1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2016 */
6 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
8 /* Exim gets and frees all its store through these functions. In the original
9 implementation there was a lot of mallocing and freeing of small bits of store.
10 The philosophy has now changed to a scheme which includes the concept of
11 "stacking pools" of store. For the short-lived processes, there isn't any real
12 need to do any garbage collection, but the stack concept allows quick resetting
13 in places where this seems sensible.
15 Obviously the long-running processes (the daemon, the queue runner, and eximon)
16 must take care not to eat store.
18 The following different types of store are recognized:
20 . Long-lived, large blocks: This is implemented by retaining the original
21 malloc/free functions, and it used for permanent working buffers and for
22 getting blocks to cut up for the other types.
24 . Long-lived, small blocks: This is used for blocks that have to survive until
25 the process exits. It is implemented as a stacking pool (POOL_PERM). This is
26 functionally the same as store_malloc(), except that the store can't be
27 freed, but I expect it to be more efficient for handling small blocks.
29 . Short-lived, short blocks: Most of the dynamic store falls into this
30 category. It is implemented as a stacking pool (POOL_MAIN) which is reset
31 after accepting a message when multiple messages are received by a single
32 process. Resetting happens at some other times as well, usually fairly
33 locally after some specific processing that needs working store.
35 . There is a separate pool (POOL_SEARCH) that is used only for lookup storage.
36 This means it can be freed when search_tidyup() is called to close down all
42 /* keep config.h before memcheck.h, for NVALGRIND */
48 /* We need to know how to align blocks of data for general use. I'm not sure
49 how to get an alignment factor in general. In the current world, a value of 8
50 is probably right, and this is sizeof(double) on some systems and sizeof(void
51 *) on others, so take the larger of those. Since everything in this expression
52 is a constant, the compiler should optimize it to a simple constant wherever it
53 appears (I checked that gcc does do this). */
56 ((sizeof(void *) > sizeof(double))? sizeof(void *) : sizeof(double))
58 /* Size of block to get from malloc to carve up into smaller ones. This
59 must be a multiple of the alignment. We assume that 8192 is going to be
62 #define STORE_BLOCK_SIZE 8192
64 /* store_reset() will not free the following block if the last used block has
65 less than this much left in it. */
67 #define STOREPOOL_MIN_SIZE 256
69 /* Structure describing the beginning of each big block. */
71 typedef struct storeblock {
72 struct storeblock *next;
76 /* Just in case we find ourselves on a system where the structure above has a
77 length that is not a multiple of the alignment, set up a macro for the padded
80 #define ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK \
81 (((sizeof(storeblock) + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment)
83 /* Variables holding data for the local pools of store. The current pool number
84 is held in store_pool, which is global so that it can be changed from outside.
85 Setting the initial length values to -1 forces a malloc for the first call,
86 even if the length is zero (which is used for getting a point to reset to). */
88 int store_pool = POOL_PERM;
90 static storeblock *chainbase[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
91 static storeblock *current_block[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
92 static void *next_yield[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
93 static int yield_length[3] = { -1, -1, -1 };
95 /* pool_malloc holds the amount of memory used by the store pools; this goes up
96 and down as store is reset or released. nonpool_malloc is the total got by
97 malloc from other calls; this doesn't go down because it is just freed by
100 static int pool_malloc = 0;
101 static int nonpool_malloc = 0;
103 /* This variable is set by store_get() to its yield, and by store_reset() to
104 NULL. This enables string_cat() to optimize its store handling for very long
105 strings. That's why the variable is global. */
107 void *store_last_get[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
111 /*************************************************
112 * Get a block from the current pool *
113 *************************************************/
115 /* Running out of store is a total disaster. This function is called via the
116 macro store_get(). It passes back a block of store within the current big
117 block, getting a new one if necessary. The address is saved in
122 filename source file from which called
123 linenumber line number in source file.
