host) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2410 /* Otherwise scan down the addresses for this host to find the
2411 one to insert after. */
2415 host_item *h = host;
2416 while (h != thishostlast)
2418 if (new_sort_key < h->next->sort_key) break;
2421 *next = *h; /* Copies port */
2423 next->address = da->address;
2424 next->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2425 if (h == thishostlast) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2426 if (h == *lastptr) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2434 /* Control gets here only if the third lookup (the A record) succeeded.
2435 However, the address may not be filled in if it was ignored. */
2437 return (host->address == NULL)? HOST_IGNORED : HOST_FOUND;
2443 /*************************************************
2444 * Find IP addresses and host names via DNS *
2445 *************************************************/
2447 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name field filled in and the
2448 address field set to NULL. This may be in a chain of other host items. The
2449 lookup may result in more than one IP address, in which case we must created
2450 new host blocks for the additional addresses, and insert them into the chain.
2451 The original name may not be fully qualified. Use the fully_qualified_name
2452 argument to return the official name, as returned by the resolver.
2455 host point to initial host item
2456 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
2457 whichrrs flags indicating which RRs to look for:
2458 HOST_FIND_BY_SRV => look for SRV
2459 HOST_FIND_BY_MX => look for MX
2460 HOST_FIND_BY_A => look for A or AAAA
2461 also flags indicating how the lookup is done
2462 HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE ) passed to the
2463 HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS ) resolver
2464 srv_service when SRV used, the service name
2465 srv_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2466 mx_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2467 dnssec_request_domains => make dnssec request
2468 dnssec_require_domains => ditto and nonexist failures
2469 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully-qualified name
2470 removed set TRUE if local host was removed from the list
2472 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain;
2473 if there was a syntax error,
2474 host_find_failed_syntax is set.
2475 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Could not resolve at this time
2476 HOST_FOUND Host found
2477 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL The lowest MX record points to this
2478 machine, if MX records were found, or
2479 an A record that was found contains
2480 an address of the local host
2484 host_find_bydns(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts, int whichrrs,
2485 uschar *srv_service, uschar *srv_fail_domains, uschar *mx_fail_domains,
2486 uschar *dnssec_request_domains, uschar *dnssec_require_domains,
2487 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL *removed)
2489 host_item *h, *last;
2496 BOOL dnssec_require = match_isinlist(host->name, &dnssec_require_domains,
2497 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL) == OK;
2498 BOOL dnssec_request = dnssec_require
2499 || match_isinlist(host->name, &dnssec_request_domains,
2500 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL) == OK;
2501 dnssec_status_t dnssec;
2503 /* Set the default fully qualified name to the incoming name, initialize the
2504 resolver if necessary, set up the relevant options, and initialize the flag
2505 that gets set for DNS syntax check errors. */
2507 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2508 dns_init((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE) != 0,
2509 (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS) != 0,
2512 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
2514 /* First, if requested, look for SRV records. The service name is given; we
2515 assume TCP progocol. DNS domain names are constrained to a maximum of 256
2516 characters, so the code below should be safe. */
2518 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_SRV) != 0)
2521 uschar *temp_fully_qualified_name = buffer;
2524 (void)sprintf(CS buffer, "_%s._tcp.%n%.256s", srv_service, &prefix_length,
2528 /* Search for SRV records. If the fully qualified name is different to
2529 the input name, pass back the new original domain, without the prepended
2533 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = NULL;
2534 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, ind_type, &temp_fully_qualified_name);
2538 if (dns_is_secure(&dnsa))
2539 { dnssec = DS_YES; lookup_dnssec_authenticated = US"yes"; }
2541 { dnssec = DS_NO; lookup_dnssec_authenticated = US"no"; }
2544 if (temp_fully_qualified_name != buffer && fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2545 *fully_qualified_name = temp_fully_qualified_name + prefix_length;
2547 /* On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2548 listed as one for which we continue. */
2550 if (rc == DNS_SUCCEED && dnssec_require && !dns_is_secure(&dnsa))
2552 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN,
2553 "dnssec fail on SRV for %.256s", host->name);
2556 if (rc == DNS_FAIL || rc == DNS_AGAIN)
2559 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &srv_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2562 { yield = HOST_FIND_AGAIN; goto out; }
2563 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2564 "(domain in srv_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2568 /* If we did not find any SRV records, search the DNS for MX records, if
2569 requested to do so. If the result is DNS_NOMATCH, it means there is no such
2570 domain, and there's no point in going on to look for address records with the
2571 same domain. The result will be DNS_NODATA if the domain exists but has no MX
