1 $Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt,v 1.12 2009/06/11 14:07:57 tom Exp $
3 From time to time, experimental features may be added to Exim.
4 While a feature is experimental, there will be a build-time
5 option whose name starts "EXPERIMENTAL_" that must be set in
6 order to include the feature. This file contains information
7 about experimenatal features, all of which are unstable and
8 liable to incompatibile change.
11 Brightmail AntiSpam (BMI) suppport
12 --------------------------------------------------------------
14 Brightmail AntiSpam is a commercial package. Please see
15 http://www.brightmail.com for more information on
16 the product. For the sake of clarity, we'll refer to it as
20 0) BMI concept and implementation overview
22 In contrast to how spam-scanning with SpamAssassin is
23 implemented in exiscan-acl, BMI is more suited for per
24 -recipient scanning of messages. However, each messages is
25 scanned only once, but multiple "verdicts" for multiple
26 recipients can be returned from the BMI server. The exiscan
27 implementation passes the message to the BMI server just
28 before accepting it. It then adds the retrieved verdicts to
29 the messages header file in the spool. These verdicts can then
30 be queried in routers, where operation is per-recipient
31 instead of per-message. To use BMI, you need to take the
34 1) Compile Exim with BMI support
35 2) Set up main BMI options (top section of Exim config file)
36 3) Set up ACL control statement (ACL section of the config
38 4) Set up your routers to use BMI verdicts (routers section
40 5) (Optional) Set up per-recipient opt-in information.
42 These four steps are explained in more details below.
44 1) Adding support for BMI at compile time
46 To compile with BMI support, you need to link Exim against
47 the Brighmail client SDK, consisting of a library
48 (libbmiclient_single.so) and a header file (bmi_api.h).
49 You'll also need to explicitly set a flag in the Makefile to
50 include BMI support in the Exim binary. Both can be achieved
51 with these lines in Local/Makefile:
53 EXPERIMENTAL_BRIGHTMAIL=yes
54 CFLAGS=-I/path/to/the/dir/with/the/includefile
55 EXTRALIBS_EXIM=-L/path/to/the/dir/with/the/library -lbmiclient_single
57 If you use other CFLAGS or EXTRALIBS_EXIM settings then
58 merge the content of these lines with them.
60 Note for BMI6.x users: You'll also have to add -lxml2_single
61 to the EXTRALIBS_EXIM line. Users of 5.5x do not need to do
64 You should also include the location of
65 libbmiclient_single.so in your dynamic linker configuration
66 file (usually /etc/ld.so.conf) and run "ldconfig"
67 afterwards, or else the produced Exim binary will not be
68 able to find the library file.
71 2) Setting up BMI support in the Exim main configuration
73 To enable BMI support in the main Exim configuration, you
74 should set the path to the main BMI configuration file with
75 the "bmi_config_file" option, like this:
77 bmi_config_file = /opt/brightmail/etc/brightmail.cfg
79 This must go into section 1 of Exim's configuration file (You
80 can put it right on top). If you omit this option, it
81 defaults to /opt/brightmail/etc/brightmail.cfg.
83 Note for BMI6.x users: This file is in XML format in V6.xx
84 and its name is /opt/brightmail/etc/bmiconfig.xml. So BMI
85 6.x users MUST set the bmi_config_file option.
88 3) Set up ACL control statement
90 To optimize performance, it makes sense only to process
91 messages coming from remote, untrusted sources with the BMI
92 server. To set up a messages for processing by the BMI
93 server, you MUST set the "bmi_run" control statement in any
94 ACL for an incoming message. You will typically do this in
95 an "accept" block in the "acl_check_rcpt" ACL. You should
96 use the "accept" block(s) that accept messages from remote
97 servers for your own domain(s). Here is an example that uses
98 the "accept" blocks from Exim's default configuration file:
101 accept domains = +local_domains
106 accept domains = +relay_to_domains
111 If bmi_run is not set in any ACL during reception of the
112 message, it will NOT be passed to the BMI server.
115 4) Setting up routers to use BMI verdicts
117 When a message has been run through the BMI server, one or
118 more "verdicts" are present. Different recipients can have
119 different verdicts. Each recipient is treated individually
120 during routing, so you can query the verdicts by recipient
121 at that stage. From Exim's view, a verdict can have the
124 o deliver the message normally
125 o deliver the message to an alternate location
126 o do not deliver the message
128 To query the verdict for a recipient, the implementation
129 offers the following tools:
132 - Boolean router preconditions. These can be used in any
133 router. For a simple implementation of BMI, these may be
134 all that you need. The following preconditions are
137 o bmi_deliver_default
139 This precondition is TRUE if the verdict for the
140 recipient is to deliver the message normally. If the
141 message has not been processed by the BMI server, this
142 variable defaults to TRUE.