125 Returns: pointer to store (panic on malloc failure)
129 store_get_3(int size, const char *filename, int linenumber)
131 /* Round up the size to a multiple of the alignment. Although this looks a
132 messy statement, because "alignment" is a constant expression, the compiler can
133 do a reasonable job of optimizing, especially if the value of "alignment" is a
134 power of two. I checked this with -O2, and gcc did very well, compiling it to 4
135 instructions on a Sparc (alignment = 8). */
137 if (size % alignment != 0) size += alignment - (size % alignment);
139 /* If there isn't room in the current block, get a new one. The minimum
140 size is STORE_BLOCK_SIZE, and we would expect this to be the norm, since
141 these functions are mostly called for small amounts of store. */
143 if (size > yield_length[store_pool])
145 int length = (size <= STORE_BLOCK_SIZE)? STORE_BLOCK_SIZE : size;
146 int mlength = length + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK;
147 storeblock *newblock = NULL;
149 /* Sometimes store_reset() may leave a block for us; check if we can use it */
151 if (current_block[store_pool] != NULL &&
152 current_block[store_pool]->next != NULL)
154 newblock = current_block[store_pool]->next;
155 if (newblock->length < length)
157 /* Give up on this block, because it's too small */
158 store_free(newblock);
163 /* If there was no free block, get a new one */
165 if (newblock == NULL)
167 pool_malloc += mlength; /* Used in pools */
168 nonpool_malloc -= mlength; /* Exclude from overall total */
169 newblock = store_malloc(mlength);
170 newblock->next = NULL;
171 newblock->length = length;
172 if (chainbase[store_pool] == NULL) chainbase[store_pool] = newblock;
173 else current_block[store_pool]->next = newblock;
176 current_block[store_pool] = newblock;
177 yield_length[store_pool] = newblock->length;
178 next_yield[store_pool] =
179 (void *)((char *)current_block[store_pool] + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK);
180 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(next_yield[store_pool], yield_length[store_pool]);
183 /* There's (now) enough room in the current block; the yield is the next
186 store_last_get[store_pool] = next_yield[store_pool];
188 /* Cut out the debugging stuff for utilities, but stop picky compilers from
191 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
193 linenumber = linenumber;
197 if (running_in_test_harness)
198 debug_printf("---%d Get %5d\n", store_pool, size);
200 debug_printf("---%d Get %6p %5d %-14s %4d\n", store_pool,
201 store_last_get[store_pool], size, filename, linenumber);
203 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */
205 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(store_last_get[store_pool], size);
206 /* Update next pointer and number of bytes left in the current block. */
208 next_yield[store_pool] = (void *)((char *)next_yield[store_pool] + size);
209 yield_length[store_pool] -= size;
211 return store_last_get[store_pool];
216 /*************************************************
217 * Get a block from the PERM pool *
218 *************************************************/
220 /* This is just a convenience function, useful when just a single block is to
225 filename source file from which called
226 linenumber line number in source file.
228 Returns: pointer to store (panic on malloc failure)
232 store_get_perm_3(int size, const char *filename, int linenumber)
235 int old_pool = store_pool;
236 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
237 yield = store_get_3(size, filename, linenumber);
238 store_pool = old_pool;
244 /*************************************************
245 * Extend a block if it is at the top *
246 *************************************************/
248 /* While reading strings of unknown length, it is often the case that the
249 string is being read into the block at the top of the stack. If it needs to be
250 extended, it is more efficient just to extend the top block rather than
251 allocate a new block and then have to copy the data. This function is provided
252 for the use of string_cat(), but of course can be used elsewhere too.
255 ptr pointer to store block
256 oldsize current size of the block, as requested by user
257 newsize new size required
258 filename source file from which called
259 linenumber line number in source file
261 Returns: TRUE if the block is at the top of the stack and has been
262 extended; FALSE if it isn't at the top of the stack, or cannot
267 store_extend_3(void *ptr, int oldsize, int newsize, const char *filename,
270 int inc = newsize - oldsize;
271 int rounded_oldsize = oldsize;
273 if (rounded_oldsize % alignment != 0)
274 rounded_oldsize += alignment - (rounded_oldsize % alignment);
276 if ((char *)ptr + rounded_oldsize != (char *)(next_yield[store_pool]) ||
277 inc > yield_length[store_pool] + rounded_oldsize - oldsize)
280 /* Cut out the debugging stuff for utilities, but stop picky compilers from
283 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
285 linenumber = linenumber;
289 if (running_in_test_harness)
290 debug_printf("---%d Ext %5d\n", store_pool, newsize);
292 debug_printf("---%d Ext %6p %5d %-14s %4d\n", store_pool, ptr, newsize,
293 filename, linenumber);
295 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */
297 if (newsize % alignment != 0) newsize += alignment - (newsize % alignment);
298 next_yield[store_pool] = (char *)ptr + newsize;
299 yield_length[store_pool] -= newsize - rounded_oldsize;
300 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(ptr + oldsize, inc);
307 /*************************************************
308 * Back up to a previous point on the stack *
309 *************************************************/
311 /* This function resets the next pointer, freeing any subsequent whole blocks
312 that are now unused. Normally it is given a pointer that was the yield of a
313 call to store_get, and is therefore aligned, but it may be given an offset
314 after such a pointer in order to release the end of a block and anything that
318 ptr place to back up to
319 filename source file from which called
320 linenumber line number in source file
