1 $Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff,v 1.42 2005/05/17 15:00:04 ph10 Exp $
6 This file contains descriptions of new features that have been added to Exim,
7 but have not yet made it into the main manual (which is most conveniently
8 updated when there is a relatively large batch of changes). The doc/ChangeLog
9 file contains a listing of all changes, including bug fixes.
15 TF/01 Support for checking Client SMTP Authorization has been added. CSA is a
16 system which allows a site to advertise which machines are and are not
17 permitted to send email. This is done by placing special SRV records in
18 the DNS, which are looked up using the client's HELO domain. At this
19 time CSA is still an Internet-Draft.
21 Client SMTP Authorization checks are performed by the ACL condition
22 verify=csa. This will fail if the client is not authorized. If there is
23 a DNS problem, or if no valid CSA SRV record is found, or if the client
24 is authorized, the condition succeeds. These three cases can be
25 distinguished using the expansion variable $csa_status, which can take
26 one of the values "fail", "defer", "unknown", or "ok". The condition
27 does not itself defer because that would be likely to cause problems
30 The error messages produced by the CSA code include slightly more
31 detail. If $csa_status is "defer" this may be because of problems
32 looking up the CSA SRV record, or problems looking up the CSA target
33 address record. There are four reasons for $csa_status being "fail":
34 the client's host name is explicitly not authorized; the client's IP
35 address does not match any of the CSA target IP addresses; the client's
36 host name is authorized but it has no valid target IP addresses (e.g.
37 the target's addresses are IPv6 and the client is using IPv4); or the
38 client's host name has no CSA SRV record but a parent domain has
39 asserted that all subdomains must be explicitly authorized.
41 The verify=csa condition can take an argument which is the domain to
42 use for the DNS query. The default is verify=csa/$sender_helo_name.
44 This implementation includes an extension to CSA. If the query domain
45 is an address literal such as [192.0.2.95], or if it is a bare IP
46 address, Exim will search for CSA SRV records in the reverse DNS as if
47 the HELO domain was e.g. 95.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. Therefore it is
48 meaningful to say, for example, verify=csa/$sender_host_address - in
49 fact, this is the check that Exim performs if the client does not say
50 HELO. This extension can be turned off by setting the main
51 configuration option dns_csa_use_reverse = false.
53 If a CSA SRV record is not found for the domain itself, then a search
54 is performed through its parent domains for a record which might be
55 making assertions about subdomains. The maximum depth of this search is
56 limited using the main configuration option dns_csa_search_limit, which
57 takes the value 5 by default. Exim does not look for CSA SRV records in
58 a top level domain, so the default settings handle HELO domains as long
59 as seven (hostname.five.four.three.two.one.com) which encompasses the
60 vast majority of legitimate HELO domains.
62 The dnsdb lookup also has support for CSA. Although dnsdb already
63 supports SRV lookups, this is not sufficient because of the extra
64 parent domain search behaviour of CSA, and (as with PTR lookups)
65 dnsdb also turns IP addresses into lookups in the reverse DNS space.
66 The result of ${lookup dnsdb {csa=$sender_helo_name} } has two
67 space-separated fields: an authorization code and a target host name.
68 The authorization code can be "Y" for yes, "N" for no, "X" for explicit
69 authorization required but absent, or "?" for unknown.
71 PH/01 The amount of output produced by the "make" process has been reduced,
72 because the compile lines are often rather long, making it all pretty
73 unreadable. The new style is along the lines of the 2.6 Linux kernel:
74 just a short line for each module that is being compiled or linked.
75 However, it is still possible to get the full output, by calling "make"
80 The value of FULLECHO defaults to "@", the flag character that suppresses
81 command reflection in "make". When you ask for the full output, it is
82 given in addition to the the short output.
84 PH/02 There have been two changes concerned with submission mode:
86 (a) A new option, /name=value, makes it possible to supply a user name
87 to be inserted into any created Sender: header line. Typically, this
88 would be looked up from $authenticated_id.
90 (b) The envelope sender address is forced to be the same as the
91 submission mode sender address.
97 PH/01 The format in which GnuTLS parameters are written to the gnutls-param
98 file in the spool directory has been changed. This change has been made
99 to alleviate problems that some people had with the generation of the
100 parameters by Exim when /dev/random was exhausted. In this situation,
101 Exim would hang until /dev/random acquired some more entropy.
103 The new code exports and imports the DH and RSA parameters in PEM
104 format. This means that the parameters can be generated externally using
105 the certtool command that is part of GnuTLS.
107 To replace the parameters with new ones, instead of deleting the file
108 and letting Exim re-create it, you can generate new parameters using
109 certtool and, when this has been done, replace Exim's cache file by
110 renaming. The relevant commands are something like this:
114 # chown exim:exim new.params
115 # chmod 0400 new.params
116 # certtool --generate-privkey --bits 512 >new.params
117 # echo "" >>new.params
118 # certtool --generate-dh-params --bits 1024 >> new.params
119 # mv new.params params
121 If Exim never has to generate the parameters itself, the possibility of
124 PH/02 A new expansion item for dynamically loading and calling a locally-
125 written C function is now provided, if Exim is compiled with
129 set in Local/Makefile. The facility is not included by default (a
130 suitable error is given if you try to use it when it is not there.)
132 If you enable EXPAND_DLFUNC, you should also be aware of the new redirect
133 router option forbid_filter_dlfunc. If you have unprivileged users on
134 your system who are permitted to create filter files, you might want to
135 set forbid_filter_dlfunc=true in the appropriate router, to stop them
136 using ${dlfunc to run code within Exim.
138 You load and call an external function like this:
140 ${dlfunc{/some/file}{function}{arg1}{arg2}...}
142 Once loaded, Exim remembers the dynamically loaded object so that it
143 doesn't reload the same object file in the same Exim process (but of
144 course Exim does start new processes frequently).
146 There may be from zero to eight arguments to the function. When compiling
147 a local function that is to be called in this way, local_scan.h should be
148 included. The Exim variables and functions that are defined by that API
149 are also available for dynamically loaded functions. The function itself
150 must have the following type:
152 int dlfunction(uschar **yield, int argc, uschar *argv[])
154 Where "uschar" is a typedef for "unsigned char" in local_scan.h. The
155 function should return one of the following values:
157 OK Success. The string that is placed in "yield" is put into
158 the expanded string that is being built.
160 FAIL A non-forced expansion failure occurs, with the error
161 message taken from "yield", if it is set.
163 FAIL_FORCED A forced expansion failure occurs, with the error message
164 taken from "yield" if it is set.
166 ERROR Same as FAIL, except that a panic log entry is written.
168 When compiling a function that is to be used in this way with gcc,
169 you need to add -shared to the gcc command. Also, in the Exim build-time
170 configuration, you must add -export-dynamic to EXTRALIBS.
172 TF/01 $received_time is a new expansion variable containing the time and date
173 as a number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch when the
174 current message was received.
176 PH/03 There is a new value for RADIUS_LIB_TYPE that can be set in
177 Local/Makefile. It is RADIUSCLIENTNEW, and it requests that the new API,
178 in use from radiusclient 0.4.0 onwards, be used. It does not appear to be
179 possible to detect the different versions automatically.
181 PH/04 There is a new option called acl_not_smtp_mime that allows you to scan
182 MIME parts in non-SMTP messages. It operates in exactly the same way as
185 PH/05 It is now possible to redefine a macro within the configuration file.
186 The macro must have been previously defined within the configuration (or
187 an included file). A definition on the command line using the -D option
188 causes all definitions and redefinitions within the file to be ignored.
189 In other words, -D overrides any values that are set in the file.
190 Redefinition is specified by using '==' instead of '='. For example:
194 MAC1 == updated value
196 Redefinition does not alter the order in which the macros are applied to
197 the subsequent lines of the configuration file. It is still the same
198 order in which the macros were originally defined. All that changes is
199 the macro's value. Redefinition makes it possible to accumulate values.
204 MAC1 == MAC1 and something added
206 This can be helpful in situations where the configuration file is built
207 from a number of other files.
209 PH/06 Macros may now be defined or redefined between router, transport,
210 authenticator, or ACL definitions, as well as in the main part of the
211 configuration. They may not, however, be changed within an individual
212 driver or ACL, or in the local_scan, retry, or rewrite sections of the
215 PH/07 $acl_verify_message is now set immediately after the failure of a
216 verification in an ACL, and so is available in subsequent modifiers. In
217 particular, the message can be preserved by coding like this:
219 warn !verify = sender
220 set acl_m0 = $acl_verify_message
222 Previously, $acl_verify_message was set only while expanding "message"
223 and "log_message" when a very denied access.
225 PH/08 The redirect router has two new options, sieve_useraddress and
226 sieve_subaddress. These are passed to a Sieve filter to specify the :user
227 and :subaddress parts of an address. Both options are unset by default.
228 However, when a Sieve filter is run, if sieve_useraddress is unset, the
229 entire original local part (including any prefix or suffix) is used for
230 :user. An unset subaddress is treated as an empty subaddress.
232 PH/09 Quota values can be followed by G as well as K and M.
234 PH/10 $message_linecount is a new variable that contains the total number of
235 lines in the header and body of the message. Compare $body_linecount,
236 which is the count for the body only. During the DATA and
237 content-scanning ACLs, $message_linecount contains the number of lines
238 received. Before delivery happens (that is, before filters, routers, and
239 transports run) the count is increased to include the Received: header
240 line that Exim standardly adds, and also any other header lines that are
241 added by ACLs. The blank line that separates the message header from the
242 body is not counted. Here is an example of the use of this variable in a
245 deny message = Too many lines in message header
247 ${if <{250}{${eval: $message_linecount - $body_linecount}}}
249 In the MAIL and RCPT ACLs, the value is zero because at that stage the
250 message has not yet been received.
252 PH/11 In a ${run expansion, the variable $value (which contains the standard
253 output) is now also usable in the "else" string.
255 PH/12 In a pipe transport, although a timeout while waiting for the pipe
256 process to complete was treated as a delivery failure, a timeout while
257 writing the message to the pipe was logged, but erroneously treated as a
258 successful delivery. Such timeouts include transport filter timeouts. For
259 consistency with the overall process timeout, these timeouts are now
260 treated as errors, giving rise to delivery failures by default. However,
261 there is now a new Boolean option for the pipe transport called
262 timeout_defer, which, if set TRUE, converts the failures into defers for
263 both kinds of timeout. A transport filter timeout is now identified in
270 The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.50 release.