144 o bmi_deliver_alternate
146 This precondition is TRUE if the verdict for the
147 recipient is to deliver the message to an alternate
148 location. You can get the location string from the
149 $bmi_alt_location expansion variable if you need it. See
150 further below. If the message has not been processed by
151 the BMI server, this variable defaults to FALSE.
155 This precondition is TRUE if the verdict for the
156 recipient is NOT to deliver the message to the
157 recipient. You will typically use this precondition in a
158 top-level blackhole router, like this:
160 # don't deliver messages handled by the BMI server
166 This router should be on top of all others, so messages
167 that should not be delivered do not reach other routers
168 at all. If the message has not been processed by
169 the BMI server, this variable defaults to FALSE.
172 - A list router precondition to query if rules "fired" on
173 the message for the recipient. Its name is "bmi_rule". You
174 use it by passing it a colon-separated list of rule
175 numbers. You can use this condition to route messages that
176 matched specific rules. Here is an example:
178 # special router for BMI rule #5, #8 and #11
182 data = postmaster@mydomain.com
185 - Expansion variables. Several expansion variables are set
186 during routing. You can use them in custom router
187 conditions, for example. The following variables are
190 o $bmi_base64_verdict
192 This variable will contain the BASE64 encoded verdict
193 for the recipient being routed. You can use it to add a
194 header to messages for tracking purposes, for example:
199 headers_add = X-Brightmail-Verdict: $bmi_base64_verdict
200 transport = local_delivery
202 If there is no verdict available for the recipient being
203 routed, this variable contains the empty string.
205 o $bmi_base64_tracker_verdict
207 This variable will contain a BASE64 encoded subset of
208 the verdict information concerning the "rules" that
209 fired on the message. You can add this string to a
210 header, commonly named "X-Brightmail-Tracker". Example:
215 headers_add = X-Brightmail-Tracker: $bmi_base64_tracker_verdict
216 transport = local_delivery
218 If there is no verdict available for the recipient being
219 routed, this variable contains the empty string.
223 If the verdict is to redirect the message to an
224 alternate location, this variable will contain the
225 alternate location string returned by the BMI server. In
226 its default configuration, this is a header-like string
227 that can be added to the message with "headers_add". If
228 there is no verdict available for the recipient being
229 routed, or if the message is to be delivered normally,
230 this variable contains the empty string.
234 This is an additional integer variable that can be used
235 to query if the message should be delivered at all. You
236 should use router preconditions instead if possible.
238 $bmi_deliver is '0': the message should NOT be delivered.
239 $bmi_deliver is '1': the message should be delivered.
242 IMPORTANT NOTE: Verdict inheritance.
243 The message is passed to the BMI server during message
244 reception, using the target addresses from the RCPT TO:
245 commands in the SMTP transaction. If recipients get expanded
246 or re-written (for example by aliasing), the new address(es)
247 inherit the verdict from the original address. This means
248 that verdicts also apply to all "child" addresses generated
249 from top-level addresses that were sent to the BMI server.
252 5) Using per-recipient opt-in information (Optional)
254 The BMI server features multiple scanning "profiles" for
255 individual recipients. These are usually stored in a LDAP
256 server and are queried by the BMI server itself. However,
257 you can also pass opt-in data for each recipient from the
258 MTA to the BMI server. This is particularly useful if you
259 already look up recipient data in Exim anyway (which can
260 also be stored in a SQL database or other source). This
261 implementation enables you to pass opt-in data to the BMI
262 server in the RCPT ACL. This works by setting the
263 'bmi_optin' modifier in a block of that ACL. If should be
264 set to a list of comma-separated strings that identify the
265 features which the BMI server should use for that particular
266 recipient. Ideally, you would use the 'bmi_optin' modifier
267 in the same ACL block where you set the 'bmi_run' control
268 flag. Here is an example that will pull opt-in data for each
269 recipient from a flat file called
270 '/etc/exim/bmi_optin_data'.
274 user1@mydomain.com: <OPTIN STRING1>:<OPTIN STRING2>
275 user2@thatdomain.com: <OPTIN STRING3>
280 accept domains = +relay_to_domains
283 bmi_optin = ${lookup{$local_part@$domain}lsearch{/etc/exim/bmi_optin_data}}
286 Of course, you can also use any other lookup method that
287 Exim supports, including LDAP, Postgres, MySQL, Oracle etc.,
288 as long as the result is a list of colon-separated opt-in
291 For a list of available opt-in strings, please contact your
292 Brightmail representative.
297 Sender Policy Framework (SPF) support
298 --------------------------------------------------------------
300 To learn more about SPF, visit http://www.openspf.org. This
301 document does not explain the SPF fundamentals, you should
302 read and understand the implications of deploying SPF on your
303 system before doing so.
305 SPF support is added via the libspf2 library. Visit
307 http://www.libspf2.org/
309 to obtain a copy, then compile and install it. By default,
310 this will put headers in /usr/local/include and the static
311 library in /usr/local/lib.
313 To compile Exim with SPF support, set these additional flags in
317 CFLAGS=-DSPF -I/usr/local/include
318 EXTRALIBS_EXIM=-L/usr/local/lib -lspf2
320 This assumes that the libspf2 files are installed in
321 their default locations.
323 You can now run SPF checks in incoming SMTP by using the "spf"
324 ACL condition in either the MAIL, RCPT or DATA ACLs. When
325 using it in the RCPT ACL, you can make the checks dependend on
326 the RCPT address (or domain), so you can check SPF records
327 only for certain target domains. This gives you the
328 possibility to opt-out certain customers that do not want
329 their mail to be subject to SPF checking.
331 The spf condition takes a list of strings on its right-hand
332 side. These strings describe the outcome of the SPF check for
333 which the spf condition should succeed. Valid strings are:
335 o pass The SPF check passed, the sending host
336 is positively verified by SPF.
337 o fail The SPF check failed, the sending host
338 is NOT allowed to send mail for the domain
339 in the envelope-from address.
340 o softfail The SPF check failed, but the queried
341 domain can't absolutely confirm that this
343 o none The queried domain does not publish SPF
345 o neutral The SPF check returned a "neutral" state.
346 This means the queried domain has published
347 a SPF record, but wants to allow outside
348 servers to send mail under its domain as well.
349 o err_perm This indicates a syntax error in the SPF
350 record of the queried domain. This should be
352 o err_temp This indicates a temporary error during all
353 processing, including Exim's SPF processing.
354 You may defer messages when this occurs.
356 You can prefix each string with an exclamation mark to invert
357 is meaning, for example "!fail" will match all results but
358 "fail". The string list is evaluated left-to-right, in a
359 short-circuit fashion. When a string matches the outcome of
360 the SPF check, the condition succeeds. If none of the listed
361 strings matches the outcome of the SPF check, the condition
364 Here is an example to fail forgery attempts from domains that
368 deny message = $sender_host_address is not allowed to send mail from ${if def:sender_address_domain {$sender_address_domain}{$sender_helo_name}}. \
369 Please see http://www.openspf.org/Why?scope=${if def:sender_address_domain {mfrom}{helo}};identity=${if def:sender_address_domain {$sender_address}{$sender_helo_name}};ip=$sender_host_address
371 --------------------- */
373 You can also give special treatment to specific domains:
376 deny message = AOL sender, but not from AOL-approved relay.
377 sender_domains = aol.com
379 --------------------- */
381 Explanation: AOL publishes SPF records, but is liberal and
382 still allows non-approved relays to send mail from aol.com.
383 This will result in a "neutral" state, while mail from genuine
384 AOL servers will result in "pass". The example above takes
385 this into account and treats "neutral" like "fail", but only
386 for aol.com. Please note that this violates the SPF draft.
388 When the spf condition has run, it sets up several expansion
392 This contains a human-readable string describing the outcome
393 of the SPF check. You can add it to a custom header or use
394 it for logging purposes.
397 This contains a complete Received-SPF: header that can be
398 added to the message. Please note that according to the SPF
399 draft, this header must be added at the top of the header
400 list. Please see section 10 on how you can do this.
402 Note: in case of "Best-guess" (see below), the convention is
403 to put this string in a header called X-SPF-Guess: instead.
406 This contains the outcome of the SPF check in string form,
407 one of pass, fail, softfail, none, neutral, err_perm or
411 This contains a string that can be used in a SMTP response
412 to the calling party. Useful for "fail".
414 In addition to SPF, you can also perform checks for so-called
415 "Best-guess". Strictly speaking, "Best-guess" is not standard
416 SPF, but it is supported by the same framework that enables SPF
417 capability. Refer to http://www.openspf.org/FAQ/Best_guess_record
418 for a description of what it means.
420 To access this feature, simply use the spf_guess condition in place
421 of the spf one. For example:
424 deny message = $sender_host_address doesn't look trustworthy to me
426 --------------------- */
428 In case you decide to reject messages based on this check, you
429 should note that although it uses the same framework, "Best-guess"
430 is NOT SPF, and therefore you should not mention SPF at all in your
433 When the spf_guess condition has run, it sets up the same expansion
434 variables as when spf condition is run, described above.
436 Additionally, since Best-guess is not standarized, you may redefine
437 what "Best-guess" means to you by redefining spf_guess variable in
438 global config. For example, the following:
441 spf_guess = v=spf1 a/16 mx/16 ptr ?all
442 --------------------- */
444 would relax host matching rules to a broader network range.
447 SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support
448 --------------------------------------------------------------
450 Exiscan currently includes SRS support via Miles Wilton's
451 libsrs_alt library. The current version of the supported
454 In order to use SRS, you must get a copy of libsrs_alt from
456 http://srs.mirtol.com/
458 Unpack the tarball, then refer to MTAs/README.EXIM
459 to proceed. You need to set
463 in your Local/Makefile.
466 --------------------------------------------------------------
468 --------------------------------------------------------------