2572 records. On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2573 listed as one for which we continue. */
2575 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED && (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_MX) != 0)
2579 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = NULL;
2580 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, ind_type, fully_qualified_name);
2584 if (dns_is_secure(&dnsa))
2586 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s MX DNSSEC\n", host->name);
2587 dnssec = DS_YES; lookup_dnssec_authenticated = US"yes";
2591 dnssec = DS_NO; lookup_dnssec_authenticated = US"no";
2598 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED; goto out;
2601 if (!dnssec_require || dns_is_secure(&dnsa))
2603 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN,
2604 "dnssec fail on MX for %.256s", host->name);
2611 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &mx_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2614 { yield = HOST_FIND_AGAIN; goto out; }
2615 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2616 "(domain in mx_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2621 /* If we haven't found anything yet, and we are requested to do so, try for an
2622 A or AAAA record. If we find it (or them) check to see that it isn't the local
2625 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2627 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_A) == 0)
2629 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("Address records are not being sought\n");
2630 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2634 last = host; /* End of local chainlet */
2636 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2637 host->dnssec = DS_UNK;
2638 lookup_dnssec_authenticated = NULL;
2639 rc = set_address_from_dns(host, &last, ignore_target_hosts, FALSE,
2640 fully_qualified_name, dnssec_request, dnssec_require);
2642 /* If one or more address records have been found, check that none of them
2643 are local. Since we know the host items all have their IP addresses
2644 inserted, host_scan_for_local_hosts() can only return HOST_FOUND or
2645 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. We do not need to scan for duplicate IP addresses here,
2646 because set_address_from_dns() removes them. */
2648 if (rc == HOST_FOUND)
2649 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
2651 if (rc == HOST_IGNORED) rc = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* No special action */
2653 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2656 if (host->address != NULL)
2658 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2659 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2660 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2661 debug_printf("%s %s mx=%d sort=%d %s\n", h->name,
2662 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx, h->sort_key,
2663 (h->status >= hstatus_unusable)? US"*" : US"");
2671 /* We have found one or more MX or SRV records. Sort them according to
2672 precedence. Put the data for the first one into the existing host block, and
2673 insert new host_item blocks into the chain for the remainder. For equal
2674 precedences one is supposed to randomize the order. To make this happen, the
2675 sorting is actually done on the MX value * 1000 + a random number. This is put
2676 into a host field called sort_key.
2678 In the case of hosts with both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses, we want to choose the
2679 IPv6 address in preference. At this stage, we don't know what kind of address
2680 the host has. We choose a random number < 500; if later we find an A record
2681 first, we add 500 to the random number. Then for any other address records, we
2682 use random numbers in the range 0-499 for AAAA records and 500-999 for A
2685 At this point we remove any duplicates that point to the same host, retaining
2686 only the one with the lowest precedence. We cannot yet check for precedence
2687 greater than that of the local host, because that test cannot be properly done
2688 until the addresses have been found - an MX record may point to a name for this
2689 host which is not the primary hostname. */
2691 last = NULL; /* Indicates that not even the first item is filled yet */
2693 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2695 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2698 int weight = 0; /* For SRV records */
2699 int port = PORT_NONE;
2700 uschar *s; /* MUST be unsigned for GETSHORT */
2703 if (rr->type != ind_type) continue;
2705 GETSHORT(precedence, s); /* Pointer s is advanced */
2707 /* For MX records, we use a random "weight" which causes multiple records of
2708 the same precedence to sort randomly. */
2710 if (ind_type == T_MX)
2711 weight = random_number(500);
2713 /* SRV records are specified with a port and a weight. The weight is used
2714 in a special algorithm. However, to start with, we just use it to order the
2715 records of equal priority (precedence). */
2719 GETSHORT(weight, s);
2723 /* Get the name of the host pointed to. */
2725 (void)dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen, s,
2726 (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)data, sizeof(data));
2728 /* Check that we haven't already got this host on the chain; if we have,
2729 keep only the lower precedence. This situation shouldn't occur, but you
2730 never know what junk might get into the DNS (and this case has been seen on
2731 more than one occasion). */
2733 if (last != NULL) /* This is not the first record */
2735 host_item *prev = NULL;
2737 for (h = host; h != last->next; prev = h, h = h->next)
2739 if (strcmpic(h->name, data) == 0)
2741 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2742 debug_printf("discarded duplicate host %s (MX=%d)\n", data,
2743 (precedence > h->mx)? precedence : h->mx);
2744 if (precedence >= h->mx) goto NEXT_MX_RR; /* Skip greater precedence */
2745 if (h == host) /* Override first item */
2748 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2752 /* Unwanted host item is not the first in the chain, so we can get
2753 get rid of it by cutting it out. */
2755 prev->next = h->next;
2756 if (h == last) last = prev;
2762 /* If this is the first MX or SRV record, put the data into the existing host
2763 block. Otherwise, add a new block in the correct place; if it has to be
2764 before the first block, copy the first block's data to a new second block. */
2768 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2769 host->address = NULL;
2771 host->mx = precedence;
2772 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2773 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2774 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2775 host->dnssec = dnssec;
2779 /* Make a new host item and seek the correct insertion place */
2783 int sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2784 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2785 next->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2786 next->address = NULL;
2788 next->mx = precedence;
2789 next->sort_key = sort_key;
2790 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2791 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2792 next->dnssec = dnssec;
2795 /* Handle the case when we have to insert before the first item. */
2797 if (sort_key < host->sort_key)
2804 if (last == host) last = next;
2807 /* Else scan down the items we have inserted as part of this exercise;
2808 don't go further. */
2812 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
2814 if (sort_key < h->next->sort_key)
2816 next->next = h->next;
2822 /* Join on after the last host item that's part of this
2823 processing if we haven't stopped sooner. */
2827 next->next = last->next;
2834 NEXT_MX_RR: continue;
2837 /* If the list of hosts was obtained from SRV records, there are two things to
2838 do. First, if there is only one host, and it's name is ".", it means there is
2839 no SMTP service at this domain. Otherwise, we have to sort the hosts of equal
2840 priority according to their weights, using an algorithm that is defined in RFC
2841 2782. The hosts are currently sorted by priority and weight. For each priority
2842 group we have to pick off one host and put it first, and then repeat for any
2843 remaining in the same priority group. */
2845 if (ind_type == T_SRV)
2849 if (host == last && host->name[0] == 0)
2851 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("the single SRV record is \".\"\n");
2852 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2856 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2858 debug_printf("original ordering of hosts from SRV records:\n");
2859 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2860 debug_printf(" %s P=%d W=%d\n", h->name, h->mx, h->sort_key % 1000);
2863 for (pptr = &host, h = host; h != last; pptr = &(h->next), h = h->next)
2868 /* Find the last following host that has the same precedence. At the same
2869 time, compute the sum of the weights and the running totals. These can be
2870 stored in the sort_key field. */
2872 for (hh = h; hh != last; hh = hh->next)
2874 int weight = hh->sort_key % 1000; /* was precedence * 1000 + weight */
2877 if (hh->mx != hh->next->mx) break;
2880 /* If there's more than one host at this precedence (priority), we need to
2881 pick one to go first. */
2887 int randomizer = random_number(sum + 1);
2889 for (ppptr = pptr, hhh = h;
2891 ppptr = &(hhh->next), hhh = hhh->next)
2893 if (hhh->sort_key >= randomizer) break;
2896 /* hhh now points to the host that should go first; ppptr points to the
2897 place that points to it. Unfortunately, if the start of the minilist is
2898 the start of the entire list, we can't just swap the items over, because
2899 we must not change the value of host, since it is passed in from outside.
2900 One day, this could perhaps be changed.
2902 The special case is fudged by putting the new item *second* in the chain,
2903 and then transferring the data between the first and second items. We
2904 can't just swap the first and the chosen item, because that would mean
2905 that an item with zero weight might no longer be first. */
2909 *ppptr = hhh->next; /* Cuts it out of the chain */
2913 host_item temp = *h;
2916 hhh->next = temp.next;
2922 hhh->next = h; /* The rest of the chain follows it */
2923 *pptr = hhh; /* It takes the place of h */
2924 h = hhh; /* It's now the start of this minilist */
2929 /* A host has been chosen to be first at this priority and h now points
2930 to this host. There may be others at the same priority, or others at a
2931 different priority. Before we leave this host, we need to put back a sort
2932 key of the traditional MX kind, in case this host is multihomed, because
2933 the sort key is used for ordering the multiple IP addresses. We do not need
2934 to ensure that these new sort keys actually reflect the order of the hosts,
2937 h->sort_key = h->mx * 1000 + random_number(500);
2938 } /* Move on to the next host */
2941 /* Now we have to find IP addresses for all the hosts. We have ensured above
2942 that the names in all the host items are unique. Before release 4.61 we used to
2943 process records from the additional section in the DNS packet that returned the
2944 MX or SRV records. However, a DNS name server is free to drop any resource
2945 records from the additional section. In theory, this has always been a
2946 potential problem, but it is exacerbated by the advent of IPv6. If a host had
2947 several IPv4 addresses and some were not in the additional section, at least
2948 Exim would try the others. However, if a host had both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
2949 and all the IPv4 (say) addresses were absent, Exim would try only for a IPv6
2950 connection, and never try an IPv4 address. When there was only IPv4
2951 connectivity, this was a disaster that did in practice occur.
