1 /* $Cambridge: exim/src/src/host.c,v 1.24 2006/04/04 11:18:31 ph10 Exp $ */
3 /*************************************************
4 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
5 *************************************************/
7 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2006 */
8 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
10 /* Functions for finding hosts, either by gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), or
11 directly via the DNS. When IPv6 is supported, getipnodebyname() and
12 getipnodebyaddr() may be used instead of gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr(),
13 if the newer functions are available. This module also contains various other
14 functions concerned with hosts and addresses, and a random number function,
15 used for randomizing hosts with equal MXs but available for use in other parts
22 /* Static variable for preserving the list of interface addresses in case it is
23 used more than once. */
25 static ip_address_item *local_interface_data = NULL;
28 #ifdef USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
29 /*************************************************
30 * Replacement for broken inet_ntoa() *
31 *************************************************/
33 /* On IRIX systems, gcc uses a different structure passing convention to the
34 native libraries. This causes inet_ntoa() to always yield 0.0.0.0 or
35 255.255.255.255. To get round this, we provide a private version of the
36 function here. It is used only if USE_INET_NTOA_FIX is set, which should happen
37 only when gcc is in use on an IRIX system. Code send to me by J.T. Breitner,
41 as seen in comp.sys.sgi.admin
43 August 2005: Apparently this is also needed for AIX systems; USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
44 should now be set for them as well.
46 Arguments: sa an in_addr structure
47 Returns: pointer to static text string
51 inet_ntoa(struct in_addr sa)
53 static uschar addr[20];
54 sprintf(addr, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
65 /*************************************************
66 * Random number generator *
67 *************************************************/
69 /* This is a simple pseudo-random number generator. It does not have to be
70 very good for the uses to which it is put. When running the regression tests,
71 start with a fixed seed.
74 limit: one more than the largest number required
76 Returns: a pseudo-random number in the range 0 to limit-1
80 random_number(int limit)
84 if (running_in_test_harness) random_seed = 42; else
86 int p = (int)getpid();
87 random_seed = (int)time(NULL) ^ ((p << 16) | p);
90 random_seed = 1103515245 * random_seed + 12345;
91 return (unsigned int)(random_seed >> 16) % limit;
96 /*************************************************
97 * Replace gethostbyname() when testing *
98 *************************************************/
100 /* This function is called instead of gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), or
101 getipnodebyname() when running in the test harness. It recognizes the name
102 "manyhome.test.ex" and generates a humungous number of IP addresses. It also
103 recognizes an unqualified "localhost" and forces it to the appropriate loopback
104 address. IP addresses are treated as literals. For other names, it uses the DNS
105 to find the host name. In the test harness, this means it will access only the
109 name the host name or a textual IP address
110 af AF_INET or AF_INET6
111 error_num where to put an error code:
112 HOST_NOT_FOUND/TRY_AGAIN/NO_RECOVERY/NO_DATA
114 Returns: a hostent structure or NULL for an error
117 static struct hostent *
118 host_fake_gethostbyname(uschar *name, int af, int *error_num)
121 int alen = (af == AF_INET)? sizeof(struct in_addr):sizeof(struct in6_addr);
123 int alen = sizeof(struct in_addr);
127 uschar *lname = name;
130 struct hostent *yield;
136 debug_printf("using host_fake_gethostbyname for %s (%s)\n", name,
137 (af == AF_INET)? "IPv4" : "IPv6");
139 /* Handle the name that needs a vast number of IP addresses */
141 if (Ustrcmp(name, "manyhome.test.ex") == 0 && af == AF_INET)
144 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
145 alist = store_get(2049 * sizeof(char *));
146 adds = store_get(2048 * alen);
147 yield->h_name = CS name;
148 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
149 yield->h_addrtype = af;
150 yield->h_length = alen;
151 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
152 for (i = 104; i <= 111; i++)
154 for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
167 /* Handle unqualified "localhost" */
169 if (Ustrcmp(name, "localhost") == 0)
170 lname = (af == AF_INET)? US"127.0.0.1" : US"::1";
172 /* Handle a literal IP address */
174 ipa = string_is_ip_address(lname, NULL);
177 if ((ipa == 4 && af == AF_INET) ||
178 (ipa == 6 && af == AF_INET6))
182 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
183 alist = store_get(2 * sizeof(char *));
184 adds = store_get(alen);
185 yield->h_name = CS name;
186 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
187 yield->h_addrtype = af;
188 yield->h_length = alen;
189 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
191 n = host_aton(lname, x);
192 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
195 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
196 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
197 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
203 /* Wrong kind of literal address */
207 *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
212 /* Handle a host name */
216 int type = (af == AF_INET)? T_A:T_AAAA;
217 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, lname, type, NULL);
222 case DNS_SUCCEED: break;
223 case DNS_NOMATCH: *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND; return NULL;
224 case DNS_NODATA: *error_num = NO_DATA; return NULL;
225 case DNS_AGAIN: *error_num = TRY_AGAIN; return NULL;
227 case DNS_FAIL: *error_num = NO_RECOVERY; return NULL;
230 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
232 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
234 if (rr->type == type) count++;
237 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
238 alist = store_get((count + 1) * sizeof(char **));
239 adds = store_get(count *alen);
241 yield->h_name = CS name;
242 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
243 yield->h_addrtype = af;
244 yield->h_length = alen;
245 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
247 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
249 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
254 if (rr->type != type) continue;
255 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
257 n = host_aton(da->address, x);
258 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
261 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
262 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
263 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
275 /*************************************************
276 * Build chain of host items from list *
277 *************************************************/
279 /* This function builds a chain of host items from a textual list of host
280 names. It does not do any lookups. If randomize is true, the chain is build in
281 a randomized order. There may be multiple groups of independently randomized
282 hosts; they are delimited by a host name consisting of just "+".
285 anchor anchor for the chain
287 randomize TRUE for randomizing
293 host_build_hostlist(host_item **anchor, uschar *list, BOOL randomize)
296 int fake_mx = MX_NONE; /* This value is actually -1 */
300 if (list == NULL) return;
301 if (randomize) fake_mx--; /* Start at -2 for randomizing */
305 while ((name = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
309 if (name[0] == '+' && name[1] == 0) /* "+" delimits a randomized group */
310 { /* ignore if not randomizing */
311 if (randomize) fake_mx--;
315 h = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
316 h->name = string_copy(name);
320 h->sort_key = randomize? (-fake_mx)*1000 + random_number(1000) : 0;
321 h->status = hstatus_unknown;
322 h->why = hwhy_unknown;
332 host_item *hh = *anchor;
333 if (h->sort_key < hh->sort_key)
340 while (hh->next != NULL && h->sort_key >= (hh->next)->sort_key)
353 /*************************************************
354 * Extract port from address string *
355 *************************************************/
357 /* In the spool file, and in the -oMa and -oMi options, a host plus port is
358 given as an IP address followed by a dot and a port number. This function
361 An alternative format for the -oMa and -oMi options is [ip address]:port which
362 is what Exim 4 uses for output, because it seems to becoming commonly used,
363 whereas the dot form confuses some programs/people. So we recognize that form
367 address points to the string; if there is a port, the '.' in the string
368 is overwritten with zero to terminate the address; if the string
369 is in the [xxx]:ppp format, the address is shifted left and the
372 Returns: 0 if there is no port, else the port number. If there's a syntax
373 error, leave the incoming address alone, and return 0.
377 host_address_extract_port(uschar *address)
382 /* Handle the "bracketed with colon on the end" format */
386 uschar *rb = address + 1;
387 while (*rb != 0 && *rb != ']') rb++;
388 if (*rb++ == 0) return 0; /* Missing ]; leave invalid address */
391 port = Ustrtol(rb + 1, &endptr, 10);
392 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
394 else if (*rb != 0) return 0; /* Bad syntax; leave invalid address */
395 memmove(address, address + 1, rb - address - 2);
399 /* Handle the "dot on the end" format */
403 int skip = -3; /* Skip 3 dots in IPv4 addresses */
405 while (*(++address) != 0)
408 if (ch == ':') skip = 0; /* Skip 0 dots in IPv6 addresses */
409 else if (ch == '.' && skip++ >= 0) break;
411 if (*address == 0) return 0;
412 port = Ustrtol(address + 1, &endptr, 10);
413 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
421 /*************************************************
422 * Get port from a host item's name *
423 *************************************************/
425 /* This function is called when finding the IP address for a host that is in a
426 list of hosts explicitly configured, such as in the manualroute router, or in a
427 fallback hosts list. We see if there is a port specification at the end of the
428 host name, and if so, remove it. A minimum length of 3 is required for the
429 original name; nothing shorter is recognized as having a port.
431 We test for a name ending with a sequence of digits; if preceded by colon we
432 have a port if the character before the colon is ] and the name starts with [
433 or if there are no other colons in the name (i.e. it's not an IPv6 address).
