in the ASCII character set, and to label them as being in a particular
character set. When Exim is inspecting header lines by means of the &%$h_%&
mechanism, it decodes them, and translates them into a specified character set
-(default ISO-8859-1). The translation is possible only if the operating system
+(default is set at build time). The translation is possible only if the operating system
supports the &[iconv()]& function.
However, some of the operating systems that supply &[iconv()]& do not support
If &%config%& is given as an argument, the config is
output, as it was parsed, any include file resolved, any comment removed.
-If &%configure_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time
-configuration file is output.
+If &%config_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time
+configuration file is output. (&%configure_file%& works too, for
+backward compatibility.)
If a list of configuration files was supplied, the value that is output here
is the name of the file that was actually used.
settings can be obtained by using &%routers%&, &%transports%&, or
&%authenticators%&.
+.cindex "environment"
+If &%environment%& is given as an argument, the set of environment
+variables is output, line by line. Using the &%-n%& flag supresses the value of the
+variables.
+
.cindex "options" "macro &-- extracting"
If invoked by an admin user, then &%macro%&, &%macro_list%& and &%macros%&
are available, similarly to the drivers. Because macros are sometimes used
file that exists is used. Failure to open an existing file stops Exim from
proceeding any further along the list, and an error is generated.
+The file names need to be absolute names.
+
When this option is used by a caller other than root, and the list is different
from the compiled-in list, Exim gives up its root privilege immediately, and
runs with the real and effective uid and gid set to those of the caller.
exim '-D ABC = something' ...
.endd
&%-D%& may be repeated up to 10 times on a command line.
+.new
+Only macro names up to 22 letters long can be set.
+.wen
.vitem &%-d%&<&'debug&~options'&>
&(pgsql)&: The format of the query is an SQL statement that is passed to a
PostgreSQL database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+.next
+.new
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+&(redis)&: The format of the query is an SQL statement that is passed to a
+Redis database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+.wen
+
.next
.cindex "sqlite lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "sqlite"
must be &"follow"& (the default) or &"nofollow"&. The latter stops the LDAP
library from trying to follow referrals issued by the LDAP server.
+.cindex LDAP timeout
+.cindex timeout "LDAP lookup"
The name CONNECT is an obsolete name for NETTIME, retained for
backwards compatibility. This timeout (specified as a number of seconds) is
enforced from the client end for operations that can be carried out over a
The &(ldapdn)& lookup type returns the Distinguished Name from a single entry
as a sequence of values, for example
.code
-cn=manager, o=University of Cambridge, c=UK
+cn=manager,o=University of Cambridge,c=UK
.endd
The &(ldap)& lookup type generates an error if more than one entry matches the
search filter, whereas &(ldapm)& permits this case, and inserts a newline in
In the common case where you specify a single attribute in your LDAP query, the
result is not quoted, and does not contain the attribute name. If the attribute
-has multiple values, they are separated by commas.
+has multiple values, they are separated by commas. Any comma that is
+part of an attribute's value is doubled.
If you specify multiple attributes, the result contains space-separated, quoted
strings, each preceded by the attribute name and an equals sign. Within the
Here are some examples of the output format. The first line of each pair is an
LDAP query, and the second is the data that is returned. The attribute called
&%attr1%& has two values, one of them with an embedded comma, whereas
-&%attr2%& has only one value:
+&%attr2%& has only one value. Both attributes are derived from &%attr%&
+(they have SUP &%attr%& in their schema definitions).
+
.code
ldap:///o=base?attr1?sub?(uid=fred)
value1.1,value1,,2
ldap:///o=base?attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
value two
+ldap:///o=base?attr?sub?(uid=fred)
+value1.1,value1,,2,value two
+
ldap:///o=base?attr1,attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
attr1="value1.1,value1,,2" attr2="value two"
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Redis,
+and SQLite
databases. Queries for these databases contain SQL statements, so an example
might be
.code
with a newline between the data for each row.
-.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and InterBase" "SECID72"
+.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase, and Redis" "SECID72"
.cindex "MySQL" "lookup type"
.cindex "PostgreSQL lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "MySQL"
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, or InterBase lookups are used, the
-&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, or &%ibase_servers%&
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase or Redis lookups are used, the
+&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, &%ibase_servers%&,
+or &%redis_servers%&
option (as appropriate) must be set to a colon-separated list of server
information.
-(For MySQL and PostgreSQL only, the global option need not be set if all
+(For MySQL and PostgreSQL, the global option need not be set if all
queries contain their own server information &-- see section
-&<<SECTspeserque>>&.) Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
+&<<SECTspeserque>>&.)
+For all but Redis
+each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
items: host name, database name, user name, and password. In the case of
Oracle, the host name field is used for the &"service name"&, and the database
name field is not used and should be empty. For example:
found, but that is still a successful query. In other words, the list of
servers provides a backup facility, not a list of different places to look.
+.new
+For Redis the global option need not be specified if all queries contain their
+own server information &-- see section &<<SECTspeserque>>&.
+If specified, the option must be set to a colon-separated list of server
+information.
+Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of three items:
+host, database number, and password.
+.olist
+The host is required and may be either an IPv4 address and optional
+port number (separated by a colon, which needs doubling due to the
+higher-level list), or a Unix socket pathname enclosed in parentheses
+.next
+The database number is optional; if present that number is selected in the backend
+.next
+The password is optional; if present it is used to authenticate to the backend
+.endlist
+.wen
+
.new
The &%quote_mysql%&, &%quote_pgsql%&, and &%quote_oracle%& expansion operators
convert newline, tab, carriage return, and backspace to \n, \t, \r, and \b
respectively, and the characters single-quote, double-quote, and backslash
itself are escaped with backslashes.
+
+The &%quote_redis%& expansion operator
+escapes whitespace and backslash characters with a backslash.
.wen
.section "Specifying the server in the query" "SECTspeserque"
-For MySQL and PostgreSQL lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
+For MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
it is possible to specify a list of servers with an individual query. This is
done by starting the query with
.display
.section "Special MySQL features" "SECID73"
For MySQL, an empty host name or the use of &"localhost"& in &%mysql_servers%&
causes a connection to the server on the local host by means of a Unix domain
-socket. An alternate socket can be specified in parentheses. The full syntax of
-each item in &%mysql_servers%& is:
+socket. An alternate socket can be specified in parentheses.
+.new
+An option group name for MySQL option files can be specified in square brackets;
+the default value is &"exim"&.
+.wen
+The full syntax of each item in &%mysql_servers%& is:
.display
-<&'hostname'&>::<&'port'&>(<&'socket name'&>)/<&'database'&>/&&&
- <&'user'&>/<&'password'&>
+<&'hostname'&>::<&'port'&>(<&'socket name'&>)[<&'option group'&>]/&&&
+ <&'database'&>/<&'user'&>/<&'password'&>
.endd
-Any of the three sub-parts of the first field can be omitted. For normal use on
+Any of the four sub-parts of the first field can be omitted. For normal use on
the local host it can be left blank or set to just &"localhost"&.
No database need be supplied &-- but if it is absent here, it must be given in
The only character affected by the &%quote_sqlite%& operator is a single
quote, which it doubles.
+.cindex timeout SQLite
+.cindex sqlite "lookup timeout"
The SQLite library handles multiple simultaneous accesses to the database
internally. Multiple readers are permitted, but only one process can
update at once. Attempts to access the database while it is being updated
-.section "Expansion of lists" "SECID75"
+.section "Expansion of lists" "SECTlistexpand"
.cindex "expansion" "of lists"
Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used. The result of
expansion must be a list, possibly containing empty items, which is split up
condition = ${if >{$acl_m4}{3}}
.endd
+
+
+.new
+.vitem &*${imapfolder{*&<&'foldername'&>&*}}*&
+.cindex expansion "imap folder"
+.cindex "&%imapfolder%& expansion item"
+This item converts a (possibly multilevel, or with non-ASCII characters)
+folder specification to a Maildir name for filesystem use.
+For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMDA>>&.
+.wen
+
+
+
.vitem &*${length{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}}*&
.cindex "expansion" "string truncation"
.cindex "&%length%& expansion item"
Only a single host name may be given, but if looking it up yields more than
one IP address, they are each tried in turn until a connection is made. For
both kinds of socket, Exim makes a connection, writes the request string
-(unless it is an empty string) and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
+unless it is an empty string; and no terminating NUL is ever sent)
+and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
is read. A timeout of 5 seconds is applied. Additional, optional arguments
extend what can be done. Firstly, you can vary the timeout. For example:
.code
identifiers, base-36 digits. The number is converted to decimal and output as a
string.
+.new
+.vitem &*${base64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
+.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64%& expansion item"
+.cindex certificate "base64 of DER"
+This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the base64 encoding of the DER form of the certificate.
+
+
+.vitem &*${base64d:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 decoding"
+.cindex "base64 decoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64d%& expansion item"
+This operator converts a base64-encoded string into the un-coded form.
+.wen
+
.vitem &*${domain:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "domain" "extraction"
.vitem &*${md5:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "MD5 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "MD5 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "&%md5%& expansion item"
The &%md5%& operator computes the MD5 hash value of the string, and returns it
as a 32-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in lower case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the MD5 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
.vitem &*${nhash_*&<&'n'&>&*_*&<&'m'&>&*:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "numeric hash"
This operator encodes text according to the rules of RFC 2047. This is an
encoding that is used in header lines to encode non-ASCII characters. It is
assumed that the input string is in the encoding specified by the
-&%headers_charset%& option, which defaults to ISO-8859-1. If the string
+&%headers_charset%& option, which gets its default at build time. If the string
contains only characters in the range 33&--126, and no instances of the
characters
.code
.vitem &*${sha1:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-1 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-1 hashing"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "&%sha2%& expansion item"
The &%sha1%& operator computes the SHA-1 hash value of the string, and returns
it as a 40-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the SHA-1 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
.vitem &*${sha256:*&<&'certificate'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-256 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-256 hashing"
.cindex "&%sha256%& expansion item"
The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the
systems for files larger than 2GB.
