1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2018 */
6 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
12 /* Functions for accessing Exim's hints database, which consists of a number of
13 different DBM files. This module does not contain code for reading DBM files
14 for (e.g.) alias expansion. That is all contained within the general search
15 functions. As Exim now has support for several DBM interfaces, all the relevant
16 functions are called as macros.
18 All the data in Exim's database is in the nature of *hints*. Therefore it
19 doesn't matter if it gets destroyed by accident. These functions are not
20 supposed to implement a "safe" database.
22 Keys are passed in as C strings, and the terminating zero *is* used when
23 building the dbm files. This just makes life easier when scanning the files
26 Synchronization is required on the database files, and this is achieved by
27 means of locking on independent lock files. (Earlier attempts to lock on the
28 DBM files themselves were never completely successful.) Since callers may in
29 general want to do more than one read or write while holding the lock, there
30 are separate open and close functions. However, the calling modules should
31 arrange to hold the locks for the bare minimum of time. */
35 /*************************************************
36 * Berkeley DB error callback *
37 *************************************************/
39 /* For Berkeley DB >= 2, we can define a function to be called in case of DB
40 errors. This should help with debugging strange DB problems, e.g. getting "File
41 exists" when you try to open a db file. The API for this function was changed
44 #if defined(USE_DB) && defined(DB_VERSION_STRING)
46 #if DB_VERSION_MAJOR > 4 || (DB_VERSION_MAJOR == 4 && DB_VERSION_MINOR >= 3)
47 dbfn_bdb_error_callback(const DB_ENV *dbenv, const char *pfx, const char *msg)
51 dbfn_bdb_error_callback(const char *pfx, char *msg)
55 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "Berkeley DB error: %s", msg);
62 /*************************************************
63 * Open and lock a database file *
64 *************************************************/
66 /* Used for accessing Exim's hints databases.
69 name The single-component name of one of Exim's database files.
70 flags Either O_RDONLY or O_RDWR, indicating the type of open required;
71 O_RDWR implies "create if necessary"
72 dbblock Points to an open_db block to be filled in.
73 lof If TRUE, write to the log for actual open failures (locking failures
75 panic If TRUE, panic on failure to create the db directory
77 Returns: NULL if the open failed, or the locking failed. After locking
78 failures, errno is zero.
80 On success, dbblock is returned. This contains the dbm pointer and
81 the fd of the locked lock file.
83 There are some calls that use O_RDWR|O_CREAT for the flags. Having discovered
84 this in December 2005, I'm not sure if this is correct or not, but for the
85 moment I haven't changed them.
89 dbfn_open(uschar *name, int flags, open_db *dbblock, BOOL lof, BOOL panic)
92 BOOL read_only = flags == O_RDONLY;
95 uschar dirname[256], filename[256];
97 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) acl_level++;
99 /* The first thing to do is to open a separate file on which to lock. This
100 ensures that Exim has exclusive use of the database before it even tries to
101 open it. Early versions tried to lock on the open database itself, but that
102 gave rise to mysterious problems from time to time - it was suspected that some
103 DB libraries "do things" on their open() calls which break the interlocking.
104 The lock file is never written to, but we open it for writing so we can get a
105 write lock if required. If it does not exist, we create it. This is done
106 separately so we know when we have done it, because when running as root we
107 need to change the ownership - see the bottom of this function. We also try to
108 make the directory as well, just in case. We won't be doing this many times
109 unnecessarily, because usually the lock file will be there. If the directory
110 exists, there is no error. */
112 snprintf(CS dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s/db", spool_directory);
113 snprintf(CS filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s.lockfile", dirname, name);
115 if ((dbblock->lockfd = Uopen(filename, O_RDWR, EXIMDB_LOCKFILE_MODE)) < 0)
118 (void)directory_make(spool_directory, US"db", EXIMDB_DIRECTORY_MODE, panic);
119 dbblock->lockfd = Uopen(filename, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, EXIMDB_LOCKFILE_MODE);
122 if (dbblock->lockfd < 0)
124 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "%s",
125 string_open_failed(errno, "database lock file %s", filename));
126 errno = 0; /* Indicates locking failure */
127 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) acl_level--;
131 /* Now we must get a lock on the opened lock file; do this with a blocking
132 lock that times out. */
134 lock_data.l_type = read_only? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK;
135 lock_data.l_whence = lock_data.l_start = lock_data.l_len = 0;
137 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup|D_retry|D_route|D_deliver)