435 Arguments: pointer to the host item
436 Returns: a port number or PORT_NONE
440 host_item_get_port(host_item *h)
444 int len = Ustrlen(h->name);
446 if (len < 3 || (p = h->name + len - 1, !isdigit(*p))) return PORT_NONE;
448 /* Extract potential port number */
453 while (p > h->name + 1 && isdigit(*p))
455 port += (*p-- - '0') * x;
459 /* The smallest value of p at this point is h->name + 1. */
461 if (*p != ':') return PORT_NONE;
463 if (p[-1] == ']' && h->name[0] == '[')
464 h->name = string_copyn(h->name + 1, p - h->name - 2);
465 else if (Ustrchr(h->name, ':') == p)
466 h->name = string_copyn(h->name, p - h->name);
467 else return PORT_NONE;
469 DEBUG(D_route|D_host_lookup) debug_printf("host=%s port=%d\n", h->name, port);
475 #ifndef STAND_ALONE /* Omit when standalone testing */
477 /*************************************************
478 * Build sender_fullhost and sender_rcvhost *
479 *************************************************/
481 /* This function is called when sender_host_name and/or sender_helo_name
482 have been set. Or might have been set - for a local message read off the spool
483 they won't be. In that case, do nothing. Otherwise, set up the fullhost string
486 (a) No sender_host_name or sender_helo_name: "[ip address]"
487 (b) Just sender_host_name: "host_name [ip address]"
488 (c) Just sender_helo_name: "(helo_name) [ip address]" unless helo is IP
489 in which case: "[ip address}"
490 (d) The two are identical: "host_name [ip address]" includes helo = IP
491 (e) The two are different: "host_name (helo_name) [ip address]"
493 If log_incoming_port is set, the sending host's port number is added to the IP
496 This function also builds sender_rcvhost for use in Received: lines, whose
497 syntax is a bit different. This value also includes the RFC 1413 identity.
498 There wouldn't be two different variables if I had got all this right in the
501 Because this data may survive over more than one incoming SMTP message, it has
502 to be in permanent store.
509 host_build_sender_fullhost(void)
511 BOOL show_helo = TRUE;
514 int old_pool = store_pool;
516 if (sender_host_address == NULL) return;
518 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
520 /* Set up address, with or without the port. After discussion, it seems that
521 the only format that doesn't cause trouble is [aaaa]:pppp. However, we can't
522 use this directly as the first item for Received: because it ain't an RFC 2822
525 address = string_sprintf("[%s]:%d", sender_host_address, sender_host_port);
526 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_port) == 0 || sender_host_port <= 0)
527 *(Ustrrchr(address, ':')) = 0;
529 /* If there's no EHLO/HELO data, we can't show it. */
531 if (sender_helo_name == NULL) show_helo = FALSE;
533 /* If HELO/EHLO was followed by an IP literal, it's messy because of two
534 features of IPv6. Firstly, there's the "IPv6:" prefix (Exim is liberal and
535 doesn't require this, for historical reasons). Secondly, IPv6 addresses may not
536 be given in canonical form, so we have to canonicize them before comparing. As
537 it happens, the code works for both IPv4 and IPv6. */
539 else if (sender_helo_name[0] == '[' &&
540 sender_helo_name[(len=Ustrlen(sender_helo_name))-1] == ']')
545 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv6:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
546 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv4:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
548 helo_ip = string_copyn(sender_helo_name + offset, len - offset - 1);
550 if (string_is_ip_address(helo_ip, NULL) != 0)
554 uschar ipx[48], ipy[48]; /* large enough for full IPv6 */
556 sizex = host_aton(helo_ip, x);
557 sizey = host_aton(sender_host_address, y);
559 (void)host_nmtoa(sizex, x, -1, ipx, ':');
560 (void)host_nmtoa(sizey, y, -1, ipy, ':');
562 if (strcmpic(ipx, ipy) == 0) show_helo = FALSE;
566 /* Host name is not verified */
568 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
570 uschar *portptr = Ustrstr(address, "]:");
573 int adlen; /* Sun compiler doesn't like ++ in initializers */
575 adlen = (portptr == NULL)? Ustrlen(address) : (++portptr - address);
576 sender_fullhost = (sender_helo_name == NULL)? address :
577 string_sprintf("(%s) %s", sender_helo_name, address);
579 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(NULL, &size, &ptr, address, adlen);
581 if (sender_ident != NULL || show_helo || portptr != NULL)
584 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US" (", 2);
588 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2, US"port=",
592 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
593 (firstptr == ptr)? US"helo=" : US" helo=", sender_helo_name);
595 if (sender_ident != NULL)
596 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
597 (firstptr == ptr)? US"ident=" : US" ident=", sender_ident);
599 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US")", 1);
602 sender_rcvhost[ptr] = 0; /* string_cat() always leaves room */
604 /* Release store, because string_cat allocated a minimum of 100 bytes that
605 are rarely completely used. */
607 store_reset(sender_rcvhost + ptr + 1);
610 /* Host name is known and verified. Unless we've already found that the HELO
611 data matches the IP address, compare it with the name. */
615 if (show_helo && strcmpic(sender_host_name, sender_helo_name) == 0)
620 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s (%s) %s", sender_host_name,
621 sender_helo_name, address);
622 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
623 string_sprintf("%s (%s helo=%s)", sender_host_name,
624 address, sender_helo_name) :
625 string_sprintf("%s\n\t(%s helo=%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name,
626 address, sender_helo_name, sender_ident);
630 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s %s", sender_host_name, address);
631 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
632 string_sprintf("%s (%s)", sender_host_name, address) :
633 string_sprintf("%s (%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name, address,
638 store_pool = old_pool;
640 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_fullhost = %s\n", sender_fullhost);
641 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_rcvhost = %s\n", sender_rcvhost);
646 /*************************************************
647 * Build host+ident message *
648 *************************************************/
650 /* Used when logging rejections and various ACL and SMTP incidents. The text
651 return depends on whether sender_fullhost and sender_ident are set or not:
653 no ident, no host => U=unknown
654 no ident, host set => H=sender_fullhost
655 ident set, no host => U=ident
656 ident set, host set => H=sender_fullhost U=ident
659 useflag TRUE if first item to be flagged (H= or U=); if there are two
660 items, the second is always flagged
662 Returns: pointer to a string in big_buffer
666 host_and_ident(BOOL useflag)
668 if (sender_fullhost == NULL)
670 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s", useflag? "U=" : "",
671 (sender_ident == NULL)? US"unknown" : sender_ident);
675 uschar *flag = useflag? US"H=" : US"";
676 uschar *iface = US"";
677 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_interface) != 0 &&
678 interface_address != NULL)
679 iface = string_sprintf(" I=[%s]:%d", interface_address, interface_port);
680 if (sender_ident == NULL)
681 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s",
682 flag, sender_fullhost, iface);
684 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s U=%s",
685 flag, sender_fullhost, iface, sender_ident);
690 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
695 /*************************************************
696 * Build list of local interfaces *
697 *************************************************/
699 /* This function interprets the contents of the local_interfaces or
700 extra_local_interfaces options, and creates an ip_address_item block for each
701 item on the list. There is no special interpretation of any IP addresses; in
702 particular, 0.0.0.0 and ::0 are returned without modification. If any address
703 includes a port, it is set in the block. Otherwise the port value is set to
708 name the name of the option being expanded
710 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
711 version of an IP address, and a port number (host order) or
712 zero if no port was given with the address
716 host_build_ifacelist(uschar *list, uschar *name)
721 ip_address_item *yield = NULL;
722 ip_address_item *last = NULL;
723 ip_address_item *next;
725 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
728 int port = host_address_extract_port(s); /* Leaves just the IP address */
729 if ((ipv = string_is_ip_address(s, NULL)) == 0)
730 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Malformed IP address \"%s\" in %s",
733 /* Skip IPv6 addresses if IPv6 is disabled. */
735 if (disable_ipv6 && ipv == 6) continue;
737 /* This use of strcpy() is OK because we have checked that s is a valid IP
738 address above. The field in the ip_address_item is large enough to hold an
741 next = store_get(sizeof(ip_address_item));
743 Ustrcpy(next->address, s);
745 next->v6_include_v4 = FALSE;
747 if (yield == NULL) yield = last = next; else
761 /*************************************************
762 * Find addresses on local interfaces *
763 *************************************************/
765 /* This function finds the addresses of local IP interfaces. These are used
766 when testing for routing to the local host. As the function may be called more
767 than once, the list is preserved in permanent store, pointed to by a static
768 variable, to save doing the work more than once per process.
770 The generic list of interfaces is obtained by calling host_build_ifacelist()
771 for local_interfaces and extra_local_interfaces. This list scanned to remove
772 duplicates (which may exist with different ports - not relevant here). If
773 either of the wildcard IP addresses (0.0.0.0 and ::0) are encountered, they are
774 replaced by the appropriate (IPv4 or IPv6) list of actual local interfaces,
775 obtained from os_find_running_interfaces().
778 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
779 version of an IP address; the port numbers are not relevant
783 /* First, a local subfunction to add an interface to a list in permanent store,
784 but only if there isn't a previous copy of that address on the list. */
786 static ip_address_item *
787 add_unique_interface(ip_address_item *list, ip_address_item *ipa)
789 ip_address_item *ipa2;
790 for (ipa2 = list; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
791 if (Ustrcmp(ipa2->address, ipa->address) == 0) return list;
792 ipa2 = store_get_perm(sizeof(ip_address_item));
799 /* This is the globally visible function */
802 host_find_interfaces(void)
804 ip_address_item *running_interfaces = NULL;
806 if (local_interface_data == NULL)
808 void *reset_item = store_get(0);
809 ip_address_item *dlist = host_build_ifacelist(local_interfaces,
810 US"local_interfaces");
811 ip_address_item *xlist = host_build_ifacelist(extra_local_interfaces,
812 US"extra_local_interfaces");
813 ip_address_item *ipa;
815 if (dlist == NULL) dlist = xlist; else
817 for (ipa = dlist; ipa->next != NULL; ipa = ipa->next);
821 for (ipa = dlist; ipa != NULL; ipa = ipa->next)
823 if (Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0 ||
824 Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "::0") == 0)
826 ip_address_item *ipa2;
827 BOOL ipv6 = ipa->address[0] == ':';
828 if (running_interfaces == NULL)
829 running_interfaces = os_find_running_interfaces();
830 for (ipa2 = running_interfaces; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
832 if ((Ustrchr(ipa2->address, ':') != NULL) == ipv6)
833 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data,
839 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data, ipa);
842 debug_printf("Configured local interface: address=%s", ipa->address);
843 if (ipa->port != 0) debug_printf(" port=%d", ipa->port);
848 store_reset(reset_item);
851 return local_interface_data;
858 /*************************************************
859 * Convert network IP address to text *
860 *************************************************/
862 /* Given an IPv4 or IPv6 address in binary, convert it to a text
863 string and return the result in a piece of new store. The address can
864 either be given directly, or passed over in a sockaddr structure. Note
865 that this isn't the converse of host_aton() because of byte ordering
866 differences. See host_nmtoa() below.