326 store_reset_3(void *ptr, const char *filename, int linenumber)
329 storeblock *b = current_block[store_pool];
330 char *bc = (char *)b + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK;
333 /* Last store operation was not a get */
335 store_last_get[store_pool] = NULL;
337 /* See if the place is in the current block - as it often will be. Otherwise,
338 search for the block in which it lies. */
340 if ((char *)ptr < bc || (char *)ptr > bc + b->length)
342 for (b = chainbase[store_pool]; b != NULL; b = b->next)
344 bc = (char *)b + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK;
345 if ((char *)ptr >= bc && (char *)ptr <= bc + b->length) break;
348 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "internal error: store_reset(%p) "
349 "failed: pool=%d %-14s %4d", ptr, store_pool, filename, linenumber);
352 /* Back up, rounding to the alignment if necessary. When testing, flatten
353 the released memory. */
355 newlength = bc + b->length - (char *)ptr;
356 #ifndef COMPILE_UTILITY
357 if (running_in_test_harness)
359 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(ptr, newlength);
360 memset(ptr, 0xF0, newlength);
363 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(ptr, newlength);
364 yield_length[store_pool] = newlength - (newlength % alignment);
365 next_yield[store_pool] = (char *)ptr + (newlength % alignment);
366 current_block[store_pool] = b;
368 /* Free any subsequent block. Do NOT free the first successor, if our
369 current block has less than 256 bytes left. This should prevent us from
370 flapping memory. However, keep this block only when it has the default size. */
372 if (yield_length[store_pool] < STOREPOOL_MIN_SIZE &&
374 b->next->length == STORE_BLOCK_SIZE)
377 (void) VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS((char *)b + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK,
378 b->length - ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK);
388 pool_malloc -= b->length + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK;
389 store_free_3(b, filename, linenumber);
392 /* Cut out the debugging stuff for utilities, but stop picky compilers from
395 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
397 linenumber = linenumber;
401 if (running_in_test_harness)
402 debug_printf("---%d Rst ** %d\n", store_pool, pool_malloc);
404 debug_printf("---%d Rst %6p ** %-14s %4d %d\n", store_pool, ptr,
405 filename, linenumber, pool_malloc);
407 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */
414 /************************************************
416 ************************************************/
418 /* This function is specifically provided for use when reading very
419 long strings, e.g. header lines. When the string gets longer than a
420 complete block, it gets copied to a new block. It is helpful to free
421 the old block iff the previous copy of the string is at its start,
422 and therefore the only thing in it. Otherwise, for very long strings,
423 dead store can pile up somewhat disastrously. This function checks that
424 the pointer it is given is the first thing in a block, and if so,
428 block block of store to consider
429 filename source file from which called
430 linenumber line number in source file
436 store_release_3(void *block, const char *filename, int linenumber)
440 /* It will never be the first block, so no need to check that. */
442 for (b = chainbase[store_pool]; b != NULL; b = b->next)
444 storeblock *bb = b->next;
445 if (bb != NULL && (char *)block == (char *)bb + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK)
448 pool_malloc -= bb->length + ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK;
450 /* Cut out the debugging stuff for utilities, but stop picky compilers
451 from giving warnings. */
453 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
455 linenumber = linenumber;
459 if (running_in_test_harness)
460 debug_printf("-Release %d\n", pool_malloc);
462 debug_printf("-Release %6p %-20s %4d %d\n", (void *)bb, filename,
463 linenumber, pool_malloc);
465 if (running_in_test_harness)
466 memset(bb, 0xF0, bb->length+ALIGNED_SIZEOF_STOREBLOCK);
467 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */
478 /*************************************************
480 *************************************************/
482 /* Running out of store is a total disaster for exim. Some malloc functions
483 do not run happily on very small sizes, nor do they document this fact. This
484 function is called via the macro store_malloc().
487 size amount of store wanted
488 filename source file from which called
489 linenumber line number in source file
491 Returns: pointer to gotten store (panic on failure)
495 store_malloc_3(int size, const char *filename, int linenumber)
499 if (size < 16) size = 16;
500 yield = malloc((size_t)size);
503 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "failed to malloc %d bytes of memory: "
504 "called from line %d of %s", size, linenumber, filename);
506 nonpool_malloc += size;
508 /* Cut out the debugging stuff for utilities, but stop picky compilers from
511 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
513 linenumber = linenumber;
516 /* If running in test harness, spend time making sure all the new store
517 is not filled with zeros so as to catch problems. */
519 if (running_in_test_harness)
521 memset(yield, 0xF0, (size_t)size);
522 DEBUG(D_memory) debug_printf("--Malloc %5d %d %d\n", size, pool_malloc,
527 DEBUG(D_memory) debug_printf("--Malloc %6p %5d %-14s %4d %d %d\n", yield,
528 size, filename, linenumber, pool_malloc, nonpool_malloc);
530 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */
536 /************************************************
538 ************************************************/
540 /* This function is called by the macro store_free().
543 block block of store to free
544 filename source file from which called
545 linenumber line number in source file
551 store_free_3(void *block, const char *filename, int linenumber)
553 #ifdef COMPILE_UTILITY
555 linenumber = linenumber;
559 if (running_in_test_harness)
560 debug_printf("----Free\n");
562 debug_printf("----Free %6p %-20s %4d\n", block, filename, linenumber);
564 #endif /* COMPILE_UTILITY */