138 debug_printf_indent("locking %s\n", filename);
140 sigalrm_seen = FALSE;
141 ALARM(EXIMDB_LOCK_TIMEOUT);
142 rc = fcntl(dbblock->lockfd, F_SETLKW, &lock_data);
145 if (sigalrm_seen) errno = ETIMEDOUT;
148 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC, "Failed to get %s lock for %s: %s",
149 read_only ? "read" : "write", filename,
150 errno == ETIMEDOUT ? "timed out" : strerror(errno));
151 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
152 errno = 0; /* Indicates locking failure */
153 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) acl_level--;
157 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("locked %s\n", filename);
159 /* At this point we have an opened and locked separate lock file, that is,
160 exclusive access to the database, so we can go ahead and open it. If we are
161 expected to create it, don't do so at first, again so that we can detect
162 whether we need to change its ownership (see comments about the lock file
163 above.) There have been regular reports of crashes while opening hints
164 databases - often this is caused by non-matching db.h and the library. To make
165 it easy to pin this down, there are now debug statements on either side of the
168 snprintf(CS filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s", dirname, name);
169 EXIM_DBOPEN(filename, dirname, flags, EXIMDB_MODE, &(dbblock->dbptr));
171 if (!dbblock->dbptr && errno == ENOENT && flags == O_RDWR)
173 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
174 debug_printf_indent("%s appears not to exist: trying to create\n", filename);
176 EXIM_DBOPEN(filename, dirname, flags|O_CREAT, EXIMDB_MODE, &(dbblock->dbptr));
181 /* If we are running as root and this is the first access to the database, its
182 files will be owned by root. We want them to be owned by exim. We detect this
183 situation by noting above when we had to create the lock file or the database
184 itself. Because the different dbm libraries use different extensions for their
185 files, I don't know of any easier way of arranging this than scanning the
186 directory for files with the appropriate base name. At least this deals with
187 the lock file at the same time. Also, the directory will typically have only
188 half a dozen files, so the scan will be quick.
190 This code is placed here, before the test for successful opening, because there
191 was a case when a file was created, but the DBM library still returned NULL
192 because of some problem. It also sorts out the lock file if that was created
193 but creation of the database file failed. */
195 if (created && geteuid() == root_uid)
199 uschar *lastname = Ustrrchr(filename, '/') + 1;
200 int namelen = Ustrlen(name);
203 dd = opendir(CS filename);
205 while ((ent = readdir(dd)))
206 if (Ustrncmp(ent->d_name, name, namelen) == 0)
209 Ustrcpy(lastname, US ent->d_name);
210 if (Ustat(filename, &statbuf) >= 0 && statbuf.st_uid != exim_uid)
212 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("ensuring %s is owned by exim\n", filename);
213 if (exim_chown(filename, exim_uid, exim_gid))
214 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("failed setting %s to owned by exim\n", filename);
221 /* If the open has failed, return NULL, leaving errno set. If lof is TRUE,
222 log the event - also for debugging - but debug only if the file just doesn't
227 if (lof && save_errno != ENOENT)
228 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "%s", string_open_failed(save_errno, "DB file %s",
231 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
232 debug_printf_indent("%s\n", CS string_open_failed(save_errno, "DB file %s",
234 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
236 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) acl_level--;
240 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
241 debug_printf_indent("opened hints database %s: flags=%s\n", filename,
242 flags == O_RDONLY ? "O_RDONLY"
243 : flags == O_RDWR ? "O_RDWR"
244 : flags == (O_RDWR|O_CREAT) ? "O_RDWR|O_CREAT"
247 /* Pass back the block containing the opened database handle and the open fd
256 /*************************************************
257 * Unlock and close a database file *
258 *************************************************/
260 /* Closing a file automatically unlocks it, so after closing the database, just
263 Argument: a pointer to an open database block
268 dbfn_close(open_db *dbblock)
270 EXIM_DBCLOSE(dbblock->dbptr);
271 (void)close(dbblock->lockfd);
272 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup)
273 { debug_printf_indent("closed hints database and lockfile\n"); acl_level--; }
279 /*************************************************
280 * Read from database file *
281 *************************************************/
283 /* Passing back the pointer unchanged is useless, because there is
284 no guarantee of alignment. Since all the records used by Exim need
285 to be properly aligned to pick out the timestamps, etc., we might as
286 well do the copying centrally here.
288 Most calls don't need the length, so there is a macro called dbfn_read which
289 has two arguments; it calls this function adding NULL as the third.
292 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
293 key the key of the record to be read
294 length a pointer to an int into which to return the length, if not NULL
296 Returns: a pointer to the retrieved record, or
297 NULL if the record is not found
301 dbfn_read_with_length(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key, int *length)
304 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, result_datum;
305 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
306 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen, is_tainted(key));
308 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
310 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("dbfn_read: key=%s\n", key);
312 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
313 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(result_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
314 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
315 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
317 if (!EXIM_DBGET(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, result_datum)) return NULL;
319 /* Assume the data store could have been tainted. Properly, we should
320 store the taint status with the data. */
322 yield = store_get(EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum), TRUE);
323 memcpy(yield, EXIM_DATUM_DATA(result_datum), EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum));
324 if (length != NULL) *length = EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(result_datum);
326 EXIM_DATUM_FREE(result_datum); /* Some DBM libs require freeing */
332 /*************************************************
333 * Write to database file *
334 *************************************************/
338 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
339 key the key of the record to be written
340 ptr a pointer to the record to be written
341 length the length of the record to be written
343 Returns: the yield of the underlying dbm or db "write" function. If this
344 is dbm, the value is zero for OK.
348 dbfn_write(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key, void *ptr, int length)
350 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, value_datum;
351 dbdata_generic *gptr = (dbdata_generic *)ptr;
352 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
353 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen, is_tainted(key));
355 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
356 gptr->time_stamp = time(NULL);
358 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("dbfn_write: key=%s\n", key);
360 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
361 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(value_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
362 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
363 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
364 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(value_datum) = CS ptr;
365 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(value_datum) = length;
366 return EXIM_DBPUT(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, value_datum);
371 /*************************************************
372 * Delete record from database file *
373 *************************************************/
377 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
378 key the key of the record to be deleted
380 Returns: the yield of the underlying dbm or db "delete" function.
384 dbfn_delete(open_db *dbblock, const uschar *key)
386 int klen = Ustrlen(key) + 1;
387 uschar * key_copy = store_get(klen, is_tainted(key));
389 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("dbfn_delete: key=%s\n", key);
391 memcpy(key_copy, key, klen);
392 EXIM_DATUM key_datum;
393 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require clearing */
394 EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) = CS key_copy;
395 EXIM_DATUM_SIZE(key_datum) = klen;
396 return EXIM_DBDEL(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum);
401 /*************************************************
402 * Scan the keys of a database file *
403 *************************************************/
407 dbblock a pointer to an open database block
408 start TRUE if starting a new scan
409 FALSE if continuing with the current scan
410 cursor a pointer to a pointer to a cursor anchor, for those dbm libraries
411 that use the notion of a cursor
413 Returns: the next record from the file, or
414 NULL if there are no more
418 dbfn_scan(open_db *dbblock, BOOL start, EXIM_CURSOR **cursor)
420 EXIM_DATUM key_datum, value_datum;
422 value_datum = value_datum; /* dummy; not all db libraries use this */
424 DEBUG(D_hints_lookup) debug_printf_indent("dbfn_scan\n");
426 /* Some dbm require an initialization */
428 if (start) EXIM_DBCREATE_CURSOR(dbblock->dbptr, cursor);
430 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(key_datum); /* Some DBM libraries require the datum */
431 EXIM_DATUM_INIT(value_datum); /* to be cleared before use. */
433 yield = (EXIM_DBSCAN(dbblock->dbptr, key_datum, value_datum, start, *cursor))?
434 US EXIM_DATUM_DATA(key_datum) : NULL;
436 /* Some dbm require a termination */
438 if (!yield) EXIM_DBDELETE_CURSOR(*cursor);
444 /*************************************************
445 **************************************************
446 * Stand-alone test program *
447 **************************************************
448 *************************************************/
453 main(int argc, char **cargv)
456 int max_db = sizeof(dbblock)/sizeof(open_db);
460 dbdata_wait *dbwait = NULL;
461 uschar **argv = USS cargv;
463 uschar structbuffer[1024];
467 printf("Usage: test_dbfn directory\n");
468 printf("The subdirectory called \"db\" in the given directory is used for\n");
469 printf("the files used in this test program.\n");
475 spool_directory = argv[1];
476 debug_selector = D_all - D_memory;
478 big_buffer = malloc(big_buffer_size);
480 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++) dbblock[i].dbptr = NULL;
482 printf("\nExim's db functions tester: interface type is %s\n", EXIM_DBTYPE);
483 printf("DBM library: ");
485 #ifdef DB_VERSION_STRING
486 printf("Berkeley DB: %s\n", DB_VERSION_STRING);
487 #elif defined(BTREEVERSION) && defined(HASHVERSION)
489 printf("probably Berkeley DB version 1.8x (native mode)\n");
491 printf("probably Berkeley DB version 1.8x (compatibility mode)\n");
493 #elif defined(_DBM_RDONLY) || defined(dbm_dirfno)
494 printf("probably ndbm\n");
495 #elif defined(USE_TDB)
496 printf("using tdb\n");
499 printf("probably GDBM (native mode)\n");
501 printf("probably GDBM (compatibility mode)\n");
505 /* Test the functions */
507 printf("\nTest the functions\n> ");
509 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
511 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
515 uschar *cmd = buffer;
516 while (len > 0 && isspace((uschar)buffer[len-1])) len--;
519 if (isdigit((uschar)*cmd))
522 while (isdigit((uschar)*cmd)) cmd++;
523 while (isspace((uschar)*cmd)) cmd++;
526 if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "open", 4) == 0)
531 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
533 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++)
534 if (dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) break;
538 printf("Too many open databases\n> ");
543 odb = dbfn_open(s, O_RDWR, dbblock + i, TRUE, TRUE);
549 printf("opened %d\n", current);
551 /* Other error cases will have written messages */
552 else if (errno == ENOENT)
554 printf("open failed: %s%s\n", strerror(errno),
556 " (or other Berkeley DB error)"
564 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "write", 5) == 0)
567 uschar *key = cmd + 5;
572 printf("No current database\n");
576 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
578 while (*data != 0 && !isspace((uschar)*data)) data++;
580 while (isspace((uschar)*data)) data++;
582 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)(&structbuffer);
583 Ustrcpy(dbwait->text, data);
587 rc = dbfn_write(dbblock + current, key, dbwait,
588 Ustrlen(data) + sizeof(dbdata_wait));
590 if (rc != 0) printf("Failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
593 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0)
595 uschar *key = cmd + 4;
598 printf("No current database\n");
601 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
604 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)dbfn_read_with_length(dbblock+ current, key, NULL);
606 printf("%s\n", (dbwait == NULL)? "<not found>" : CS dbwait->text);
609 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "delete", 6) == 0)
611 uschar *key = cmd + 6;
614 printf("No current database\n");
617 while (isspace((uschar)*key)) key++;
618 dbfn_delete(dbblock + current, key);
621 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "scan", 4) == 0)
624 BOOL startflag = TRUE;
626 uschar keybuffer[256];
629 printf("No current database\n");
633 while ((key = dbfn_scan(dbblock + current, startflag, &cursor)) != NULL)
636 Ustrcpy(keybuffer, key);
637 dbwait = (dbdata_wait *)dbfn_read_with_length(dbblock + current,
639 printf("%s: %s\n", keybuffer, dbwait->text);
642 printf("End of scan\n");
645 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "close", 5) == 0)
648 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
650 if (i >= max_db || dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) printf("Not open\n"); else
653 dbfn_close(dbblock + i);
655 dbblock[i].dbptr = NULL;
656 if (i == current) current = -1;
660 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "file", 4) == 0)
663 while (isspace((uschar)*s)) s++;
665 if (i >= max_db || dbblock[i].dbptr == NULL) printf("Not open\n");
669 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "time", 4) == 0)
671 showtime = ~showtime;
672 printf("Timing %s\n", showtime? "on" : "off");
675 else if (Ustrcmp(cmd, "q") == 0 || Ustrncmp(cmd, "quit", 4) == 0) break;
677 else if (Ustrncmp(cmd, "help", 4) == 0)
679 printf("close [<number>] close file [<number>]\n");
680 printf("delete <key> remove record from current file\n");
681 printf("file <number> make file <number> current\n");
682 printf("open <name> open db file\n");
683 printf("q[uit] exit program\n");
684 printf("read <key> read record from current file\n");
685 printf("scan scan current file\n");
686 printf("time time display on/off\n");
687 printf("write <key> <rest-of-line> write record to current file\n");
690 else printf("Eh?\n");
692 if (showtime && stop >= start)
693 printf("start=%d stop=%d difference=%d\n", (int)start, (int)stop,
694 (int)(stop - start));
699 for (i = 0; i < max_db; i++)
701 if (dbblock[i].dbptr != NULL)
703 printf("\nClosing %d", i);
704 dbfn_close(dbblock + i);