869 type if < 0 then arg points to a sockaddr, else
870 either AF_INET or AF_INET6
871 arg points to a sockaddr if type is < 0, or
872 points to an IPv4 address (32 bits), or
873 points to an IPv6 address (128 bits),
874 in both cases, in network byte order
875 buffer if NULL, the result is returned in gotten store;
876 else points to a buffer to hold the answer
877 portptr points to where to put the port number, if non NULL; only
880 Returns: pointer to character string
884 host_ntoa(int type, const void *arg, uschar *buffer, int *portptr)
888 /* The new world. It is annoying that we have to fish out the address from
889 different places in the block, depending on what kind of address it is. It
890 is also a pain that inet_ntop() returns a const uschar *, whereas the IPv4
891 function inet_ntoa() returns just uschar *, and some picky compilers insist
892 on warning if one assigns a const uschar * to a uschar *. Hence the casts. */
895 uschar addr_buffer[46];
898 int family = ((struct sockaddr *)arg)->sa_family;
899 if (family == AF_INET6)
901 struct sockaddr_in6 *sk = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)arg;
902 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin6_addr), CS addr_buffer,
903 sizeof(addr_buffer));
904 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin6_port);
908 struct sockaddr_in *sk = (struct sockaddr_in *)arg;
909 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin_addr), CS addr_buffer,
910 sizeof(addr_buffer));
911 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin_port);
916 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(type, arg, CS addr_buffer, sizeof(addr_buffer));
919 /* If the result is a mapped IPv4 address, show it in V4 format. */
921 if (Ustrncmp(yield, "::ffff:", 7) == 0) yield += 7;
923 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
929 yield = US inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_addr);
930 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_port);
933 yield = US inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)arg));
936 /* If there is no buffer, put the string into some new store. */
938 if (buffer == NULL) return string_copy(yield);
940 /* Callers of this function with a non-NULL buffer must ensure that it is
941 large enough to hold an IPv6 address, namely, at least 46 bytes. That's what
942 makes this use of strcpy() OK. */
944 Ustrcpy(buffer, yield);
951 /*************************************************
952 * Convert address text to binary *
953 *************************************************/
955 /* Given the textual form of an IP address, convert it to binary in an
956 array of ints. IPv4 addresses occupy one int; IPv6 addresses occupy 4 ints.
957 The result has the first byte in the most significant byte of the first int. In
958 other words, the result is not in network byte order, but in host byte order.
959 As a result, this is not the converse of host_ntoa(), which expects network
960 byte order. See host_nmtoa() below.
963 address points to the textual address, checked for syntax
964 bin points to an array of 4 ints
966 Returns: the number of ints used
970 host_aton(uschar *address, int *bin)
975 /* Handle IPv6 address, which may end with an IPv4 address. It may also end
976 with a "scope", introduced by a percent sign. This code is NOT enclosed in #if
977 HAVE_IPV6 in order that IPv6 addresses are recognized even if IPv6 is not
980 if (Ustrchr(address, ':') != NULL)
983 uschar *component[8];
984 BOOL ipv4_ends = FALSE;
990 /* If the address starts with a colon, it will start with two colons.
991 Just lose the first one, which will leave a null first component. */
995 /* Split the address into components separated by colons. The input address
996 is supposed to be checked for syntax. There was a case where this was
997 overlooked; to guard against that happening again, check here and crash if
998 there are too many components. */
1000 while (*p != 0 && *p != '%')
1002 int len = Ustrcspn(p, ":%");
1003 if (len == 0) nulloffset = ci;
1004 if (ci > 7) log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE,
1005 "Internal error: invalid IPv6 address \"%s\" passed to host_aton()",
1007 component[ci++] = p;
1012 /* If the final component contains a dot, it is a trailing v4 address.
1013 As the syntax is known to be checked, just set up for a trailing
1014 v4 address and restrict the v6 part to 6 components. */
1016 if (Ustrchr(component[ci-1], '.') != NULL)
1018 address = component[--ci];
1024 /* If there are fewer than 6 or 8 components, we have to insert some
1025 more empty ones in the middle. */
1029 int insert_count = v6count - ci;
1030 for (i = v6count-1; i > nulloffset + insert_count; i--)
1031 component[i] = component[i - insert_count];
1032 while (i > nulloffset) component[i--] = US"";
1035 /* Now turn the components into binary in pairs and bung them
1036 into the vector of ints. */
1038 for (i = 0; i < v6count; i += 2)
1039 bin[i/2] = (Ustrtol(component[i], NULL, 16) << 16) +
1040 Ustrtol(component[i+1], NULL, 16);
1042 /* If there was no terminating v4 component, we are done. */
1044 if (!ipv4_ends) return 4;
1047 /* Handle IPv4 address */
1049 (void)sscanf(CS address, "%d.%d.%d.%d", x, x+1, x+2, x+3);
1050 bin[v4offset] = (x[0] << 24) + (x[1] << 16) + (x[2] << 8) + x[3];
1055 /*************************************************
1056 * Apply mask to an IP address *
1057 *************************************************/
1059 /* Mask an address held in 1 or 4 ints, with the ms bit in the ms bit of the
1063 count the number of ints
1064 binary points to the ints to be masked
1065 mask the count of ms bits to leave, or -1 if no masking
1071 host_mask(int count, int *binary, int mask)
1074 if (mask < 0) mask = 99999;
1075 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
1078 if (mask == 0) wordmask = 0;
1081 wordmask = (-1) << (32 - mask);
1089 binary[i] &= wordmask;
1096 /*************************************************
1097 * Convert masked IP address in ints to text *
1098 *************************************************/
1100 /* We can't use host_ntoa() because it assumes the binary values are in network
1101 byte order, and these are the result of host_aton(), which puts them in ints in
1102 host byte order. Also, we really want IPv6 addresses to be in a canonical
1103 format, so we output them with no abbreviation. In a number of cases we can't
1104 use the normal colon separator in them because it terminates keys in lsearch
1105 files, so we want to use dot instead. There's an argument that specifies what
1106 to use for IPv6 addresses.
1109 count 1 or 4 (number of ints)
1110 binary points to the ints
1111 mask mask value; if < 0 don't add to result
1112 buffer big enough to hold the result
1113 sep component separator character for IPv6 addresses
1115 Returns: the number of characters placed in buffer, not counting
1120 host_nmtoa(int count, int *binary, int mask, uschar *buffer, int sep)
1123 uschar *tt = buffer;
1128 for (i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8)
1130 sprintf(CS tt, "%d.", (j >> i) & 255);
1136 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
1139 sprintf(CS tt, "%04x%c%04x%c", (j >> 16) & 0xffff, sep, j & 0xffff, sep);
1144 tt--; /* lose final separator */
1150 sprintf(CS tt, "/%d", mask);
1159 /*************************************************
1160 * Check port for tls_on_connect *
1161 *************************************************/
1163 /* This function checks whether a given incoming port is configured for tls-
1164 on-connect. It is called from the daemon and from inetd handling. If the global
1165 option tls_on_connect is already set, all ports operate this way. Otherwise, we
1166 check the tls_on_connect_ports option for a list of ports.
1168 Argument: a port number
1169 Returns: TRUE or FALSE
1173 host_is_tls_on_connect_port(int port)
1177 uschar *list = tls_on_connect_ports;
1180 if (tls_on_connect) return TRUE;
1182 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
1185 int lport = Ustrtol(s, &end, 10);
1186 if (*end != 0) log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "tls_on_connect_ports "
1187 "contains \"%s\", which is not a port number: exim abandoned", s);
1188 if (lport == port) return TRUE;
1196 /*************************************************
1197 * Check whether host is in a network *
1198 *************************************************/
1200 /* This function checks whether a given IP address matches a pattern that
1201 represents either a single host, or a network (using CIDR notation). The caller
1202 of this function must check the syntax of the arguments before calling it.