2953 So, from release 4.61 onwards, we always search for A and AAAA records
2954 explicitly. The names shouldn't point to CNAMES, but we use the general lookup
2955 function that handles them, just in case. If any lookup gives a soft error,
2956 change the default yield.
2958 For these DNS lookups, we must disable qualify_single and search_parents;
2959 otherwise invalid host names obtained from MX or SRV records can cause trouble
2960 if they happen to match something local. */
2962 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* Default yield */
2963 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE, /* Disable qualify_single and search_parents */
2964 dnssec_request || dnssec_require);
2966 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2968 if (h->address != NULL) continue; /* Inserted by a multihomed host */
2969 rc = set_address_from_dns(h, &last, ignore_target_hosts, allow_mx_to_ip,
2970 NULL, dnssec_request, dnssec_require);
2971 if (rc != HOST_FOUND)
2973 h->status = hstatus_unusable;
2974 if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
2977 h->why = hwhy_deferred;
2980 h->why = (rc == HOST_IGNORED)? hwhy_ignored : hwhy_failed;
2984 /* Scan the list for any hosts that are marked unusable because they have
2985 been explicitly ignored, and remove them from the list, as if they did not
2986 exist. If we end up with just a single, ignored host, flatten its fields as if
2987 nothing was found. */
2989 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL)
2991 host_item *prev = NULL;
2992 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2995 if (h->why != hwhy_ignored) /* Non ignored host, just continue */
2997 else if (prev == NULL) /* First host is ignored */
2999 if (h != last) /* First is not last */
3001 if (h->next == last) last = h; /* Overwrite it with next */
3002 *h = *(h->next); /* and reprocess it. */
3003 goto REDO; /* C should have redo, like Perl */
3006 else /* Ignored host is not first - */
3008 prev->next = h->next;
3009 if (h == last) last = prev;
3013 if (host->why == hwhy_ignored) host->address = NULL;
3016 /* There is still one complication in the case of IPv6. Although the code above
3017 arranges that IPv6 addresses take precedence over IPv4 addresses for multihomed
3018 hosts, it doesn't do this for addresses that apply to different hosts with the
3019 same MX precedence, because the sorting on MX precedence happens first. So we
3020 have to make another pass to check for this case. We ensure that, within a
3021 single MX preference value, IPv6 addresses come first. This can separate the
3022 addresses of a multihomed host, but that should not matter. */
3025 if (h != last && !disable_ipv6)
3027 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
3030 host_item *next = h->next;
3031 if (h->mx != next->mx || /* If next is different MX */
3032 h->address == NULL || /* OR this one is unset */
3033 Ustrchr(h->address, ':') != NULL || /* OR this one is IPv6 */
3034 (next->address != NULL &&
3035 Ustrchr(next->address, ':') == NULL)) /* OR next is IPv4 */
3036 continue; /* move on to next */
3037 temp = *h; /* otherwise, swap */
3038 temp.next = next->next;
3046 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses and then scan the list of hosts for any
3047 whose IP addresses are on the local host. If any are found, all hosts with the
3048 same or higher MX values are removed. However, if the local host has the lowest
3049 numbered MX, then HOST_FOUND_LOCAL is returned. Otherwise, if at least one host
3050 with an IP address is on the list, HOST_FOUND is returned. Otherwise,
3051 HOST_FIND_FAILED is returned, but in this case do not update the yield, as it
3052 might have been set to HOST_FIND_AGAIN just above here. If not, it will already
3053 be HOST_FIND_FAILED. */
3055 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
3056 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
3057 if (rc != HOST_FIND_FAILED) yield = rc;
3059 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
3061 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
3062 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
3063 debug_printf("host_find_bydns yield = %s (%d); returned hosts:\n",
3064 (yield == HOST_FOUND)? "HOST_FOUND" :
3065 (yield == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL)? "HOST_FOUND_LOCAL" :
3066 (yield == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)? "HOST_FIND_AGAIN" :
3067 (yield == HOST_FIND_FAILED)? "HOST_FIND_FAILED" : "?",
3069 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
3071 debug_printf(" %s %s MX=%d %s", h->name,
3072 !h->address ? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx,
3073 h->dnssec == DS_YES ? US"DNSSEC " : US"");
3074 if (h->port != PORT_NONE) debug_printf("port=%d ", h->port);
3075 if (h->status >= hstatus_unusable) debug_printf("*");
3082 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE); /* clear the dnssec bit for getaddrbyname */
3089 /*************************************************
3090 **************************************************
3091 * Stand-alone test program *
3092 **************************************************
3093 *************************************************/
3097 int main(int argc, char **cargv)
3100 int whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3101 BOOL byname = FALSE;
3102 BOOL qualify_single = TRUE;
3103 BOOL search_parents = FALSE;
3104 BOOL request_dnssec = FALSE;
3105 BOOL require_dnssec = FALSE;
3106 uschar **argv = USS cargv;
3109 disable_ipv6 = FALSE;
3110 primary_hostname = US"";
3111 store_pool = POOL_MAIN;
3112 debug_selector = D_host_lookup|D_interface;
3113 debug_file = stdout;
3114 debug_fd = fileno(debug_file);
3116 printf("Exim stand-alone host functions test\n");
3118 host_find_interfaces();
3119 debug_selector = D_host_lookup | D_dns;
3121 if (argc > 1) primary_hostname = argv[1];
3123 /* So that debug level changes can be done first */
3125 dns_init(qualify_single, search_parents, FALSE);
3127 printf("Testing host lookup\n");
3129 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3132 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3133 uschar *fully_qualified_name;
3135 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3138 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3140 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "byname") == 0) byname = TRUE;
3141 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_byname") == 0) byname = FALSE;
3142 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "a_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3143 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "mx_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3144 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV;
3145 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+a") == 0)
3146 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3147 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx") == 0)
3148 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3149 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx+a") == 0)
3150 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3151 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = TRUE;
3152 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = FALSE;
3153 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "search_parents") == 0) search_parents = TRUE;
3154 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_search_parents") == 0) search_parents = FALSE;
3155 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "request_dnssec") == 0) request_dnssec = TRUE;
3156 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_request_dnssec") == 0) request_dnssec = FALSE;
3157 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "require_dnssec") == 0) require_dnssec = TRUE;
3158 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_reqiret_dnssec") == 0) require_dnssec = FALSE;
3159 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "test_harness") == 0)
3160 running_in_test_harness = !running_in_test_harness;
3161 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "ipv6") == 0) disable_ipv6 = !disable_ipv6;
3162 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "res_debug") == 0)
3164 _res.options ^= RES_DEBUG;
3166 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retrans", 7) == 0)
3168 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+8), "%d", &dns_retrans);
3169 _res.retrans = dns_retrans;
3171 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retry", 5) == 0)
3173 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+6), "%d", &dns_retry);
3174 _res.retry = dns_retry;
3178 int flags = whichrrs;
3184 h.status = hstatus_unknown;
3185 h.why = hwhy_unknown;
3188 if (qualify_single) flags |= HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE;
3189 if (search_parents) flags |= HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS;
3192 ? host_find_byname(&h, NULL, flags, &fully_qualified_name, TRUE)
3193 : host_find_bydns(&h, NULL, flags, US"smtp", NULL, NULL,
3194 request_dnssec ? &h.name : NULL,
3195 require_dnssec ? &h.name : NULL,
3196 &fully_qualified_name, NULL);
3198 if (rc == HOST_FIND_FAILED) printf("Failed\n");
3199 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN) printf("Again\n");
3200 else if (rc == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL) printf("Local\n");
3206 printf("Testing host_aton\n");
3208 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3212 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3214 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3217 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3219 len = host_aton(buffer, x);
3220 printf("length = %d ", len);
3221 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
3223 printf("%04x ", (x[i] >> 16) & 0xffff);
3224 printf("%04x ", x[i] & 0xffff);
3231 printf("Testing host_name_lookup\n");
3233 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3235 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3236 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3238 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3239 sender_host_address = buffer;
3240 sender_host_name = NULL;
3241 sender_host_aliases = NULL;
3242 host_lookup_msg = US"";
3243 host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
3244 if (host_name_lookup() == FAIL) /* Debug causes printing */
3245 printf("Lookup failed:%s\n", host_lookup_msg);
3253 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */