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The way with most moving parts at query time is Online Certificate
Status Protocol (OCSP), where the client verifies the certificate
-against an OCSP server run by the CA. This lets the CA track all
-usage of the certs. It requires running software with access to the
-private key of the CA, to sign the responses to the OCSP queries. OCSP
-is based on HTTP and can be proxied accordingly.
+against an OCSP server run by the CA.
+OCSP is based on HTTP and can be proxied accordingly.
+It requires the CA running software with access to the
+private key of the CA, to sign the responses to the OCSP queries.
+Because every client TLS transaction with a server results in an OCSP
+access to the CA, it results in a heavy load on the CA.
+It also lets the CA track all usage of the certs, which is a privacy problem.
The only widespread OCSP server implementation (known to this writer)
comes as part of OpenSSL and aborts on an invalid request, such as
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The third way is OCSP Stapling; in this, the server using a certificate
issued by the CA periodically requests an OCSP proof of validity from
-the OCSP server, then serves it up inline as part of the TLS
+the OCSP server (probably using the original OCSP above),
+then serves it up inline as part of the TLS
negotiation. This approach adds no extra round trips, does not let the
CA track users, scales well with number of certs issued by the CA and is
resilient to temporary OCSP server failures, as long as the server