1205 host string representation of the ip-address to check
1206 net string representation of the network, with optional CIDR mask
1207 maskoffset offset to the / that introduces the mask in the key
1208 zero if there is no mask
1211 TRUE the host is inside the network
1212 FALSE the host is NOT inside the network
1216 host_is_in_net(uschar *host, uschar *net, int maskoffset)
1222 int size = host_aton(net, address);
1225 /* No mask => all bits to be checked */
1227 if (maskoffset == 0) mlen = 99999; /* Big number */
1228 else mlen = Uatoi(net + maskoffset + 1);
1230 /* Convert the incoming address to binary. */
1232 insize = host_aton(host, incoming);
1234 /* Convert IPv4 addresses given in IPv6 compatible mode, which represent
1235 connections from IPv4 hosts to IPv6 hosts, that is, addresses of the form
1236 ::ffff:<v4address>, to IPv4 format. */
1238 if (insize == 4 && incoming[0] == 0 && incoming[1] == 0 &&
1239 incoming[2] == 0xffff)
1242 incoming[0] = incoming[3];
1245 /* No match if the sizes don't agree. */
1247 if (insize != size) return FALSE;
1249 /* Else do the masked comparison. */
1251 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
1254 if (mlen == 0) mask = 0;
1257 mask = (-1) << (32 - mlen);
1265 if ((incoming[i] & mask) != (address[i] & mask)) return FALSE;
1273 /*************************************************
1274 * Scan host list for local hosts *
1275 *************************************************/
1277 /* Scan through a chain of addresses and check whether any of them is the
1278 address of an interface on the local machine. If so, remove that address and
1279 any previous ones with the same MX value, and all subsequent ones (which will
1280 have greater or equal MX values) from the chain. Note: marking them as unusable
1281 is NOT the right thing to do because it causes the hosts not to be used for
1282 other domains, for which they may well be correct.
1284 The hosts may be part of a longer chain; we only process those between the
1285 initial pointer and the "last" pointer.
1287 There is also a list of "pseudo-local" host names which are checked against the
1288 host names. Any match causes that host item to be treated the same as one which
1289 matches a local IP address.
1291 If the very first host is a local host, then all MX records had a precedence
1292 greater than or equal to that of the local host. Either there's a problem in
1293 the DNS, or an apparently remote name turned out to be an abbreviation for the
1294 local host. Give a specific return code, and let the caller decide what to do.
1295 Otherwise, give a success code if at least one host address has been found.
1298 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1299 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1300 removed if not NULL, set TRUE if some local addresses were removed
1304 HOST_FOUND if there is at least one host with an IP address on the chain
1305 and an MX value less than any MX value associated with the
1307 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL if a local host is among the lowest-numbered MX hosts; when
1308 the host addresses were obtained from A records or
1309 gethostbyname(), the MX values are set to -1.
1310 HOST_FIND_FAILED if no valid hosts with set IP addresses were found
1314 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr, BOOL *removed)
1316 int yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED;
1317 host_item *last = *lastptr;
1318 host_item *prev = NULL;
1321 if (removed != NULL) *removed = FALSE;
1323 if (local_interface_data == NULL) local_interface_data = host_find_interfaces();
1325 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1328 if (hosts_treat_as_local != NULL)
1331 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
1332 deliver_domain = h->name; /* set $domain */
1333 rc = match_isinlist(string_copylc(h->name), &hosts_treat_as_local, 0,
1334 &domainlist_anchor, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
1335 deliver_domain = save;
1336 if (rc == OK) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1340 /* It seems that on many operating systems, 0.0.0.0 is treated as a synonym
1341 for 127.0.0.1 and refers to the local host. We therefore force it always to
1342 be treated as local. */
1344 if (h->address != NULL)
1346 ip_address_item *ip;
1347 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1348 for (ip = local_interface_data; ip != NULL; ip = ip->next)
1349 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, ip->address) == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1350 yield = HOST_FOUND; /* At least one remote address has been found */
1353 /* Update prev to point to the last host item before any that have
1354 the same MX value as the one we have just considered. */
1356 if (h->next == NULL || h->next->mx != h->mx) prev = h;
1359 return yield; /* No local hosts found: return HOST_FOUND or HOST_FIND_FAILED */
1361 /* A host whose IP address matches a local IP address, or whose name matches
1362 something in hosts_treat_as_local has been found. */
1368 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf((h->mx >= 0)?
1369 "local host has lowest MX\n" :
1370 "local host found for non-MX address\n");
1371 return HOST_FOUND_LOCAL;
1374 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1376 debug_printf("local host in host list - removed hosts:\n");
1377 for (h = prev->next; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1378 debug_printf(" %s %s %d\n", h->name, h->address, h->mx);
1381 if (removed != NULL) *removed = TRUE;
1382 prev->next = last->next;
1390 /*************************************************
1391 * Remove duplicate IPs in host list *
1392 *************************************************/
1394 /* You would think that administrators could set up their DNS records so that
1395 one ended up with a list of unique IP addresses after looking up A or MX
1396 records, but apparently duplication is common. So we scan such lists and
1397 remove the later duplicates. Note that we may get lists in which some host
1398 addresses are not set.
1401 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1402 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1408 host_remove_duplicates(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr)
1410 while (host != *lastptr)
1412 if (host->address != NULL)
1414 host_item *h = host;
1415 while (h != *lastptr)
1417 if (h->next->address != NULL &&
1418 Ustrcmp(h->next->address, host->address) == 0)
1420 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("duplicate IP address %s (MX=%d) "
1421 "removed\n", host->address, h->next->mx);
1422 if (h->next == *lastptr) *lastptr = h;
1423 h->next = h->next->next;
1428 /* If the last item was removed, host may have become == *lastptr */
1429 if (host != *lastptr) host = host->next;
1436 /*************************************************
1437 * Find sender host name by gethostbyaddr() *
1438 *************************************************/
1440 /* This used to be the only way it was done, but it turns out that not all
1441 systems give aliases for calls to gethostbyaddr() - or one of the modern
1442 equivalents like getipnodebyaddr(). Fortunately, multiple PTR records are rare,
1443 but they can still exist. This function is now used only when a DNS lookup of
1444 the IP address fails, in order to give access to /etc/hosts.
1447 Returns: OK, DEFER, FAIL
1451 host_name_lookup_byaddr(void)
1455 struct hostent *hosts;
1456 struct in_addr addr;
1458 /* Lookup on IPv6 system */
1461 if (Ustrchr(sender_host_address, ':') != NULL)
1463 struct in6_addr addr6;
1464 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, CS sender_host_address, &addr6) != 1)
1465 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1466 "IPv6 address", sender_host_address);
1467 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1468 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6, &h_errno);
1470 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6);
1475 if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CS sender_host_address, &addr) != 1)
1476 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1477 "IPv4 address", sender_host_address);
1478 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1479 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET, &h_errno);
1481 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1485 /* Do lookup on IPv4 system */
1488 addr.s_addr = (S_ADDR_TYPE)inet_addr(CS sender_host_address);
1489 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS(&addr), sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1492 /* Failed to look up the host. */
1496 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup failed: h_errno=%d\n",
1498 return (h_errno == TRY_AGAIN || h_errno == NO_RECOVERY) ? DEFER : FAIL;
1501 /* It seems there are some records in the DNS that yield an empty name. We
1502 treat this as non-existent. In some operating systems, this is returned as an
1503 empty string; in others as a single dot. */
1505 if (hosts->h_name[0] == 0 || hosts->h_name[0] == '.')
1507 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an empty name: "
1508 "treated as non-existent host name\n");
1512 /* Copy and lowercase the name, which is in static storage in many systems.
1513 Put it in permanent memory. */
1515 s = (uschar *)hosts->h_name;
1516 len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1517 t = sender_host_name = store_get_perm(len);
1518 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1521 /* If the host has aliases, build a copy of the alias list */
1523 if (hosts->h_aliases != NULL)
1526 uschar **aliases, **ptr;
1527 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++) count++;
1528 ptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get_perm(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1529 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++)
1531 uschar *s = *aliases;
1532 int len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1533 uschar *t = *ptr++ = store_get_perm(len);
1534 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1545 /*************************************************
1546 * Find host name for incoming call *
1547 *************************************************/
1549 /* Put the name in permanent store, pointed to by sender_host_name. We also set
1550 up a list of alias names, pointed to by sender_host_alias. The list is
1551 NULL-terminated. The incoming address is in sender_host_address, either in
1552 dotted-quad form for IPv4 or in colon-separated form for IPv6.
1554 This function does a thorough check that the names it finds point back to the
1555 incoming IP address. Any that do not are discarded. Note that this is relied on
1556 by the ACL reverse_host_lookup check.
1558 On some systems, get{host,ipnode}byaddr() appears to do this internally, but
1559 this it not universally true. Also, for release 4.30, this function was changed
1560 to do a direct DNS lookup first, by default[1], because it turns out that that
1561 is the only guaranteed way to find all the aliases on some systems. My
1562 experiments indicate that Solaris gethostbyaddr() gives the aliases for but
1565 [1] The actual order is controlled by the host_lookup_order option.
1568 Returns: OK on success, the answer being placed in the global variable
1569 sender_host_name, with any aliases in a list hung off
1571 FAIL if no host name can be found
1572 DEFER if a temporary error was encountered
1574 The variable host_lookup_msg is set to an empty string on sucess, or to a
1575 reason for the failure otherwise, in a form suitable for tagging onto an error
1576 message, and also host_lookup_failed is set TRUE if the lookup failed. If there
1577 was a defer, host_lookup_deferred is set TRUE.
1579 Any dynamically constructed string for host_lookup_msg must be in permanent
1580 store, because it might be used for several incoming messages on the same SMTP
1584 host_name_lookup(void)
1588 uschar *hname, *save_hostname;
1592 uschar *list = host_lookup_order;
1597 host_lookup_deferred = host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
1599 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1600 debug_printf("looking up host name for %s\n", sender_host_address);
1602 /* For testing the case when a lookup does not complete, we have a special
1603 reserved IP address. */
1605 if (running_in_test_harness &&
1606 Ustrcmp(sender_host_address, "99.99.99.99") == 0)
1608 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1609 debug_printf("Test harness: host name lookup returns DEFER\n");
1610 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1614 /* Do lookups directly in the DNS or via gethostbyaddr() (or equivalent), in
1615 the order specified by the host_lookup_order option. */
1617 while ((ordername = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
1620 if (strcmpic(ordername, US"bydns") == 0)
1622 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE);
1623 dns_build_reverse(sender_host_address, buffer);
1624 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, T_PTR, NULL);
1626 /* The first record we come across is used for the name; others are
1627 considered to be aliases. We have to scan twice, in order to find out the
1628 number of aliases. However, if all the names are empty, we will behave as
1629 if failure. (PTR records that yield empty names have been encountered in
1632 if (rc == DNS_SUCCEED)
1634 uschar **aptr = NULL;
1637 int old_pool = store_pool;
1639 store_pool = POOL_PERM; /* Save names in permanent storage */
1641 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1643 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1645 if (rr->type == T_PTR) count++;
1648 /* Get store for the list of aliases. For compatibility with
1649 gethostbyaddr, we make an empty list if there are none. */
1651 aptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1653 /* Re-scan and extract the names */
1655 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1657 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1660 if (rr->type != T_PTR) continue;
1661 s = store_get(ssize);
1663 /* If an overlong response was received, the data will have been
1664 truncated and dn_expand may fail. */
1666 if (dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen,
1667 (uschar *)(rr->data), (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)(s), ssize) < 0)
1669 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "host name alias list truncated for %s",
1670 sender_host_address);
1674 store_reset(s + Ustrlen(s) + 1);
1677 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an "
1678 "empty name: treated as non-existent host name\n");
1681 if (sender_host_name == NULL) sender_host_name = s;
1683 while (*s != 0) { *s = tolower(*s); s++; }
1686 *aptr = NULL; /* End of alias list */
1687 store_pool = old_pool; /* Reset store pool */
1689 /* If we've found a names, break out of the "order" loop */
1691 if (sender_host_name != NULL) break;
1694 /* If the DNS lookup deferred, we must also defer. */
1696 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN)
1698 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1699 debug_printf("IP address PTR lookup gave temporary error\n");
1700 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1705 /* Do a lookup using gethostbyaddr() - or equivalent */
1707 else if (strcmpic(ordername, US"byaddr") == 0)
1709 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1710 debug_printf("IP address lookup using gethostbyaddr()\n");
1711 rc = host_name_lookup_byaddr();
1714 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1715 return rc; /* Can't carry on */
1717 if (rc == OK) break; /* Found a name */
1719 } /* Loop for bydns/byaddr scanning */
1721 /* If we have failed to find a name, return FAIL and log when required.
1722 NB host_lookup_msg must be in permanent store. */
1724 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
1726 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
1727 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "no host name found for IP "
1728 "address %s", sender_host_address);
1729 host_lookup_msg = US" (failed to find host name from IP address)";
1730 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1734 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1736 uschar **aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1737 debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded %s\n", sender_host_name);
1738 while (*aliases != NULL) debug_printf(" alias %s\n", *aliases++);
1741 /* We need to verify that a forward lookup on the name we found does indeed
1742 correspond to the address. This is for security: in principle a malefactor who
1743 happened to own a reverse zone could set it to point to any names at all.
1745 This code was present in versions of Exim before 3.20. At that point I took it
1746 out because I thought that gethostbyaddr() did the check anyway. It turns out
1747 that this isn't always the case, so it's coming back in at 4.01. This version
1748 is actually better, because it also checks aliases.
1750 The code was made more robust at release 4.21. Prior to that, it accepted all
1751 the names if any of them had the correct IP address. Now the code checks all
1752 the names, and accepts only those that have the correct IP address. */
1754 save_hostname = sender_host_name; /* Save for error messages */
1755 aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1756 for (hname = sender_host_name; hname != NULL; hname = *aliases++)
1766 /* When called with the 5th argument FALSE, host_find_byname() won't return
1767 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. If the incoming address is an IPv4 address expressed in
1768 IPv6 format, we must compare the IPv4 part to any IPv4 addresses. */
1770 if ((rc = host_find_byname(&h, NULL, NULL, FALSE)) == HOST_FOUND)
1773 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("checking addresses for %s\n", hname);
1774 for (hh = &h; hh != NULL; hh = hh->next)
1776 if (host_is_in_net(hh->address, sender_host_address, 0))
1778 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s OK\n", hh->address);
1784 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s\n", hh->address);
1787 if (!ok) HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1788 debug_printf("no IP address for %s matched %s\n", hname,
1789 sender_host_address);
1791 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
1793 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("temporary error for host name lookup\n");
1794 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1799 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("no IP addresses found for %s\n", hname);
1802 /* If this name is no good, and it's the sender name, set it null pro tem;
1803 if it's an alias, just remove it from the list. */
1807 if (hname == sender_host_name) sender_host_name = NULL; else
1809 uschar **a; /* Don't amalgamate - some */
1810 a = --aliases; /* compilers grumble */
1811 while (*a != NULL) { *a = a[1]; a++; }
1816 /* If sender_host_name == NULL, it means we didn't like the name. Replace
1817 it with the first alias, if there is one. */
1819 if (sender_host_name == NULL && *sender_host_aliases != NULL)
1820 sender_host_name = *sender_host_aliases++;
1822 /* If we now have a main name, all is well. */
1824 if (sender_host_name != NULL) return OK;
1826 /* We have failed to find an address that matches. */
1828 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1829 debug_printf("%s does not match any IP address for %s\n",
1830 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1832 /* This message must be in permanent store */
1834 old_pool = store_pool;
1835 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
1836 host_lookup_msg = string_sprintf(" (%s does not match any IP address for %s)",
1837 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1838 store_pool = old_pool;
1839 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1846 /*************************************************
1847 * Find IP address(es) for host by name *
1848 *************************************************/
1850 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name filled in and the address
1851 field set to NULL. We use gethostbyname(). Of course, gethostbyname() may use
1852 the DNS, but it doesn't do MX processing. If more than one address is given,
1853 chain on additional host items, with other relevant fields copied.
1855 The second argument provides a host list (usually an IP list) of hosts to
1856 ignore. This makes it possible to ignore IPv6 link-local addresses or loopback
1857 addresses in unreasonable places.
1859 The lookup may result in a change of name. For compatibility with the dns
1860 lookup, return this via fully_qualified_name as well as updating the host item.
1861 The lookup may also yield more than one IP address, in which case chain on
1862 subsequent host_item structures.
1865 host a host item with the name and MX filled in;
1866 the address is to be filled in;
1867 multiple IP addresses cause other host items to be
1869 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
1870 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, set to point to host name for
1871 compatibility with host_find_bydns
1872 local_host_check TRUE if a check for the local host is wanted
1874 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain
1875 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Try again later
1876 HOST_FOUND Host found - data filled in
1877 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL Host found and is the local host
1881 host_find_byname(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts,
1882 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL local_host_check)
1884 int i, yield, times;
1886 host_item *last = NULL;
1887 BOOL temp_error = FALSE;
1892 /* If we are in the test harness, a name ending in .test.again.dns always
1893 forces a temporary error response, unless the name is in
1894 dns_again_means_nonexist. */
1896 if (running_in_test_harness)
1898 uschar *endname = host->name + Ustrlen(host->name);
1899 if (Ustrcmp(endname - 14, "test.again.dns") == 0) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
1902 /* In an IPv6 world, unless IPv6 has been disabled, we need to scan for both
1903 kinds of address, so go round the loop twice. Note that we have ensured that
1904 AF_INET6 is defined even in an IPv4 world, which makes for slightly tidier
1905 code. However, if dns_ipv4_lookup matches the domain, we also just do IPv4
1906 lookups here (except when testing standalone). */
1910 if (disable_ipv6 || (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
1911 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
1913 { af = AF_INET; times = 1; }
1915 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
1917 { af = AF_INET6; times = 2; }
1919 /* No IPv6 support */
1921 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1923 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1925 /* Initialize the flag that gets set for DNS syntax check errors, so that the
1926 interface to this function can be similar to host_find_bydns. */
1928 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
1930 /* Loop to look up both kinds of address in an IPv6 world */
1932 for (i = 1; i <= times;
1934 af = AF_INET, /* If 2 passes, IPv4 on the second */
1940 struct hostent *hostdata;
1943 if (running_in_test_harness)
1944 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, af, &error_num);
1947 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
1948 hostdata = getipnodebyname(CS host->name, af, 0, &error_num);
1950 hostdata = gethostbyname2(CS host->name, af);
1951 error_num = h_errno;
1955 #else /* not HAVE_IPV6 */
1956 if (running_in_test_harness)
1957 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, AF_INET, &error_num);
1960 hostdata = gethostbyname(CS host->name);
1961 error_num = h_errno;
1963 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1965 if (hostdata == NULL)
1970 case HOST_NOT_FOUND: error = US"HOST_NOT_FOUND"; break;
1971 case TRY_AGAIN: error = US"TRY_AGAIN"; break;
1972 case NO_RECOVERY: error = US"NO_RECOVERY"; break;
1973 case NO_DATA: error = US"NO_DATA"; break;
1974 #if NO_DATA != NO_ADDRESS
1975 case NO_ADDRESS: error = US"NO_ADDRESS"; break;
1977 default: error = US"?"; break;
1980 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s returned %d (%s)\n",
1982 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
1983 (af == AF_INET6)? "getipnodebyname(af=inet6)" : "getipnodebyname(af=inet)",
1985 (af == AF_INET6)? "gethostbyname2(af=inet6)" : "gethostbyname2(af=inet)",
1992 if (error_num == TRY_AGAIN || error_num == NO_RECOVERY) temp_error = TRUE;
1995 if ((hostdata->h_addr_list)[0] == NULL) continue;
1997 /* Replace the name with the fully qualified one if necessary, and fill in
1998 the fully_qualified_name pointer. */
2000 if (hostdata->h_name[0] != 0 &&
2001 Ustrcmp(host->name, hostdata->h_name) != 0)
2002 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain((uschar *)hostdata->h_name);
2003 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2005 /* Get the list of addresses. IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be distinguished
2006 by their different lengths. Scan the list, ignoring any that are to be
2007 ignored, and build a chain from the rest. */
2009 ipv4_addr = hostdata->h_length == sizeof(struct in_addr);
2011 for (addrlist = USS hostdata->h_addr_list; *addrlist != NULL; addrlist++)
2013 uschar *text_address =
2014 host_ntoa(ipv4_addr? AF_INET:AF_INET6, *addrlist, NULL, NULL);
2017 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2018 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2019 text_address, NULL) == OK)
2021 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2022 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, text_address);
2027 /* If this is the first address, last == NULL and we put the data in the
2032 host->address = text_address;
2033 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2034 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2035 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2039 /* Else add further host item blocks for any other addresses, keeping
2044 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2045 next->name = host->name;
2046 next->mx = host->mx;
2047 next->address = text_address;
2048 next->port = PORT_NONE;
2049 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2050 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2052 next->next = last->next;
2059 /* If no hosts were found, the address field in the original host block will be
2060 NULL. If temp_error is set, at least one of the lookups gave a temporary error,
2061 so we pass that back. */
2063 if (host->address == NULL)
2067 (message_id[0] == 0 && smtp_in != NULL)?
2068 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s (during %s)", host->name,
2069 smtp_get_connection_info()) :
2071 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s", host->name);
2073 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s\n", msg);
2074 if (temp_error) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
2075 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
2076 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "%s", msg);
2077 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2080 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses, then check to see if this is the local
2081 host if required. */
2083 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
2084 yield = local_host_check?
2085 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, NULL) : HOST_FOUND;
2087 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2090 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2091 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2092 debug_printf("%s looked up these IP addresses:\n",
2094 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
2103 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2104 debug_printf(" name=%s address=%s\n", h->name,
2105 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address);
2108 /* Return the found status. */
2112 /* Handle the case when there is a temporary error. If the name matches
2113 dns_again_means_nonexist, return permanent rather than temporary failure. */
2119 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
2120 deliver_domain = host->name; /* set $domain */
2121 rc = match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_again_means_nonexist, 0, NULL, NULL,
2122 MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
2123 deliver_domain = save;
2126 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s is in dns_again_means_nonexist: "
2127 "returning HOST_FIND_FAILED\n", host->name);
2128 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2131 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2137 /*************************************************
2138 * Fill in a host address from the DNS *
2139 *************************************************/
2141 /* Given a host item, with its name, port and mx fields set, and its address
2142 field set to NULL, fill in its IP address from the DNS. If it is multi-homed,
2143 create additional host items for the additional addresses, copying all the
2144 other fields, and randomizing the order.
2146 On IPv6 systems, A6 records are sought first (but only if support for A6 is
2147 configured - they may never become mainstream), then AAAA records are sought,
2148 and finally A records are sought as well.
2150 The host name may be changed if the DNS returns a different name - e.g. fully
2151 qualified or changed via CNAME. If fully_qualified_name is not NULL, dns_lookup
2152 ensures that it points to the fully qualified name. However, this is the fully
2153 qualified version of the original name; if a CNAME is involved, the actual
2154 canonical host name may be different again, and so we get it directly from the
2155 relevant RR. Note that we do NOT change the mx field of the host item in this
2156 function as it may be called to set the addresses of hosts taken from MX
2160 host points to the host item we're filling in
2161 lastptr points to pointer to last host item in a chain of
2162 host items (may be updated if host is last and gets
2163 extended because multihomed)
2164 ignore_target_hosts list of hosts to ignore
2165 allow_ip if TRUE, recognize an IP address and return it
2166 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully qualified name here if
2167 the contents are different (i.e. it must be preset
2170 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED couldn't find A record
2171 HOST_FIND_AGAIN try again later
2172 HOST_FOUND found AAAA and/or A record(s)
2173 HOST_IGNORED found, but all IPs ignored
2177 set_address_from_dns(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr,
2178 uschar *ignore_target_hosts, BOOL allow_ip, uschar **fully_qualified_name)
2181 host_item *thishostlast = NULL; /* Indicates not yet filled in anything */
2182 BOOL v6_find_again = FALSE;
2185 /* If allow_ip is set, a name which is an IP address returns that value
2186 as its address. This is used for MX records when allow_mx_to_ip is set, for
2187 those sites that feel they have to flaunt the RFC rules. */
2189 if (allow_ip && string_is_ip_address(host->name, NULL) != 0)
2192 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2193 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2194 host->name, NULL) == OK)
2195 return HOST_IGNORED;
2198 host->address = host->name;
2202 /* On an IPv6 system, unless IPv6 is disabled, go round the loop up to three
2203 times, looking for A6 and AAAA records the first two times. However, unless
2204 doing standalone testing, we force an IPv4 lookup if the domain matches
2205 dns_ipv4_lookup is set. Since A6 records look like being abandoned, support
2206 them only if explicitly configured to do so. On an IPv4 system, go round the
2207 loop once only, looking only for A records. */
2211 if (disable_ipv6 || (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
2212 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2214 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2216 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
2219 i = 2; /* look up A6 and AAAA and A records */
2221 i = 1; /* look up AAAA and A records */
2222 #endif /* SUPPORT_A6 */
2224 /* The IPv4 world */
2226 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2227 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2228 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2232 static int types[] = { T_A, T_AAAA, T_A6 };
2233 int type = types[i];
2234 int randoffset = (i == 0)? 500 : 0; /* Ensures v6 sorts before v4 */
2238 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, type, fully_qualified_name);
2240 /* We want to return HOST_FIND_AGAIN if one of the A, A6, or AAAA lookups
2241 fails or times out, but not if another one succeeds. (In the early
2242 IPv6 days there are name servers that always fail on AAAA, but are happy
2243 to give out an A record. We want to proceed with that A record.) */
2245 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2247 if (i == 0) /* Just tried for an A record, i.e. end of loop */
2249 if (host->address != NULL) return HOST_FOUND; /* A6 or AAAA was found */
2250 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN || rc == DNS_FAIL || v6_find_again)
2251 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2252 return HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* DNS_NOMATCH or DNS_NODATA */
2255 /* Tried for an A6 or AAAA record: remember if this was a temporary
2256 error, and look for the next record type. */
2258 if (rc != DNS_NOMATCH && rc != DNS_NODATA) v6_find_again = TRUE;
2262 /* Lookup succeeded: fill in the given host item with the first non-ignored
2263 address found; create additional items for any others. A single A6 record
2264 may generate more than one address. */
2266 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2268 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2270 if (rr->type == type)
2272 /* dns_address *da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr); */
2275 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
2277 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2280 debug_printf("no addresses extracted from A6 RR for %s\n",
2284 /* This loop runs only once for A and AAAA records, but may run
2285 several times for an A6 record that generated multiple addresses. */
2287 for (; da != NULL; da = da->next)
2290 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2291 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL,
2292 host->name, da->address, NULL) == OK)
2294 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2295 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, da->address);
2300 /* If this is the first address, stick it in the given host block,
2301 and change the name if the returned RR has a different name. */
2303 if (thishostlast == NULL)
2305 if (strcmpic(host->name, rr->name) != 0)
2306 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(rr->name);
2307 host->address = da->address;
2308 host->sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2309 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2310 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2311 thishostlast = host;
2314 /* Not the first address. Check for, and ignore, duplicates. Then
2315 insert in the chain at a random point. */
2322 /* End of our local chain is specified by "thishostlast". */
2324 for (next = host;; next = next->next)
2326 if (Ustrcmp(CS da->address, next->address) == 0) break;
2327 if (next == thishostlast) { next = NULL; break; }
2329 if (next != NULL) continue; /* With loop for next address */
2331 /* Not a duplicate */
2333 new_sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2334 next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2336 /* New address goes first: insert the new block after the first one
2337 (so as not to disturb the original pointer) but put the new address
2338 in the original block. */
2340 if (new_sort_key < host->sort_key)
2342 *next = *host; /* Copies port */
2344 host->address = da->address;
2345 host->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2346 if (thishostlast == host) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2347 if (*lastptr == host) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2350 /* Otherwise scan down the addresses for this host to find the
2351 one to insert after. */
2355 host_item *h = host;
2356 while (h != thishostlast)
2358 if (new_sort_key < h->next->sort_key) break;
2361 *next = *h; /* Copies port */
2363 next->address = da->address;
2364 next->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2365 if (h == thishostlast) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2366 if (h == *lastptr) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2374 /* Control gets here only if the third lookup (the A record) succeeded.
2375 However, the address may not be filled in if it was ignored. */
2377 return (host->address == NULL)? HOST_IGNORED : HOST_FOUND;
2383 /*************************************************
2384 * Find IP addresses and host names via DNS *
2385 *************************************************/
2387 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name field filled in and the
2388 address field set to NULL. This may be in a chain of other host items. The
2389 lookup may result in more than one IP address, in which case we must created
2390 new host blocks for the additional addresses, and insert them into the chain.
2391 The original name may not be fully qualified. Use the fully_qualified_name
2392 argument to return the official name, as returned by the resolver.
2395 host point to initial host item
2396 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
2397 whichrrs flags indicating which RRs to look for:
2398 HOST_FIND_BY_SRV => look for SRV
2399 HOST_FIND_BY_MX => look for MX
2400 HOST_FIND_BY_A => look for A or AAAA
2401 also flags indicating how the lookup is done
2402 HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE ) passed to the
2403 HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS ) resolver
2404 srv_service when SRV used, the service name
2405 srv_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2406 mx_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2407 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully-qualified name
2408 removed set TRUE if local host was removed from the list
2410 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain;
2411 if there was a syntax error,
2412 host_find_failed_syntax is set.
2413 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Could not resolve at this time
2414 HOST_FOUND Host found
2415 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL The lowest MX record points to this
2416 machine, if MX records were found, or
2417 an A record that was found contains
2418 an address of the local host
2422 host_find_bydns(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts, int whichrrs,
2423 uschar *srv_service, uschar *srv_fail_domains, uschar *mx_fail_domains,
2424 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL *removed)
2426 host_item *h, *last;
2434 /* Set the default fully qualified name to the incoming name, initialize the
2435 resolver if necessary, set up the relevant options, and initialize the flag
2436 that gets set for DNS syntax check errors. */
2438 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2439 dns_init((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE) != 0,
2440 (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS) != 0);
2441 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
2443 /* First, if requested, look for SRV records. The service name is given; we
2444 assume TCP progocol. DNS domain names are constrained to a maximum of 256
2445 characters, so the code below should be safe. */
2447 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_SRV) != 0)
2450 uschar *temp_fully_qualified_name = buffer;
2453 (void)sprintf(CS buffer, "_%s._tcp.%n%.256s", srv_service, &prefix_length,
2457 /* Search for SRV records. If the fully qualified name is different to
2458 the input name, pass back the new original domain, without the prepended
2461 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, ind_type, &temp_fully_qualified_name);
2462 if (temp_fully_qualified_name != buffer && fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2463 *fully_qualified_name = temp_fully_qualified_name + prefix_length;
2465 /* On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2466 listed as one for which we continue. */
2468 if (rc == DNS_FAIL || rc == DNS_AGAIN)
2471 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &srv_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2474 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2475 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2476 "(domain in srv_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2480 /* If we did not find any SRV records, search the DNS for MX records, if
2481 requested to do so. If the result is DNS_NOMATCH, it means there is no such
2482 domain, and there's no point in going on to look for address records with the
2483 same domain. The result will be DNS_NODATA if the domain exists but has no MX
2484 records. On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2485 listed as one for which we continue. */
2487 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED && (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_MX) != 0)
2490 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, ind_type, fully_qualified_name);
2491 if (rc == DNS_NOMATCH) return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2492 if (rc == DNS_FAIL || rc == DNS_AGAIN)
2495 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &mx_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2498 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2499 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2500 "(domain in mx_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2504 /* If we haven't found anything yet, and we are requested to do so, try for an
2505 A or AAAA record. If we find it (or them) check to see that it isn't the local
2508 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2510 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_A) == 0)
2512 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("Address records are not being sought\n");
2513 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2516 last = host; /* End of local chainlet */
2518 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2519 rc = set_address_from_dns(host, &last, ignore_target_hosts, FALSE,
2520 fully_qualified_name);
2522 /* If one or more address records have been found, check that none of them
2523 are local. Since we know the host items all have their IP addresses
2524 inserted, host_scan_for_local_hosts() can only return HOST_FOUND or
2525 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. We do not need to scan for duplicate IP addresses here,
2526 because set_address_from_dns() removes them. */
2528 if (rc == HOST_FOUND)
2529 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
2531 if (rc == HOST_IGNORED) rc = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* No special action */
2533 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2536 if (host->address != NULL)
2538 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2539 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2540 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2541 debug_printf("%s %s mx=%d sort=%d %s\n", h->name,
2542 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx, h->sort_key,
2543 (h->status >= hstatus_unusable)? US"*" : US"");
2550 /* We have found one or more MX or SRV records. Sort them according to
2551 precedence. Put the data for the first one into the existing host block, and
2552 insert new host_item blocks into the chain for the remainder. For equal
2553 precedences one is supposed to randomize the order. To make this happen, the
2554 sorting is actually done on the MX value * 1000 + a random number. This is put
2555 into a host field called sort_key.
2557 In the case of hosts with both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses, we want to choose the
2558 IPv6 address in preference. At this stage, we don't know what kind of address
2559 the host has. We choose a random number < 500; if later we find an A record
2560 first, we add 500 to the random number. Then for any other address records, we
2561 use random numbers in the range 0-499 for AAAA records and 500-999 for A
2564 At this point we remove any duplicates that point to the same host, retaining
2565 only the one with the lowest precedence. We cannot yet check for precedence
2566 greater than that of the local host, because that test cannot be properly done
2567 until the addresses have been found - an MX record may point to a name for this
2568 host which is not the primary hostname. */
2570 last = NULL; /* Indicates that not even the first item is filled yet */
2572 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2574 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2577 int weight = 0; /* For SRV records */
2578 int port = PORT_NONE;
2579 uschar *s; /* MUST be unsigned for GETSHORT */
2582 if (rr->type != ind_type) continue;
2584 GETSHORT(precedence, s); /* Pointer s is advanced */
2586 /* For MX records, we use a random "weight" which causes multiple records of
2587 the same precedence to sort randomly. */
2589 if (ind_type == T_MX)
2591 weight = random_number(500);
2594 /* SRV records are specified with a port and a weight. The weight is used
2595 in a special algorithm. However, to start with, we just use it to order the
2596 records of equal priority (precedence). */
2600 GETSHORT(weight, s);
2604 /* Get the name of the host pointed to. */
2606 (void)dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen, s,
2607 (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)data, sizeof(data));
2609 /* Check that we haven't already got this host on the chain; if we have,
2610 keep only the lower precedence. This situation shouldn't occur, but you
2611 never know what junk might get into the DNS (and this case has been seen on
2612 more than one occasion). */
2614 if (last != NULL) /* This is not the first record */
2616 host_item *prev = NULL;
2618 for (h = host; h != last->next; prev = h, h = h->next)
2620 if (strcmpic(h->name, data) == 0)
2622 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2623 debug_printf("discarded duplicate host %s (MX=%d)\n", data,
2624 (precedence > h->mx)? precedence : h->mx);
2625 if (precedence >= h->mx) goto NEXT_MX_RR; /* Skip greater precedence */
2626 if (h == host) /* Override first item */
2629 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2633 /* Unwanted host item is not the first in the chain, so we can get
2634 get rid of it by cutting it out. */
2636 prev->next = h->next;
2637 if (h == last) last = prev;
2643 /* If this is the first MX or SRV record, put the data into the existing host
2644 block. Otherwise, add a new block in the correct place; if it has to be
2645 before the first block, copy the first block's data to a new second block. */
2649 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2650 host->address = NULL;
2652 host->mx = precedence;
2653 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2654 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2655 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2659 /* Make a new host item and seek the correct insertion place */
2663 int sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2664 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2665 next->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2666 next->address = NULL;
2668 next->mx = precedence;
2669 next->sort_key = sort_key;
2670 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2671 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2674 /* Handle the case when we have to insert before the first item. */
2676 if (sort_key < host->sort_key)
2683 if (last == host) last = next;
2686 /* Else scan down the items we have inserted as part of this exercise;
2687 don't go further. */
2691 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
2693 if (sort_key < h->next->sort_key)
2695 next->next = h->next;
2701 /* Join on after the last host item that's part of this
2702 processing if we haven't stopped sooner. */
2706 next->next = last->next;
2713 NEXT_MX_RR: continue;
2716 /* If the list of hosts was obtained from SRV records, there are two things to
2717 do. First, if there is only one host, and it's name is ".", it means there is
2718 no SMTP service at this domain. Otherwise, we have to sort the hosts of equal
2719 priority according to their weights, using an algorithm that is defined in RFC
2720 2782. The hosts are currently sorted by priority and weight. For each priority
2721 group we have to pick off one host and put it first, and then repeat for any
2722 remaining in the same priority group. */
2724 if (ind_type == T_SRV)
2728 if (host == last && host->name[0] == 0)
2730 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("the single SRV record is \".\"\n");
2731 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2734 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2736 debug_printf("original ordering of hosts from SRV records:\n");
2737 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2738 debug_printf(" %s P=%d W=%d\n", h->name, h->mx, h->sort_key % 1000);
2741 for (pptr = &host, h = host; h != last; pptr = &(h->next), h = h->next)
2746 /* Find the last following host that has the same precedence. At the same
2747 time, compute the sum of the weights and the running totals. These can be
2748 stored in the sort_key field. */
2750 for (hh = h; hh != last; hh = hh->next)
2752 int weight = hh->sort_key % 1000; /* was precedence * 1000 + weight */
2755 if (hh->mx != hh->next->mx) break;
2758 /* If there's more than one host at this precedence (priority), we need to
2759 pick one to go first. */
2765 int randomizer = random_number(sum + 1);
2767 for (ppptr = pptr, hhh = h;
2769 ppptr = &(hhh->next), hhh = hhh->next)
2771 if (hhh->sort_key >= randomizer) break;
2774 /* hhh now points to the host that should go first; ppptr points to the
2775 place that points to it. Unfortunately, if the start of the minilist is
2776 the start of the entire list, we can't just swap the items over, because
2777 we must not change the value of host, since it is passed in from outside.