.vitem &*${str2b64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
-.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
-.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
.cindex "&%str2b64%& expansion item"
-This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+.new
+Now deprecated, a synonym for the &%base64%& expansion operator.
+.wen
.cindex "expansion" "utf-8 forcing"
.cindex "&%utf8clean%& expansion item"
This replaces any invalid utf-8 sequence in the string by the character &`?`&.
+
+.new
+.vitem "&*${utf8_domain_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_domain_from_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_localpart_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_localpart_from_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&"
+.cindex expansion UTF-8
+.cindex UTF-8 expansion
+.cindex EAI
+.cindex internationalisation
+.cindex "&%utf8_domain_to_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_domain_from_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_localpart_to_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_localpart_from_alabel%& expansion item"
+These convert EAI mail name components between UTF-8 and a-label forms.
+For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
+.wen
.endlist
.vitem "&$auth1$& &-- &$auth3$&"
.vindex "&$auth1$&, &$auth2$&, etc"
These variables are used in SMTP authenticators (see chapters
-&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPspa>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
+&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPtlsauth>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
.vitem &$authenticated_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "id"
&$dkim_key_nosubdomains$& &&&
&$dkim_key_srvtype$& &&&
&$dkim_key_granularity$& &&&
- &$dkim_key_notes$&
+ &$dkim_key_notes$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_length$&
These variables are only available within the DKIM ACL.
For details see chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>&.
qualified host name. See also &$smtp_active_hostname$&.
+.new
+.vitem &$proxy_host_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_host_port$& &&&
+ &$proxy_target_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_target_port$& &&&
+ &$proxy_session$&
+These variables are only available when built with Proxy Protocol
+or Socks5 support
+For details see chapter &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
+.wen
+
.new
.vitem &$prdr_requested$&
.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
.vitem &$tls_in_ourcert$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_ourcert$&"
+.cindex certificate veriables
This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
inbound connection when the message was received.
It is only useful as the argument of a
.vitem &$tls_in_peerdn$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_peerdn$&"
.vindex "&$tls_peerdn$&"
+.cindex certificate "extracting fields"
When a message is received from a remote host over an encrypted SMTP
connection, and Exim is configured to request a certificate from the client,
the value of the Distinguished Name of the certificate is made available in the
.section "Logging" "SECID99"
.table2
+.row &%event_action%& "custom logging"
.row &%hosts_connection_nolog%& "exemption from connect logging"
.row &%log_file_path%& "override compiled-in value"
.row &%log_selector%& "set/unset optional logging"
.row &%helo_verify_hosts%& "HELO hard-checked for these hosts"
.row &%host_lookup%& "host name looked up for these hosts"
.row &%host_lookup_order%& "order of DNS and local name lookups"
+.row &%hosts_proxy%& "use proxy protocol for these hosts"
.row &%host_reject_connection%& "reject connection from these hosts"
.row &%hosts_treat_as_local%& "useful in some cluster configurations"
.row &%local_scan_timeout%& "timeout for &[local_scan()]&"
.row &%ignore_fromline_local%& "allow &""From ""& from local SMTP"
.row &%pipelining_advertise_hosts%& "advertise pipelining to these hosts"
.row &%prdr_enable%& "advertise PRDR to all hosts"
+.row &%smtputf8_advertise_hosts%& "advertise SMTPUTF8 to these hosts"
.row &%tls_advertise_hosts%& "advertise TLS to these hosts"
.endtable
.row &%bounce_message_file%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_message_text%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_body%& "include body if returning message"
+.row &%bounce_return_linesize_limit%& "limit on returned message line length"
.row &%bounce_return_message%& "include original message in bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_size_limit%& "limit on returned message"
.row &%bounce_sender_authentication%& "send authenticated sender with bounce"
This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP VRFY command is
received. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
+.new
+.option add_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment" "inherited"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use. The
+default list is empty,
+.wen
+
.option admin_groups main "string list&!!" unset
.cindex "admin user"
This option is expanded just once, at the start of Exim's processing. If the
point at which the error was detected are returned.
.cindex "bounce message" "including original"
+.option bounce_return_linesize_limit main integer 998
+.cindex "size" "of bounce lines, limit"
+.cindex "bounce message" "line length limit"
+.cindex "limit" "bounce message line length"
+This option sets a limit in bytes on the line length of messages
+that are returned to senders due to delivery problems,
+when &%bounce_return_message%& is true.
+The default value corresponds to RFC limits.
+If the message being returned has lines longer than this value it is
+treated as if the &%bounce_return_size_limit%& (below) restriction was exceeded.
+
+The option also applies to bounces returned when an error is detected
+during reception of a messsage.
+In this case lines from the original are truncated.
+
+The option does not apply to messages generated by an &(autoreply)& transport.
+
+
.option bounce_return_message main boolean true
If this option is set false, none of the original message is included in
bounce messages generated by Exim. See also &%bounce_return_size_limit%& and
not used.
+.new
+.option event_action main string&!! unset
+.cindex events
+This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
+For details see &<<CHAPevents>>&.
+.wen
+
+
.option exim_group main string "compile-time configured"
.cindex "gid (group id)" "Exim's own"
.cindex "Exim group"
+.new
+.option hosts_proxy main "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex proxy "proxy protocol"
+This option enables use of Proxy Protocol proxies for incoming
+connections. For details see &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
+.wen
+
+
.option hosts_treat_as_local main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "local host" "domains treated as"
.cindex "host" "treated as local"
.option ignore_fromline_local main boolean false
See &%ignore_fromline_hosts%& above.
+.new
+.option keep_environment main "string list" unset
+.cindex "environment" "inherited"
+This option contains a string list of environment variables to keep.
+You have to trust these variables or you have to be sure that
+these variables do not impose any security risk. Keep in mind that
+during the startup phase Exim is running with an effective UID 0 in most
+installations. As the default value is an empty list, the default
+environment for using libraries, running embedded Perl code, or running
+external binaries is empty, and does not not even contain PATH or HOME.
+
+Actually the list is interpreted as a list of patterns
+(&<<SECTlistexpand>>&), except that it is not expanded first.
+
+WARNING: Macro substitution is still done first, so having a macro
+FOO and having FOO_HOME in your &%keep_environment%& option may have
+unexpected results. You may work around this using a regular expression
+that does not match the macro name: ^[F]OO_HOME$.
+
+Current versions of Exim issue a warning during startupif you do not mention
+&%keep_environment%& or &%add_environment%& in your runtime configuration
+file.
+.wen
+
.option keep_malformed main time 4d
This option specifies the length of time to keep messages whose spool files
.option ldap_ca_cert_dir main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate directory"
+.cindex certificate "directory for LDAP"
This option indicates which directory contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_ca_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains an TLS client certificate which
Exim should present to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_key%&.
.option ldap_cert_key main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client key file"
+.cindex certificate "key for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains the secret/private key to use
to prove identity to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_file%&, which contains the
transport driver.
-.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2"
+.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2 +single_dh_use"
.cindex "OpenSSL "compatibility options"
This option allows an administrator to adjust the SSL options applied
by OpenSSL to connections. It is given as a space-separated list of items,
&%sender_unqualified_hosts%&, or if the message was submitted locally (not
using TCP/IP), and the &%-bnq%& option was not set.
+.option set_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use. The
+default list is empty,
+
.option slow_lookup_log main integer 0
.cindex "logging" "slow lookups"
550 failing address in "From" header is: <user@dom.ain
.endd
+
+.new
+.option smtputf8_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
+.cindex "SMTPUTF8" "advertising"
+When Exim is built with support for internationalised mail names,
+the availability therof is advertised in
+response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
+chapter &<<CHAPi18n>>& for details of Exim's support for internationalisation.
+.wen
+
+
.option spamd_address main string "see below"
This option is available when Exim is compiled with the content-scanning
extension. It specifies how Exim connects to SpamAssassin's &%spamd%& daemon.
resent to other recipients.
+.option event_action transports string&!! unset
+.cindex events
+This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
+For details see &<<CHAPevents>>&.
+.wen
+
+
.option group transports string&!! "Exim group"
.cindex "transport" "group; specifying"
This option specifies a gid for running the transport process, overriding any
of the message. Its value must not be zero. See also &%final_timeout%&.
+.option dkim_domain smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_selector smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_canon smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_strict smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_sign_headers smtp string&!! unset
+DKIM signing options. For details see &<<SECDKIMSIGN>>&.
+
+
.option delay_after_cutoff smtp boolean true
This option controls what happens when all remote IP addresses for a given
domain have been inaccessible for so long that they have passed their retry
the use of the SIZE option altogether.
+.new
+.option socks_proxy smtp string&!! unset
+.cindex proxy SOCKS
+This option enables use of SOCKS proxies for connections made by the
+transport. For details see &<<SECTproxySOCKS>>&.
+.wen
+
+
.option tls_certificate smtp string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "client certificate, location of"
.cindex "certificate" "client, location of"
.option tls_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
-This option gives a list of hosts for which. on encrypted connections,
+This option gives a list of hosts for which, on encrypted connections,
certificate verification must succeed.
The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must also be set.
If both this option and &%tls_try_verify_hosts%& are unset
2822 address, including the angle brackets if necessary. If text outside angle
brackets contains a character whose value is greater than 126 or less than 32
(except for tab), the text is encoded according to RFC 2047. The character set
-is taken from &%headers_charset%&, which defaults to ISO-8859-1.
+is taken from &%headers_charset%&, which gets its default at build time.
When the &"w"& flag is set on a rule that causes an envelope address to be
rewritten, all but the working part of the replacement address is discarded.
} } } }
server_set_id = ${if = {1}{${listcount:$auth1}} {$auth1}{}}
.endd
+This accepts a client certificate that is verifiable against any
+of your configured trust-anchors
+which usually means the full set of public CAs)
+and which has a SAN with a good account name.
+Note that the client cert is on the wire in-clear, including the SAN,
+whereas a plaintext SMTP AUTH done inside TLS is not.
+
+. An alternative might use
+. .code
+. server_param1 = ${sha256:$tls_in_peercert}
+. .endd
+. to require one of a set of specific certs that define a given account
+. (the verification is still required, but mostly irrelevant).
+. This would help for per-device use.
+.
+. However, for the future we really need support for checking a
+. user cert in LDAP - which probably wants a base-64 DER.
+
.ecindex IIDtlsauth1
.ecindex IIDtlsauth2
.section "Testing ACLs" "SECID188"
The &%-bh%& command line option provides a way of testing your ACL
configuration locally by running a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-The host &'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a service for checking your
-relaying configuration (see section &<<SECTcheralcon>>& for more details).
-
.section "Specifying when ACLs are used" "SECID189"
session, and indeed is required to issue a new EHLO or HELO after successfully
setting up encryption following a STARTTLS command.
+.new
+Note also that a deny neither forces the client to go away nor means that
+mail will be refused on the connection. Consider checking for
+&$sender_helo_name$& being defined in a MAIL or RCPT ACL to do that.
+.wen
+
If the command is accepted by an &%accept%& verb that has a &%message%&
modifier, the message may not contain more than one line (it will be truncated
at the first newline and a panic logged if it does). Such a message cannot
modified by any of the post-data ACLs (DATA, MIME and DKIM).
Headers may be modified by routers (subject to the above) and transports.
+.new
+All the usual ACLs are called; if one results in the message being
+rejected, all effort spent in delivery (including the costs on
+the ultimate destination) will be wasted.
+Note that in the case of data-time ACLs this includes the entire
+message body.
+.wen
+
Cutthrough delivery is not supported via transport-filters or when DKIM signing
of outgoing messages is done, because it sends data to the ultimate destination
before the entire message has been received from the source.
&*Note:*& This control applies only to the current message, not to any others
that are being submitted at the same time using &%-bs%& or &%-bS%&.
+
+.new
+.vitem &*control&~=&~utf8_downconvert*&
+This control enables conversion of UTF-8 in message addresses
+to a-label form.
+For details see &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
+.wen
.endlist vlist
You can check the relay characteristics of your configuration in the same way
that you can test any ACL behaviour for an incoming SMTP connection, by using
the &%-bh%& option to run a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-
-For specifically testing for unwanted relaying, the host
-&'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a useful service. If you telnet to this
-host from the host on which Exim is running, using the normal telnet port, you
-will see a normal telnet connection message and then quite a long delay. Be
-patient. The remote host is making an SMTP connection back to your host, and
-trying a number of common probes to test for open relay vulnerability. The
-results of the tests will eventually appear on your terminal.
.ecindex IIDacl
When Exim receives a VRFY or EXPN command on a TCP/IP connection, it
runs the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_vrfy%& or &%acl_smtp_expn%& (as
appropriate) in order to decide whether the command should be accepted or not.
-If no ACL is defined, the command is rejected.
+.new
.cindex "VRFY" "processing"
+When no ACL is defined for VRFY, or if it rejects without
+setting an explicit response code, the command is accepted
+(with a 252 SMTP response code)
+in order to support awkward clients that do a VRFY before every RCPT.
+.wen
When VRFY is accepted, it runs exactly the same code as when Exim is
-called with the &%-bv%& option.
+called with the &%-bv%& option, and returns 250/451/550
+SMTP response codes.
.cindex "EXPN" "processing"
+If no ACL for EXPN is defined, the command is rejected.
When EXPN is accepted, a single-level expansion of the address is done.
EXPN is treated as an &"address test"& (similar to the &%-bt%& option) rather
than a verification (the &%-bv%& option). If an unqualified local part is given
session was encrypted, there is an additional X field that records the cipher
suite that was used.
+.cindex log protocol
The protocol is set to &"esmtpsa"& or &"esmtpa"& for messages received from
hosts that have authenticated themselves using the SMTP AUTH command. The first
value is used when the SMTP connection was encrypted (&"secure"&). In this case
.cindex "log" "delivery line"
The format of the single-line entry in the main log that is written for every
delivery is shown in one of the examples below, for local and remote
-deliveries, respectively. Each example has been split into two lines in order
+deliveries, respectively. Each example has been split into multiple lines in order
to fit it on the page:
.code
2002-10-31 08:59:13 16ZCW1-0005MB-00 => marv
&`id `& message id for incoming message
&`P `& on &`<=`& lines: protocol used
&` `& on &`=>`& and &`**`& lines: return path
+&`PRX `& on &'<='& and&`=>`& lines: proxy address
&`QT `& on &`=>`& lines: time spent on queue so far
&` `& on &"Completed"& lines: time spent on queue
&`R `& on &`<=`& lines: reference for local bounce
&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
-&`S `& size of message
+&`S `& size of message in bytes
&`SNI `& server name indication from TLS client hello
&`ST `& shadow transport name
&`T `& on &`<=`& lines: message subject (topic)
&` queue_time `& time on queue for one recipient
&` queue_time_overall `& time on queue for whole message
&` pid `& Exim process id
+.new
+&` proxy `& proxy address on <= and => lines
+.wen
&` received_recipients `& recipients on <= lines
&` received_sender `& sender on <= lines
&`*rejected_header `& header contents on reject log
The latter can be disabled by turning off the &%outgoing_interface%& option.
.wen
.next
+.new
+.cindex log "incoming proxy address"
+.cindex proxy "logging proxy address"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging proxy address"
+&%proxy%&: The internal (closest to the system running Exim) IP address
+of the proxy, tagged by PRX=, on the &"<="& line for a message accepted
+on a proxied connection
+or the &"=>"& line for a message delivered on a proxied connection..
+See &<<SECTproxyInbound>>& for more information.
+.wen
+.next
.cindex "log" "incoming remote port"
.cindex "port" "logging remote"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging incoming remote port"
be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address.
DKIM is documented in RFC 4871.
-Since version 4.70, DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default. It can be
-disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in Local/Makefile.
+.new
+DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default if TLS support is present.
+.wen
+It can be disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in &_Local/Makefile_&.
Exim's DKIM implementation allows to
.olist
senders).
-.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECID513"
+.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECDKIMSIGN"
.cindex "DKIM" "signing"
Signing is implemented by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
MANDATORY:
This sets the key selector string. You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& expansion
variable to look up a matching selector. The result is put in the expansion
-variable &%$dkim_selector%& which should be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
+variable &%$dkim_selector%& which may be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
option along with &%$dkim_domain%&.
.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
in the key record.
.vitem &%$dkim_key_notes%&
Notes from the key record (tag n=).
+.vitem &%$dkim_key_length%&
+Number of bits in the key.
.endlist
In addition, two ACL conditions are provided:
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+.chapter "Proxies" "CHAPproxies" &&&
+ "Proxy support"
+.cindex "proxy support"
+.cindex "proxy" "access via"
+
+.new
+A proxy is an intermediate system through which communication is passed.
+Proxies may provide a security, availability or load-distribution function.
+
+
+.section "Inbound proxies" SECTproxyInbound
+.cindex proxy inbound
+.cindex proxy "server side"
+.cindex proxy "Proxy protocol"
+.cindex "Proxy protocol" proxy
+
+Exim has support for receiving inbound SMTP connections via a proxy
+that uses &"Proxy Protocol"& to speak to it.
+To include this support, include &"SUPPORT_PROXY=yes"&
+in Local/Makefile.
+
+It was built on specifications from:
+http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
+That URL was revised in May 2014 to version 2 spec:
+http://git.1wt.eu/web?p=haproxy.git;a=commitdiff;h=afb768340c9d7e50d8e
+
+The purpose of this facility is so that an application load balancer,
+such as HAProxy, can sit in front of several Exim servers
+to distribute load.
+Exim uses the local protocol communication with the proxy to obtain
+the remote SMTP system IP address and port information.
+There is no logging if a host passes or
+fails Proxy Protocol negotiation, but it can easily be determined and
+recorded in an ACL (example is below).
+
+Use of a proxy is enabled by setting the &%hosts_proxy%&
+main configuration option to a hostlist; connections from these
+hosts will use Proxy Protocol.
+
+The following expansion variables are usable
+(&"internal"& and &"external"& here refer to the interfaces
+of the proxy):
+.display
+&'proxy_host_address '& internal IP address of the proxy
+&'proxy_host_port '& internal TCP port of the proxy
+&'proxy_target_address '& external IP address of the proxy
+&'proxy_target_port '& external TCP port of the proxy
+&'proxy_session '& boolean: SMTP connection via proxy
+.endd
+If &$proxy_session$& is set but &$proxy_host_address$& is empty
+there was a protocol error.
+
+Since the real connections are all coming from the proxy, and the
+per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is
+evaluated, &%smtp_accept_max_per_host%& must be set high enough to
+handle all of the parallel volume you expect per inbound proxy.
+With the option set so high, you lose the ability
+to protect your server from many connections from one IP.
+In order to prevent your server from overload, you
+need to add a per connection ratelimit to your connect ACL.
+A possible solution is:
+.display
+ # Set max number of connections per host
+ LIMIT = 5
+ # Or do some kind of IP lookup in a flat file or database
+ # LIMIT = ${lookup{$sender_host_address}iplsearch{/etc/exim/proxy_limits}}
+
+ defer message = Too many connections from this IP right now
+ ratelimit = LIMIT / 5s / per_conn / strict
+.endd
+
+
+
+.section "Outbound proxies" SECTproxySOCKS
+.cindex proxy outbound
+.cindex proxy "client side"
+.cindex proxy SOCKS
+.cindex SOCKS proxy
+Exim has support for sending outbound SMTP via a proxy
+using a protocol called SOCKS5 (defined by RFC1928).
+The support can be optionally included by defining SUPPORT_SOCKS=yes in
+Local/Makefile.
+
+Use of a proxy is enabled by setting the &%socks_proxy%& option
+on an smtp transport.
+The option value is expanded and should then be a list
+(colon-separated by default) of proxy specifiers.
+Each proxy specifier is a list
+(space-separated by default) where the initial element
+is an IP address and any subsequent elements are options.
+
+Options are a string <name>=<value>.
+The list of options is in the following table:
+.display
+&'auth '& authentication method
+&'name '& authentication username
+&'pass '& authentication password
+&'port '& tcp port
+&'tmo '& connection timeout
+&'pri '& priority
+&'weight '& selection bias
+.endd
+
+More details on each of these options follows:
+
+.ilist
+.cindex authentication "to proxy"
+.cindex proxy authentication
+&%auth%&: Either &"none"& (default) or &"name"&.
+Using &"name"& selects username/password authentication per RFC 1929
+for access to the proxy.
+Default is &"none"&.
+.next
+&%name%&: sets the username for the &"name"& authentication method.
+Default is empty.
+.next
+&%pass%&: sets the password for the &"name"& authentication method.
+Default is empty.
+.next
+&%port%&: the TCP port number to use for the connection to the proxy.
+Default is 1080.
+.next
+&%tmo%&: sets a connection timeout in seconds for this proxy.
+Default is 5.
+.next
+&%pri%&: specifies a priority for the proxy within the list,
+higher values being tried first.
+The default priority is 1.
+.next
+&%weight%&: specifies a selection bias.
+Within a priority set servers are queried in a random fashion,
+weighted by this value.
+The default value for selection bias is 1.
+.endlist
+
+Proxies from the list are tried according to their priority
+and weight settings until one responds. The timeout for the
+overall connection applies to the set of proxied attempts.
+
+.section Logging SECTproxyLog
+To log the (local) IP of a proxy in the incoming or delivery logline,
+add &"+proxy"& to the &%log_selector%& option.
+This will add a component tagged with &"PRX="& to the line.
+.wen
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "Internationalisation" "CHAPi18n" &&&
+ "Internationalisation""
+.cindex internationalisation "email address"
+.cindex EAI
+.cindex i18n
+.cindex UTF-8 "mail name handling"
+
+.new
+Exim has support for Internationalised mail names.
+To include this it must be built with SUPPORT_I18N and the libidn library.
+Standards supported are RFCs 2060, 5890, 6530 and 6533.
+
+.section "MTA operations" SECTi18nMTA
+.cindex SMTPUTF8 "ESMTP option"
+The main configuration option &%smtputf8_advertise_hosts%& specifies
+a host list. If this matches the sending host and
+accept_8bitmime is true (the default) then the ESMTP option
+SMTPUTF8 will be advertised.
+
+If the sender specifies the SMTPUTF8 option on a MAIL command
+international handling for the message is enabled and
+the expansion variable &$message_smtputf8$& will have value TRUE.
+
+The option &%allow_utf8_domains%& is set to true for this
+message. All DNS lookups are converted to a-label form
+whatever the setting of &%allow_utf8_domains%&
+when Exim is built with SUPPORT_I18N.
+
+Both localparts and domain are maintained as the original
+UTF-8 form internally; any comparison or regular-expression use will
+require appropriate care. Filenames created, eg. by
+the appendfile transport, will have UTF-8 names.
+
+HELO names sent by the smtp transport will have any UTF-8
+components expanded to a-label form,
+and any certificate name checks will be done using the a-label
+form of the name.
+
+.cindex log protocol
+.cindex SMTPUTF8 logging
+Log lines and Received-by: header lines will acquire a "utf8"
+prefix on the protocol element, eg. utf8esmtp.
+
+The following expansion operator can be used:
+.code
+${utf8_domain_to_alabel:str}
+${utf8_domain_from_alabel:str}
+${utf8_localpart_to_alabel:str}
+${utf8_localpart_from_alabel:str}
+.endd
+
+ACLs may use the following modifier:
+.display
+control = utf8_downconvert
+control = utf8_downconvert/<value>
+.endd
+This sets a flag requiring that addresses are converted to
+a-label form before smtp delivery, for use in a
+Message Submission Agent context.
+If a value is appended it may be:
+.display
+&`1 `& (default) mandatory downconversion
+&`0 `& no downconversion
+&`-1 `& if SMTPUTF8 not supported by destination host
+.endd
+
+If mua_wrapper is set, the utf8_downconvert control
+is initially set to -1.
+
+
+There is no explicit support for VRFY and EXPN.
+Configurations supporting these should inspect
+&$smtp_command_argument$& for an SMTPUTF8 argument.
+
+There is no support for LMTP on Unix sockets.
+Using the "lmtp" protocol option on an smtp transport,
+for LMTP over TCP, should work as expected.
+
+There is no support for DSN unitext handling,
+and no provision for converting logging from or to UTF-8.
+
+
+
+.section "MDA operations" SECTi18nMDA
+To aid in constructing names suitable for IMAP folders
+the following expansion operator can be used:
+.code
+${imapfolder {<string>} {<sep>} {<specials>}}
+.endd
+
+The string is converted from the charset specified by
+the "headers charset" command (in a filter file)
+or &%headers_charset%& main configuration option (otherwise),
+to the
+modified UTF-7 encoding specified by RFC 2060,
+with the following exception: All occurences of <sep>
+(which has to be a single character)
+are replaced with periods ("."), and all periods and slashes that are not
+<sep> and are not in the <specials> string are BASE64 encoded.
+
+The third argument can be omitted, defaulting to an empty string.
+The second argument can be omitted, defaulting to "/".
+
+This is the encoding used by Courier for Maildir names on disk, and followed
+by many other IMAP servers.
+
+Examples:
+.display
+&`${imapfolder {Foo/Bar}} `& yields &`Foo.Bar`&
+&`${imapfolder {Foo/Bar}{.}{/}} `& yields &`Foo&&AC8-Bar`&
+&`${imapfolder {Räksmörgås}} `& yields &`R&&AOQ-ksm&&APY-rg&&AOU-s`&
+.endd
+
+Note that the source charset setting is vital, and also that characters
+must be representable in UTF-16.
+
+.wen
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "Events" "CHAPevents" &&&
+ "Events"
+.cindex events
+
+.new
+The events mechanism in Exim can be used to intercept processing at a number
+of points. It was originally invented to giave a way to do customised logging
+actions (for example, to a database) but can also be used to modify some
+processing actions.
+
+Most installations will never need to use Events.
+The support can be left out of a build by defining DISABLE_EVENT=yes
+in &_Local/Makefile_&.
+
+There are two major classes of events: main and transport.
+The main configuration option &%event_action%& controls reception events;
+a transport option &%event_action%& controls delivery events.
+
+Both options are a string which is expanded when the event fires.
+An example might look like:
+.cindex logging custom
+.code
+event_action = ${if eq {msg:delivery}{$event_name} \
+{${lookup pgsql {SELECT * FROM record_Delivery( \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$sender_address_domain}',\
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$sender_address_local_part}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$domain}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$local_part}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$host_address}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$host}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$message_exim_id}')}} \
+} {}}
+.endd
+
+Events have names which correspond to the point in process at which they fire.
+The name is placed in the variable &$event_name$& and the event action
+expansion must check this, as it will be called for every possible event type.
+
+The current list of events is:
+.display
+&`msg:complete after main `& per message
+&`msg:delivery after transport `& per recipient
+&`msg:rcpt:host:defer after transport `& per recipient per host
+&`msg:rcpt:defer after transport `& per recipient
+&`msg:host:defer after transport `& per attempt
+&`msg:fail:delivery after main `& per recipient
+&`msg:fail:internal after main `& per recipient
+&`tcp:connect before transport `& per connection
+&`tcp:close after transport `& per connection
+&`tls:cert before both `& per certificate in verification chain
+&`smtp:connect after transport `& per connection
+.endd
+New event types may be added in future.
+
+The event name is a colon-separated list, defining the type of
+event in a tree of possibilities. It may be used as a list
+or just matched on as a whole. There will be no spaces in the name.
+
+The second column in the table above describes whether the event fires
+before or after the action is associates with. Those which fire before
+can be used to affect that action (more on this below).
+
+An additional variable, &$event_data$&, is filled with information varying
+with the event type:
+.display
+&`msg:delivery `& smtp confirmation mssage
+&`msg:rcpt:host:defer `& error string
+&`msg:rcpt:defer `& error string
+&`msg:host:defer `& error string
+&`tls:cert `& verification chain depth
+&`smtp:connect `& smtp banner
+.endd
+
+The :defer events populate one extra variable: &$event_defer_errno$&.
+
+For complex operations an ACL expansion can be used in &%event_action%&
+however due to the multiple contextx that Exim operates in during
+the course of its processing:
+.ilist
+variables set in transport events will not be visible outside that
+transport call
+.next
+acl_m variables in a server context are lost on a new connection,
+and after smtp helo/ehlo/mail/starttls/rset commands
+.endlist
+Using an ACL expansion with the logwrite modifier can be
+a useful way of writing to the main log.
+
+The expansion of the event_action option should normally
+return an empty string. Should it return anything else the
+following will be forced:
+.display
+&`msg:delivery `& (ignored)
+&`msg:host:defer `& (ignored)
+&`msg:fail:delivery`& (ignored)
+&`tcp:connect `& do not connect
+&`tcp:close `& (ignored)
+&`tls:cert `& refuse verification
+&`smtp:connect `& close connection
+.endd
+No other use is made of the result string.
+
+For a tcp:connect event, if the connection is being made to a proxy
+then the address and port variables will be that of the proxy and not
+the target system.
+
+For tls:cert events, if GnuTLS is in use this will trigger only per
+chain element received on the connection.
+For OpenSSL it will trigger for every chain element including those
+loaded locally.
+.wen
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
.chapter "Adding new drivers or lookup types" "CHID13" &&&
"Adding drivers or lookups"
.cindex "adding drivers"
git://git.exim.org / users / jgh / exim.git / blobdiff