dotted-nibble hexadecimal form. In both cases, this is the "natural" form
for DNS. For example,
.code
-${reverse_ip:192.0.2.4} and ${reverse_ip:2001:0db8:c42:9:1:abcd:192.0.2.3}
+${reverse_ip:192.0.2.4}
+${reverse_ip:2001:0db8:c42:9:1:abcd:192.0.2.3}
.endd
returns
.code
-4.2.0.192 and 3.0.2.0.0.0.0.c.d.c.b.a.1.0.0.0.9.0.0.0.2.4.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2
+4.2.0.192
+3.0.2.0.0.0.0.c.d.c.b.a.1.0.0.0.9.0.0.0.2.4.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2
.endd
When a TLS session is being established, if the client sends the Server
Name Indication extension, the value will be placed in this variable.
If the variable appears in &%tls_certificate%& then this option and
-&%tls_privatekey%& will be re-expanded early in the TLS session, to permit
+some others, described in &<<SECTtlssni>>&,
+will be re-expanded early in the TLS session, to permit
a different certificate to be presented (and optionally a different key to be
used) to the client, based upon the value of the SNI extension.
An example:
.code
-openssl_options = -all +microsoft_big_sslv3_buffer +dont_insert_empty_fragments
+# Make both old MS and old Eudora happy:
+openssl_options = -all +microsoft_big_sslv3_buffer \
+ +dont_insert_empty_fragments
.endd
Possible options may include:
.new
If the option contains &$tls_sni$& and Exim is built against OpenSSL, then
if the OpenSSL build supports TLS extensions and the TLS client sends the
-Server Name Indication extension, then this option and &%tls_privatekey%&
-will be re-expanded.
+Server Name Indication extension, then this option and others documented in
+&<<SECTtlssni>>& will be re-expanded.
.wen
.option tls_crl main string&!! unset
This option specifies a certificate revocation list. The expanded value must
be the name of a file that contains a CRL in PEM format.
+.new
+See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
+.wen
+
.option tls_dhparam main string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "D-H parameters for server"
&<<CHAPTLS>>& for further details.
.new
-See &%tls_certificate%& discussion of &$tls_sni$& for when this option may be
-re-expanded.
+See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
.wen
Thus the values defined should be considered public data. To avoid this,
use OpenSSL with a directory.
+.new
+See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
+.wen
+
.option tls_verify_hosts main "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "client certificate verification"
.section "Use of $tls_cipher and $tls_peerdn" "usecippeer"
+.vindex &$tls_bits$&
.vindex &$tls_cipher$&
.vindex &$tls_peerdn$&
-At the start of a run of the &(smtp)& transport, the values of &$tls_cipher$&
-and &$tls_peerdn$& are the values that were set when the message was received.
+.vindex &$tls_sni$&
+At the start of a run of the &(smtp)& transport, the values of &$tls_bits$&,
+&$tls_cipher$&, &$tls_peerdn$& and &$tls_sni$&
+are the values that were set when the message was received.
These are the values that are used for options that are expanded before any
-SMTP connections are made. Just before each connection is made, these two
+SMTP connections are made. Just before each connection is made, these four
variables are emptied. If TLS is subsequently started, they are set to the
appropriate values for the outgoing connection, and these are the values that
are in force when any authenticators are run and when the
the remote side, which can be used by the remote side to select an appropriate
certificate and private key for the session.
+See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for more information.
+
OpenSSL only, also requiring a build of OpenSSL that supports TLS extensions.
.wen
server_prompts = Username:: : Password::
server_condition = ${if and{{ \
!eq{}{$auth1} }{ \
- ldapauth{user="cn=${quote_ldap_dn:$auth1},ou=people,o=example.org" \
- pass=${quote:$auth2} \
- ldap://ldap.example.org/} }} }
+ ldapauth{\
+ user="uid=${quote_ldap_dn:$auth1},ou=people,o=example.org" \
+ pass=${quote:$auth2} \
+ ldap://ldap.example.org/} }} }
server_set_id = uid=$auth1,ou=people,o=example.org
.endd
We have to check that the username is not empty before using it, because LDAP
.next
The &%tls_require_ciphers%& options operate differently, as described in the
sections &<<SECTreqciphssl>>& and &<<SECTreqciphgnu>>&.
+.new
+.next
+Some other recently added features may only be available in one or the other.
+This should be documented with the feature. If the documentation does not
+explicitly state that the feature is infeasible in the other TLS
+implementation, then patches are welcome.
+.wen
.endlist
which the client is connected. Forced failure of an expansion causes Exim to
behave as if the relevant option were unset.
+.vindex &$tls_bits$&
.vindex &$tls_cipher$&
.vindex &$tls_peerdn$&
-Before an SMTP connection is established, the &$tls_cipher$& and &$tls_peerdn$&
+.vindex &$tls_sni$&
+Before an SMTP connection is established, the
+&$tls_bits$&, &$tls_cipher$&, &$tls_peerdn$& and &$tls_sni$&
variables are emptied. (Until the first connection, they contain the values
that were set when the message was received.) If STARTTLS is subsequently
successfully obeyed, these variables are set to the relevant values for the
+.new
+.section "Use of TLS Server Name Indication" "SECTtlssni"
+.cindex "TLS" "Server Name Indication"
+.vindex "&$tls_sni$&"
+.oindex "&%tls_sni%&"
+With TLS1.0 or above, there is an extension mechanism by which extra
+information can be included at various points in the protocol. One of these
+extensions, documented in RFC 6066 (and before that RFC 4366) is
+&"Server Name Indication"&, commonly &"SNI"&. This extension is sent by the
+client in the initial handshake, so that the server can examine the servername
+within and possibly choose to use different certificates and keys (and more)
+for this session.
+
+This is analagous to HTTP's &"Host:"& header, and is the main mechanism by
+which HTTPS-enabled web-sites can be virtual-hosted, many sites to one IP
+address.
+
+With SMTP to MX, there are the same problems here as in choosing the identity
+against which to validate a certificate: you can't rely on insecure DNS to
+provide the identity which you then cryptographically verify. So this will
+be of limited use in that environment.
+
+With SMTP to Submission, there is a well-defined hostname which clients are
+connecting to and can validate certificates against. Thus clients &*can*&
+choose to include this information in the TLS negotiation. If this becomes
+wide-spread, then hosters can choose to present different certificates to
+different clients. Or even negotiate different cipher suites.
+
+The &%tls_sni%& option on an SMTP transport is an expanded string; the result,
+if not empty, will be sent on a TLS session as part of the handshake. There's
+nothing more to it. Choosing a sensible value not derived insecurely is the
+only point of caution. The &$tls_sni$& variable will be set to this string
+for the lifetime of the client connection (including during authentication).
+
+Except during SMTP client sessions, if &$tls_sni$& is set then it is a string
+received from a client.
+It can be logged with the &%log_selector%& item &`+tls_sni`&.
+
+If the string &`tls_sni`& appears in the main section's &%tls_certificate%&
+option (prior to expansion) then the following options will be re-expanded
+during TLS session handshake, to permit alternative values to be chosen:
+
+.ilist
+.vindex "&%tls_certificate%&"
+&%tls_certificate%&
+.next
+.vindex "&%tls_crl%&"
+&%tls_crl%&
+.next
+.vindex "&%tls_privatekey%&"
+&%tls_privatekey%&
+.next
+.vindex "&%tls_verify_certificates%&"
+&%tls_verify_certificates%&
+.endlist
+
+Great care should be taken to deal with matters of case, various injection
+attacks in the string (&`../`& or SQL), and ensuring that a valid filename
+can always be referenced; it is important to remember that &$tls_sni$& is
+arbitrary unverified data provided prior to authentication.
+
+The Exim developers are proceeding cautiously and so far no other TLS options
+are re-expanded.
+
+Currently SNI support is only available if using OpenSSL, with TLS Extensions
+support enabled therein.
+.wen
+
+
+
.section "Multiple messages on the same encrypted TCP/IP connection" &&&
"SECTmulmessam"
.cindex "multiple SMTP deliveries with TLS"
new rate.
.code
acl_check_connect:
- deny ratelimit = 100 / 5m / readonly
- log_message = RATE CHECK: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \
- (max $sender_rate_limit)
+ deny ratelimit = 100 / 5m / readonly
+ log_message = RATE CHECK: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \
+ (max $sender_rate_limit)
# ...
acl_check_mail:
- warn ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict
- log_message = RATE UPDATE: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \
- (max $sender_rate_limit)
+ warn ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict
+ log_message = RATE UPDATE: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \
+ (max $sender_rate_limit)
.endd
If Exim encounters multiple &%ratelimit%& conditions with the same key when
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.chapter "Support for DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) - RFC4871" "CHID12" &&&
+.chapter "Support for DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)" "CHID12" &&&
"DKIM Support"
.cindex "DKIM"
+DKIM is a mechanism by which messages sent by some entity can be provably
+linked to a domain which that entity controls. It permits reputation to
+be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address.
+DKIM is documented in RFC 4871.
+
Since version 4.70, DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default. It can be
disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in Local/Makefile.
Please note that verification of DKIM signatures in incoming mail is turned
on by default for logging purposes. For each signature in incoming email,
exim will log a line displaying the most important signature details, and the
-signature status. Here is an example:
+signature status. Here is an example (with line-breaks added for clarity):
.code
-2009-09-09 10:22:28 1MlIRf-0003LU-U3 DKIM: d=facebookmail.com s=q1-2009b c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1 i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded]
+2009-09-09 10:22:28 1MlIRf-0003LU-U3 DKIM:
+ d=facebookmail.com s=q1-2009b
+ c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1
+ i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded]
.endd
You might want to turn off DKIM verification processing entirely for internal
or relay mail sources. To do that, set the &%dkim_disable_verify%& ACL
verb to a group of domains or identities. For example:
.code
-# Warn when message apparently from GMail has no signature at all
+# Warn when Mail purportedly from GMail has no signature at all
warn log_message = GMail sender without DKIM signature
sender_domains = gmail.com
dkim_signers = gmail.com
.vitem &%dkim_status%&
ACL condition that checks a colon-separated list of possible DKIM verification
results agains the actual result of verification. This is typically used
-to restrict an ACL verb to a list of verification outcomes, like:
+to restrict an ACL verb to a list of verification outcomes, for example:
.code
-deny message = Message from Paypal with invalid or missing signature
+deny message = Mail from Paypal with invalid/missing signature
sender_domains = paypal.com:paypal.de
dkim_signers = paypal.com:paypal.de
dkim_status = none:invalid:fail
git://git.exim.org / users / jgh / exim.git / blobdiff