2778 One day, this could perhaps be changed.
2780 The special case is fudged by putting the new item *second* in the chain,
2781 and then transferring the data between the first and second items. We
2782 can't just swap the first and the chosen item, because that would mean
2783 that an item with zero weight might no longer be first. */
2787 *ppptr = hhh->next; /* Cuts it out of the chain */
2791 host_item temp = *h;
2794 hhh->next = temp.next;
2800 hhh->next = h; /* The rest of the chain follows it */
2801 *pptr = hhh; /* It takes the place of h */
2802 h = hhh; /* It's now the start of this minilist */
2807 /* A host has been chosen to be first at this priority and h now points
2808 to this host. There may be others at the same priority, or others at a
2809 different priority. Before we leave this host, we need to put back a sort
2810 key of the traditional MX kind, in case this host is multihomed, because
2811 the sort key is used for ordering the multiple IP addresses. We do not need
2812 to ensure that these new sort keys actually reflect the order of the hosts,
2815 h->sort_key = h->mx * 1000 + random_number(500);
2816 } /* Move on to the next host */
2819 /* Now we have to find IP addresses for all the hosts. We have ensured above
2820 that the names in all the host items are unique. Before release 4.61 we used to
2821 process records from the additional section in the DNS packet that returned the
2822 MX or SRV records. However, a DNS name server is free to drop any resource
2823 records from the additional section. In theory, this has always been a
2824 potential problem, but it is exacerbated by the advent of IPv6. If a host had
2825 several IPv4 addresses and some were not in the additional section, at least
2826 Exim would try the others. However, if a host had both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
2827 and all the IPv4 (say) addresses were absent, Exim would try only for a IPv6
2828 connection, and never try an IPv4 address. When there was only IPv4
2829 connectivity, this was a disaster that did in practice occur.
2831 So, from release 4.61 onwards, we always search for A and AAAA records
2832 explicitly. The names shouldn't point to CNAMES, but we use the general lookup
2833 function that handles them, just in case. If any lookup gives a soft error,
2834 change the default yield.
2836 For these DNS lookups, we must disable qualify_single and search_parents;
2837 otherwise invalid host names obtained from MX or SRV records can cause trouble
2838 if they happen to match something local. */
2840 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* Default yield */
2841 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE); /* Disable qualify_single and search_parents */
2843 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2845 if (h->address != NULL) continue; /* Inserted by a multihomed host */
2846 rc = set_address_from_dns(h, &last, ignore_target_hosts, allow_mx_to_ip, NULL);
2847 if (rc != HOST_FOUND)
2849 h->status = hstatus_unusable;
2850 if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
2853 h->why = hwhy_deferred;
2856 h->why = (rc == HOST_IGNORED)? hwhy_ignored : hwhy_failed;
2860 /* Scan the list for any hosts that are marked unusable because they have
2861 been explicitly ignored, and remove them from the list, as if they did not
2862 exist. If we end up with just a single, ignored host, flatten its fields as if
2863 nothing was found. */
2865 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL)
2867 host_item *prev = NULL;
2868 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2871 if (h->why != hwhy_ignored) /* Non ignored host, just continue */
2873 else if (prev == NULL) /* First host is ignored */
2875 if (h != last) /* First is not last */
2877 if (h->next == last) last = h; /* Overwrite it with next */
2878 *h = *(h->next); /* and reprocess it. */
2879 goto REDO; /* C should have redo, like Perl */
2882 else /* Ignored host is not first - */
2884 prev->next = h->next;
2885 if (h == last) last = prev;
2889 if (host->why == hwhy_ignored) host->address = NULL;
2892 /* There is still one complication in the case of IPv6. Although the code above
2893 arranges that IPv6 addresses take precedence over IPv4 addresses for multihomed
2894 hosts, it doesn't do this for addresses that apply to different hosts with the
2895 same MX precedence, because the sorting on MX precedence happens first. So we
2896 have to make another pass to check for this case. We ensure that, within a
2897 single MX preference value, IPv6 addresses come first. This can separate the
2898 addresses of a multihomed host, but that should not matter. */
2901 if (h != last && !disable_ipv6)
2903 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
2906 host_item *next = h->next;
2907 if (h->mx != next->mx || /* If next is different MX */
2908 h->address == NULL || /* OR this one is unset */
2909 Ustrchr(h->address, ':') != NULL || /* OR this one is IPv6 */
2910 (next->address != NULL &&
2911 Ustrchr(next->address, ':') == NULL)) /* OR next is IPv4 */
2912 continue; /* move on to next */
2913 temp = *h; /* otherwise, swap */
2914 temp.next = next->next;
2922 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses and then scan the list of hosts for any
2923 whose IP addresses are on the local host. If any are found, all hosts with the
2924 same or higher MX values are removed. However, if the local host has the lowest
2925 numbered MX, then HOST_FOUND_LOCAL is returned. Otherwise, if at least one host
2926 with an IP address is on the list, HOST_FOUND is returned. Otherwise,
2927 HOST_FIND_FAILED is returned, but in this case do not update the yield, as it
2928 might have been set to HOST_FIND_AGAIN just above here. If not, it will already
2929 be HOST_FIND_FAILED. */
2931 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
2932 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
2933 if (rc != HOST_FIND_FAILED) yield = rc;
2935 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2937 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2938 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2939 debug_printf("host_find_bydns yield = %s (%d); returned hosts:\n",
2940 (yield == HOST_FOUND)? "HOST_FOUND" :
2941 (yield == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL)? "HOST_FOUND_LOCAL" :
2942 (yield == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)? "HOST_FIND_AGAIN" :
2943 (yield == HOST_FIND_FAILED)? "HOST_FIND_FAILED" : "?",
2945 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2947 debug_printf(" %s %s MX=%d ", h->name,
2948 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx);
2949 if (h->port != PORT_NONE) debug_printf("port=%d ", h->port);
2950 if (h->status >= hstatus_unusable) debug_printf("*");
2961 /*************************************************
2962 **************************************************
2963 * Stand-alone test program *
2964 **************************************************
2965 *************************************************/
2969 int main(int argc, char **cargv)
2972 int whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
2973 BOOL byname = FALSE;
2974 BOOL qualify_single = TRUE;
2975 BOOL search_parents = FALSE;
2976 uschar **argv = USS cargv;
2979 primary_hostname = US"";
2980 store_pool = POOL_MAIN;
2981 debug_selector = D_host_lookup|D_interface;
2982 debug_file = stdout;
2983 debug_fd = fileno(debug_file);
2985 printf("Exim stand-alone host functions test\n");
2987 host_find_interfaces();
2988 debug_selector = D_host_lookup | D_dns;
2990 if (argc > 1) primary_hostname = argv[1];
2992 /* So that debug level changes can be done first */
2994 dns_init(qualify_single, search_parents);
2996 printf("Testing host lookup\n");
2998 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3001 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3002 uschar *fully_qualified_name;
3004 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3007 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3009 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "byname") == 0) byname = TRUE;
3010 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_byname") == 0) byname = FALSE;
3011 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "a_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3012 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "mx_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3013 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV;
3014 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+a") == 0)
3015 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3016 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx") == 0)
3017 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3018 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx+a") == 0)
3019 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3020 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = TRUE;
3021 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = FALSE;
3022 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "search_parents") == 0) search_parents = TRUE;
3023 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_search_parents") == 0) search_parents = FALSE;
3024 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "test_harness") == 0)
3025 running_in_test_harness = !running_in_test_harness;
3026 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "res_debug") == 0)
3028 _res.options ^= RES_DEBUG;
3030 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retrans", 7) == 0)
3032 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+8), "%d", &dns_retrans);
3033 _res.retrans = dns_retrans;
3035 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retry", 5) == 0)
3037 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+6), "%d", &dns_retry);
3038 _res.retry = dns_retry;
3042 int flags = whichrrs;
3048 h.status = hstatus_unknown;
3049 h.why = hwhy_unknown;
3052 if (qualify_single) flags |= HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE;
3053 if (search_parents) flags |= HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS;
3056 host_find_byname(&h, NULL, &fully_qualified_name, TRUE)
3058 host_find_bydns(&h, NULL, flags, US"smtp", NULL, NULL,
3059 &fully_qualified_name, NULL);
3061 if (rc == HOST_FIND_FAILED) printf("Failed\n");
3062 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN) printf("Again\n");
3063 else if (rc == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL) printf("Local\n");
3069 printf("Testing host_aton\n");
3071 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3075 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3077 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3080 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3082 len = host_aton(buffer, x);
3083 printf("length = %d ", len);
3084 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
3086 printf("%04x ", (x[i] >> 16) & 0xffff);
3087 printf("%04x ", x[i] & 0xffff);
3094 printf("Testing host_name_lookup\n");
3096 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3098 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3099 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3101 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3102 sender_host_address = buffer;
3103 sender_host_name = NULL;
3104 sender_host_aliases = NULL;
3105 host_lookup_msg = US"";
3106 host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
3107 if (host_name_lookup() == FAIL) /* Debug causes printing */
3108 printf("Lookup failed:%s\n", host_lookup_msg);
3116 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */