.set I " "
.macro copyyear
-2013
+2014
.endmacro
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
A trust path from Nigel's key to Phil's can be observed at
&url(https://www.security.spodhuis.org/exim-trustpath).
-.new
Releases have also been authorized to be performed by Todd Lyons who signs with
key &'0xC4F4F94804D29EBA'&. A direct trust path exists between previous RE Phil
Pennock and Todd Lyons through a common associate.
-.wen
The signatures for the tar bundles are in:
.display
.endblockquote
.next
-.new
.cindex "opendmarc" "acknowledgment"
The DMARC implementation uses the OpenDMARC library which is Copyrighted by
The Trusted Domain Project. Portions of Exim source which use OpenDMARC
derived code are indicated in the respective source files. The full OpenDMARC
license is provided in the LICENSE.opendmarc file contained in the distributed
source code.
-.wen
.next
Many people have contributed code fragments, some large, some small, that were
&%verify_recipient%&, which independently control the use of the router for
sender and recipient verification. You can set these options directly if
you want a router to be used for only one type of verification.
-.new "Note that cutthrough delivery is classed as a recipient verification for this purpose."
+Note that cutthrough delivery is classed as a recipient verification for this purpose.
.next
If the &%address_test%& option is set false, the router is skipped when Exim is
run with the &%-bt%& option to test an address routing. This can be helpful
.next
Routers can be designated for use only when verifying an address, as
opposed to routing it for delivery. The &%verify_only%& option controls this.
-.new "Again, cutthrough delivery counts as a verification."
+Again, cutthrough delivery counts as a verification.
.next
Individual routers can be explicitly skipped when running the routers to
check an address given in the SMTP EXPN command (see the &%expn%& option).
This option is an alias for &%-bV%& and causes version information to be
displayed.
-.new
.vitem &%-Ac%& &&&
&%-Am%&
.oindex "&%-Ac%&"
.oindex "&%-Am%&"
These options are used by Sendmail for selecting configuration files and are
ignored by Exim.
-.wen
.vitem &%-B%&<&'type'&>
.oindex "&%-B%&"
if this is required. If the &%bi_command%& option is not set, calling Exim with
&%-bi%& is a no-op.
-.new
. // Keep :help first, then the rest in alphabetical order
.vitem &%-bI:help%&
.oindex "&%-bI:help%&"
&`SIEVE`& capability response line. As the precise list may depend upon
compile-time build options, which this option will adapt to, this is the only
way to guarantee a correct response.
-.wen
.vitem &%-bm%&
.oindex "&%-bm%&"
If a list of configuration files was supplied, the value that is output here
is the name of the file that was actually used.
-.new
.cindex "options" "hiding name of"
If the &%-n%& flag is given, then for most modes of &%-bP%& operation the
name will not be output.
-.wen
.cindex "daemon" "process id (pid)"
.cindex "pid (process id)" "of daemon"
.vitem &%-G%&
.oindex "&%-G%&"
.cindex "submission fixups, suppressing (command-line)"
-.new
This option is equivalent to an ACL applying:
.code
control = suppress_local_fixups
As this affects audit information, the caller must be a trusted user to use
this option.
-.wen
.vitem &%-h%&&~<&'number'&>
.oindex "&%-h%&"
no documentation for this option in Solaris 2.4 Sendmail, but the &'mailx'&
command in Solaris 2.4 uses it. See also &%-ti%&.
-.new
.vitem &%-L%&&~<&'tag'&>
.oindex "&%-L%&"
.cindex "syslog" "process name; set with flag"
effect, so early configuration file errors will not honour this flag.
The tag should not be longer than 32 characters.
-.wen
.vitem &%-M%&&~<&'message&~id'&>&~<&'message&~id'&>&~...
.oindex "&%-M%&"
the message, and applies to any subsequent delivery attempts that may happen
for that message.
-.new
.vitem &%-n%&
.oindex "&%-n%&"
This option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean &"no aliasing"&.
For normal modes of operation, it is ignored by Exim.
When combined with &%-bP%& it suppresses the name of an option from being output.
-.wen
.vitem &%-O%&&~<&'data'&>
.oindex "&%-O%&"
It sets &%-x%& when calling the MTA from its &%mail%& command. Exim ignores
this option.
-.new
.vitem &%-X%&&~<&'logfile'&>
.oindex "&%-X%&"
This option is interpreted by Sendmail to cause debug information to be sent
to the named file. It is ignored by Exim.
-.wen
.endlist
.ecindex IIDclo1
The authorization code can be &"Y"& for yes, &"N"& for no, &"X"& for explicit
authorization required but absent, or &"?"& for unknown.
-.new
.cindex "A+" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
The pseudo-type A+ performs an A6 lookup (if configured) followed by an AAAA
and then an A lookup. All results are returned; defer processing
.code
${lookup dnsdb {>; a+=$sender_helo_name}}
.endd
-.wen
.section "Multiple dnsdb lookups" "SECID67"
LDAP connections, rather than the SSL-on-connect &`ldaps`&.
See the &%ldap_start_tls%& option.
+.new
+Starting with Exim 4.83, the initialization of LDAP with TLS is more tightly
+controlled. Every part of the TLS configuration can be configured by settings in
+&_exim.conf_&. Depending on the version of the client libraries installed on
+your system, some of the initialization may have required setting options in
+&_/etc/ldap.conf_& or &_~/.ldaprc_& to get TLS working with self-signed
+certificates. This revealed a nuance where the current UID that exim was
+running as could affect which config files it read. With Exim 4.83, these
+methods become optional, only taking effect if not specifically set in
+&_exim.conf_&.
+.wen
+
.section "LDAP quoting" "SECID68"
.cindex "LDAP" "quoting"
list. The effect of each one lasts until the next, or until the end of the
list.
-.new
To explain the host/ip processing logic a different way for the same ACL:
.ilist
&`+ignore_unknown`&, which was discussed in depth in the first example in
this section.
.endlist
-.wen
expansion item below.
-.new
.vitem "&*${acl{*&<&'name'&>&*}{*&<&'arg'&>&*}...}*&"
.cindex "expansion" "calling an acl"
.cindex "&%acl%&" "call from expansion"
If no message is set and the ACL returns accept or deny
the expansion result is an empty string.
If the ACL returns defer the result is a forced-fail. Otherwise the expansion fails.
-.wen
.vitem "&*${dlfunc{*&<&'file'&>&*}{*&<&'function'&>&*}{*&<&'arg'&>&*}&&&
&%strlen%&, which gives the length of a string.
+.vitem "&*${listextract{*&<&'number'&>&*}&&&
+ {*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&"
+.cindex "expansion" "extracting list elements by number"
+.cindex "&%listextract%&" "extract list elements by number"
+.cindex "list" "extracting elements by number"
+The <&'number'&> argument must consist entirely of decimal digits,
+apart from an optional leading minus,
+and leading and trailing white space (which is ignored).
+
+After expansion, <&'string1'&> is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by
+default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way.
+
+The first field of the list is numbered one.
+If the number is negative, the fields are
+counted from the end of the list, with the rightmost one numbered -1.
+The numbered element of the list is extracted and placed in &$value$&,
+then <&'string2'&> is expanded as the result.
+
+If the modulus of the
+number is zero or greater than the number of fields in the string,
+the result is the expansion of <&'string3'&>.
+
+For example:
+.code
+${listextract{2}{x:42:99}}
+.endd
+yields &"42"&, and
+.code
+${listextract{-3}{<, x,42,99,& Mailer,,/bin/bash}{result: $value}}
+.endd
+yields &"result: 99"&.
+
+If {<&'string3'&>} is omitted, an empty string is used for string3.
+If {<&'string2'&>} is also omitted, the value that was
+extracted is used.
+You can use &`fail`& instead of {<&'string3'&>} as in a string extract.
+
+
.vitem "&*${lookup{*&<&'key'&>&*}&~*&<&'search&~type'&>&*&~&&&
{*&<&'file'&>&*}&~{*&<&'string1'&>&*}&~{*&<&'string2'&>&*}}*&"
This is the first of one of two different types of lookup item, which are both
command does not succeed. If both strings are omitted, the result is contents
of the standard output/error on success, and nothing on failure.
-.new
.vindex "&$run_in_acl$&"
The standard output/error of the command is put in the variable &$value$&.
In this ACL example, the output of a command is logged for the admin to
.code
${run{/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/id >/tmp/id"}{yes}{yes}}
.endd
-.wen
.vindex "&$runrc$&"
The return code from the command is put in the variable &$runrc$&, and this
address. See the &*filter*&, &*map*&, and &*reduce*& items for ways of
processing lists.
-.new
To clarify "list of addresses in RFC 2822 format" mentioned above, Exim follows
a strict interpretation of header line formatting. Exim parses the bare,
unquoted portion of an email address and if it finds a comma, treats it as an
# exim -be '${addresses:From: "Last, First" <user@example.com>}'
user@example.com
.endd
-.wen
.vitem &*${base62:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%base62%& expansion item"
-.new
.vitem &*${hexquote:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "quoting" "hex-encoded unprintable characters"
.cindex "&%hexquote%& expansion item"
escape form. Byte values between 33 (!) and 126 (~) inclusive are left
as is, and other byte values are converted to &`\xNN`&, for example a
byte value 127 is converted to &`\x7f`&.
-.wen
.vitem &*${lc:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
when &%length%& is used as an operator.
-.new
.vitem &*${listcount:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "list item count"
.cindex "list" "item count"
The string is interpreted as a list and the number of items is returned.
-.vitem &*${listnamed:*&<&'name'&>&*}*&&~and&~&*${list_*&<&'type'&>&*name*&>&*}*&
+.vitem &*${listnamed:*&<&'name'&>&*}*&&~and&~&*${listnamed_*&<&'type'&>&*:*&<&'name'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "named list"
.cindex "&%listnamed%& expansion item"
The name is interpreted as a named list and the content of the list is returned,
expanding any referenced lists, re-quoting as needed for colon-separation.
-If the optional type if given it must be one of "a", "d", "h" or "l"
+If the optional type is given it must be one of "a", "d", "h" or "l"
and selects address-, domain-, host- or localpart- lists to search among respectively.
Otherwise all types are searched in an undefined order and the first
matching list is returned.
-.wen
.vitem &*${local_part:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "case forcing"
.cindex "&%uc%& expansion item"
This forces the letters in the string into upper-case.
+
+.vitem &*${utf8clean:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "correction of invalid utf-8 sequences in strings"
+.cindex "utf-8" "utf-8 sequences"
+.cindex "incorrect utf-8"
+.cindex "expansion" "utf-8 forcing"
+.cindex "&%utf8clean%& expansion item"
+This replaces any invalid utf-8 sequence in the string by the character &`?`&.
.endlist
10M, not if 10M is larger than &$message_size$&.
-.new
.vitem &*acl&~{{*&<&'name'&>&*}{*&<&'arg1'&>&*}&&&
{*&<&'arg2'&>&*}...}*&
.cindex "expansion" "calling an acl"
the result of the expansion, otherwise it is empty.
If the ACL returns accept the condition is true; if deny, false.
If the ACL returns defer the result is a forced-fail.
-.wen
.vitem &*bool&~{*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "boolean parsing"
The value of &$item$& is saved and restored while &*forany*& or &*forall*& is
being processed, to enable these expansion items to be nested.
-.new "To scan a named list, expand it with the &*listnamed*& operator."
+To scan a named list, expand it with the &*listnamed*& operator.
.vitem &*ge&~{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}*& &&&
process. However, a trusted user can override this by means of the &%-oMai%&
command line option.
-.new
.vitem &$authenticated_fail_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "fail" "id"
.vindex "&$authenticated_fail_id$&"
A message to a local recipient could still be accepted without requiring
authentication, which means this variable could also be visible in all of
the ACL's as well.
-.wen
.vitem &$authenticated_sender$&
be terminated by colon or white space, because it may contain a wide variety of
characters. Note also that braces must &'not'& be used.
-.new
.vitem &$headers_added$&
.vindex "&$headers_added$&"
Within an ACL this variable contains the headers added so far by
the ACL modifier add_header (section &<<SECTaddheadacl>>&).
The headers are a newline-separated list.
-.wen
.vitem &$home$&
.vindex "&$home$&"
.vindex "&$return_size_limit$&"
This is an obsolete name for &$bounce_return_size_limit$&.
-.new
.vitem &$router_name$&
.cindex "router" "name"
.cindex "name" "of router"
.vindex "&$router_name$&"
During the running of a router this variable contains its name.
-.wen
.vitem &$runrc$&
.cindex "return code" "from &%run%& expansion"
received. It is empty if there was no successful authentication. See also
&$authenticated_id$&.
-.new
.vitem &$sender_host_dnssec$&
.vindex "&$sender_host_dnssec$&"
If &$sender_host_name$& has been populated (by reference, &%hosts_lookup%& or
It is likely that you will need to coerce DNSSEC support on in the resolver
library, by setting:
.code
-dns_use_dnssec = 1
+dns_dnssec_ok = 1
.endd
Exim does not perform DNSSEC validation itself, instead leaving that to a
If you have changed &%host_lookup_order%& so that &`bydns`& is not the first
mechanism in the list, then this variable will be false.
-.wen
.vitem &$sender_host_name$&
command, which can be found in the separate document entitled &'Exim's
interfaces to mail filtering'&.
-.new
.vitem &$tls_in_bits$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_bits$&"
Contains an approximation of the TLS cipher's bit-strength
During outbound
SMTP deliveries, this variable reflects the value of the &%tls_sni%& option on
the transport.
-.wen
.vitem &$tod_bsdinbox$&
.vindex "&$tod_bsdinbox$&"
This variable contains the UTC date and time in &"Zulu"& format, as specified
by ISO 8601, for example: 20030221154023Z.
-.new
.vitem &$transport_name$&
.cindex "transport" "name"
.cindex "name" "of transport"
.vindex "&$transport_name$&"
During the running of a transport, this variable contains its name.
-.wen
.vitem &$value$&
.vindex "&$value$&"
.section "TLS" "SECID108"
.table2
.row &%gnutls_compat_mode%& "use GnuTLS compatibility mode"
-.row &%gnutls_enable_pkcs11%& "allow GnuTLS to autoload PKCS11 modules"
+.row &%gnutls_allow_auto_pkcs11%& "allow GnuTLS to autoload PKCS11 modules"
.row &%openssl_options%& "adjust OpenSSL compatibility options"
.row &%tls_advertise_hosts%& "advertise TLS to these hosts"
.row &%tls_certificate%& "location of server certificate"
.row &%disable_ipv6%& "do no IPv6 processing"
.row &%dns_again_means_nonexist%& "for broken domains"
.row &%dns_check_names_pattern%& "pre-DNS syntax check"
+.row &%dns_dnssec_ok%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%dns_ipv4_lookup%& "only v4 lookup for these domains"
.row &%dns_retrans%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%dns_retry%& "parameter for resolver"
-.row &%dns_use_dnssec%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%dns_use_edns0%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%hold_domains%& "hold delivery for these domains"
.row &%local_interfaces%& "for routing checks"
&url(http://cr.yp.to/smtp/8bitmime.html)
.endd
-.new
To log received 8BITMIME status use
.code
log_selector = +8bitmime
.endd
-.wen
.option acl_not_smtp main string&!! unset
.cindex "&ACL;" "for non-SMTP messages"
.code
delay_warning = 2h:12h:99d
.endd
+Note that the option is only evaluated at the time a delivery attempt fails,
+which depends on retry and queue-runner configuration.
+Typically retries will be configured more frequently than warning messages.
.option delay_warning_condition main string&!! "see below"
.vindex "&$domain$&"
reversed and looked up in the reverse DNS, as described in more detail in
section &<<SECTverifyCSA>>&.
+
+.option dns_dnssec_ok main integer -1
+.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+If this option is set to a non-negative number then Exim will initialise the
+DNS resolver library to either use or not use DNSSEC, overriding the system
+default. A value of 0 coerces DNSSEC off, a value of 1 coerces DNSSEC on.
+
+If the resolver library does not support DNSSEC then this option has no effect.
+
+
.option dns_ipv4_lookup main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "IPv6" "DNS lookup for AAAA records"
.cindex "DNS" "IPv6 lookup for AAAA records"
See &%dns_retrans%& above.
-.new
-.option dns_use_dnssec main integer -1
-.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
-.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-If this option is set to a non-negative number then Exim will initialise the
-DNS resolver library to either use or not use DNSSEC, overriding the system
-default. A value of 0 coerces DNSSEC off, a value of 1 coerces DNSSEC on.
-
-If the resolver library does not support DNSSEC then this option has no effect.
-.wen
-
-
.option dns_use_edns0 main integer -1
.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
.cindex "DNS" "EDNS0"
implementations of TLS.
-.new
-option gnutls_enable_pkcs11 main boolean unset
+option gnutls_allow_auto_pkcs11 main boolean unset
This option will let GnuTLS (2.12.0 or later) autoload PKCS11 modules with
the p11-kit configuration files in &_/etc/pkcs11/modules/_&.
See
&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Smart-cards-and-HSMs)
for documentation.
-.wen
.next
&`no_tlsv1_2`&
.next
-.new
&`safari_ecdhe_ecdsa_bug`&
-.wen
.next
&`single_dh_use`&
.next
&`tls_rollback_bug`&
.endlist
-.new
As an aside, the &`safari_ecdhe_ecdsa_bug`& item is a misnomer and affects
all clients connecting using the MacOS SecureTransport TLS facility prior
to MacOS 10.8.4, including email clients. If you see old MacOS clients failing
to negotiate TLS then this option value might help, provided that your OpenSSL
release is new enough to contain this work-around. This may be a situation
where you have to upgrade OpenSSL to get buggy clients working.
-.wen
.option oracle_servers main "string list" unset
Some of these will be too small to be accepted by clients.
Some may be too large to be accepted by clients.
-.new
The TLS protocol does not negotiate an acceptable size for this; clients tend
to hard-drop connections if what is offered by the server is unacceptable,
whether too large or too small, and there's no provision for the client to
mail user agents (MUAs). The lower bound comes from Debian installs of Exim4
prior to the 4.80 release, as Debian used to patch Exim to raise the minimum
acceptable bound from 1024 to 2048.
-.wen
.option tls_on_connect_ports main "string list" unset
See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
-.new
A forced expansion failure or setting to an empty string is equivalent to
being unset.
-.wen
.option tls_verify_hosts main "host list&!!" unset
the expansion is forced to fail, the option has no effect. Other expansion
failures are treated as configuration errors.
-.new
Unlike most options, &%headers_add%& can be specified multiple times
for a router; all listed headers are added.
-.wen
&*Warning 1*&: The &%headers_add%& option cannot be used for a &(redirect)&
router that has the &%one_time%& option set.
.oindex "&%-bv%&"
.cindex "router" "used only when verifying"
If this option is set, the router is used only when verifying an address,
-.new "delivering in cutthrough mode or"
+delivering in cutthrough mode or
testing with the &%-bv%& option, not when actually doing a delivery, testing
with the &%-bt%& option, or running the SMTP EXPN command. It can be further
restricted to verifying only senders or recipients by means of
.endd
is interpreted as a pipe with a rather strange command name, and no arguments.
-.new
Note that the above example assumes that the text comes from a lookup source
of some sort, so that the quotes are part of the data. If composing a
redirect router with a &%data%& option directly specifying this command, the
data itself, or avoid using this mechanism and instead create a custom
transport with the &%command%& option set and reference that transport from
an &%accept%& router.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "file" "in redirection list"
option is not working properly, &%debug_print%& could be used to output the
variables it references. A newline is added to the text if it does not end with
one.
-.new
The variables &$transport_name$& and &$router_name$& contain the name of the
transport and the router that called it.
-.wen
.option delivery_date_add transports boolean false
.cindex "&'Delivery-date:'& header line"
is forced to fail, no action is taken. Other expansion failures are treated as
errors and cause the delivery to be deferred.
-.new
Unlike most options, &%headers_add%& can be specified multiple times
for a transport; all listed headers are added.
-.wen
.option headers_only transports boolean false
avoids any problems with spaces or shell metacharacters, and is of use when a
&(pipe)& transport is handling groups of addresses in a batch.
-.new
If &%force_command%& is enabled on the transport, Special handling takes place
for an argument that consists of precisely the text &`$address_pipe`&. It
is handled similarly to &$pipe_addresses$& above. It is expanded and each
the only item in the argument; in fact, if it were then &%force_command%&
should behave as a no-op. Rather, it should be used to adjust the command
run while preserving the argument vector separation.
-.wen
After splitting up into arguments and expansion, the resulting command is run
in a subprocess directly from the transport, &'not'& under a shell. The
frozen in Exim's queue instead.
-.new
.option force_command pipe boolean false
.cindex "force command"
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport", "force command"
Note that &$address_pipe$& is handled specially in &%command%& when
&%force_command%& is set, expanding out to the original argument vector as
separate items, similarly to a Unix shell &`"$@"`& construct.
-.wen
.option ignore_status pipe boolean false
If this option is true, the status returned by the subprocess that is set up to
are in force when any authenticators are run and when the
&%authenticated_sender%& option is expanded.
-.new
These variables are deprecated in favour of &$tls_in_cipher$& et. al.
and will be removed in a future release.
-.wen
.section "Private options for smtp" "SECID146"
details.
-.new
.option dscp smtp string&!! unset
.cindex "DCSP" "outbound"
This option causes the DSCP value associated with a socket to be set to one
that these values will have any effect, not be stripped by networking
equipment, or do much of anything without cooperation with your Network
Engineer and those of all network operators between the source and destination.
-.wen
.option fallback_hosts smtp "string list" unset
Exim will not try to start a TLS session when delivering to any host that
matches this list. See chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS.
-.new
.option hosts_verify_avoid_tls smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex "TLS" "avoiding for certain hosts"
Exim will not try to start a TLS session for a verify callout,
or when delivering in cutthrough mode,
to any host that matches this list.
Note that the default is to not use TLS.
-.wen
.option hosts_max_try smtp integer 5
be the name of a file that contains a CRL in PEM format.
-.new
.option tls_dh_min_bits smtp integer 1024
.cindex "TLS" "Diffie-Hellman minimum acceptable size"
When establishing a TLS session, if a ciphersuite which uses Diffie-Hellman
will fail.
Only supported when using GnuTLS.
-.wen
.option tls_privatekey smtp string&!! unset
.endd
-.new
.option client_set_id authenticators string&!! unset
When client authentication succeeds, this condition is expanded; the
result is used in the log lines for outbound messasges.
Typically it will be the user name used for authentication.
-.wen
.option driver authenticators string unset
generic &%server_set_id%& option is expanded and saved in &$authenticated_id$&.
For any other result, a temporary error code is returned, with the expanded
string as the error text
-.new ", and the failed id saved in &$authenticated_fail_id$&."
&*Warning*&: If you use a lookup in the expansion to find the user's
password, be sure to make the authentication fail if the user is unknown.
The &%tls_require_ciphers%& options operate differently, as described in the
sections &<<SECTreqciphssl>>& and &<<SECTreqciphgnu>>&.
.next
-.new
The &%tls_dh_min_bits%& SMTP transport option is only honoured by GnuTLS.
When using OpenSSL, this option is ignored.
(If an API is found to let OpenSSL be configured in this way,
let the Exim Maintainers know and we'll likely use it).
-.wen
.next
Some other recently added features may only be available in one or the other.
This should be documented with the feature. If the documentation does not
contexts is known as TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA. Check the OpenSSL or GnuTLS
documentation for more details.
-.new
For outgoing SMTP deliveries, &$tls_out_cipher$& is used and logged
(again depending on the &%tls_cipher%& log selector).
-.wen
.section "Requesting and verifying client certificates" "SECID183"
root certificate along with the rest makes it available for the user to
install if the receiving end is a client MUA that can interact with a user.
+Note that certificates using MD5 are unlikely to work on today's Internet;
+even if your libraries allow loading them for use in Exim when acting as a
+server, increasingly clients will not accept such certificates. The error
+diagnostics in such a case can be frustratingly vague.
+
+
.section "Self-signed certificates" "SECID187"
.cindex "certificate" "self-signed"
You can create a self-signed certificate using the &'req'& command provided
with OpenSSL, like this:
-.new
. ==== Do not shorten the duration here without reading and considering
. ==== the text below. Please leave it at 9999 days.
-.wen
.code
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout file1 -out file2 \
-days 9999 -nodes
prompting for the passphrase. This is not helpful if you are going to use
this certificate and key in an MTA, where prompting is not possible.
-.new
. ==== I expect to still be working 26 years from now. The less technical
. ==== debt I create, in terms of storing up trouble for my later years, the
. ==== happier I will be then. We really have reached the point where we
writing, reducing the duration is the most likely choice, but the inexorable
progression of time takes us steadily towards an era where this will not
be a sensible resolution).
-.wen
A self-signed certificate made in this way is sufficient for testing, and
may be adequate for all your requirements if you are mainly interested in
and try again later, but that is their problem, though it does waste some of
your resources.
-.new
The &%acl_smtp_data%& ACL is run after both the &%acl_smtp_dkim%& and
the &%acl_smtp_mime%& ACLs.
-.wen
.section "The SMTP DKIM ACL" "SECTDKIMACL"
The &%acl_smtp_dkim%& ACL is available only when Exim is compiled with DKIM support
received, and is executed for each DKIM signature found in a message. If not
otherwise specified, the default action is to accept.
-.new
This ACL is evaluated before &%acl_smtp_mime%& and &%acl_smtp_data%&.
For details on the operation of DKIM, see chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>&.
-.wen
.section "The SMTP MIME ACL" "SECID194"
effect.
-.new
.vitem &*remove_header*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
This modifier specifies one or more header names in a colon-separated list
that are to be removed from an incoming message, assuming, of course, that
the message is ultimately accepted. For details, see section &<<SECTremoveheadacl>>&.
-.wen
.vitem &*set*&&~<&'acl_name'&>&~=&~<&'value'&>
&<<SECTaclvariables>>&).
-.new
.vitem &*udpsend*&&~=&~<&'parameters'&>
This modifier sends a UDP packet, for purposes such as statistics
collection or behaviour monitoring. The parameters are expanded, and
udpsend = <; 2001:dB8::dead:beef ; 1234 ;\
$tod_zulu $sender_host_address
.endd
-.wen
.endlist
is what is wanted for subsequent tests.
-.new
.vitem &*control&~=&~cutthrough_delivery*&
.cindex "&ACL;" "cutthrough routing"
.cindex "cutthrough" "requesting"
from one SMTP connection to another. If a recipient-verify callout connection is
requested in the same ACL it is held open and used for the data, otherwise one is made
after the ACL completes.
-.new "Note that routers are used in verify mode."
+
+Note that routers are used in verify mode. Note also that headers cannot be
+modified by any of the post-data ACLs (DATA, MIME and DKIM).
+Cutthrough delivery is not supported via transport-filters or when DKIM signing
+of outgoing messages is done, because it sends data to the ultimate destination
+before the entire message has been received from the source.
Should the ultimate destination system positively accept or reject the mail,
a corresponding indication is given to the source system and nothing is queued.
Delivery in this mode avoids the generation of a bounce mail to a (possibly faked)
sender when the destination system is doing content-scan based rejection.
-.wen
-.new
.vitem &*control&~=&~debug/*&<&'options'&>
.cindex "&ACL;" "enabling debug logging"
.cindex "debugging" "enabling from an ACL"
control = debug/opts=+expand+acl
control = debug/tag=.$message_exim_id/opts=+expand
.endd
-.wen
.vitem &*control&~=&~dkim_disable_verify*&
the operation and configuration of DKIM, see chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>&.
-.new
.vitem &*control&~=&~dscp/*&<&'value'&>
.cindex "&ACL;" "setting DSCP value"
.cindex "DSCP" "inbound"
that these values will have any effect, not be stripped by networking
equipment, or do much of anything without cooperation with your Network
Engineer and those of all network operators between the source and destination.
-.wen
.vitem &*control&~=&~enforce_sync*& &&&
add_header = X-blacklisted-at: $dnslist_domain
.endd
The &%add_header%& modifier is permitted in the MAIL, RCPT, PREDATA, DATA,
-MIME, and non-SMTP ACLs (in other words, those that are concerned with
+MIME, DKIM, and non-SMTP ACLs (in other words, those that are concerned with
receiving a message). The message must ultimately be accepted for
&%add_header%& to have any significant effect. You can use &%add_header%& with
any ACL verb, including &%deny%& (though this is potentially useful only in a
RCPT ACL).
+Headers will not be added to the message if the modifier is used in
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+
Leading and trailing newlines are removed from
the data for the &%add_header%& modifier; if it then
contains one or more newlines that
this, you can use ACL variables, as described in section
&<<SECTaclvariables>>&.
-.new
The list of headers yet to be added is given by the &%$headers_added%& variable.
-.wen
The &%add_header%& modifier acts immediately as it is encountered during the
processing of an ACL. Notice the difference between these two cases:
-.new
.section "Removing header lines in ACLs" "SECTremoveheadacl"
.cindex "header lines" "removing in an ACL"
.cindex "header lines" "position of removed lines"
remove_header = x-route-mail1 : x-route-mail2
.endd
The &%remove_header%& modifier is permitted in the MAIL, RCPT, PREDATA, DATA,
-MIME, and non-SMTP ACLs (in other words, those that are concerned with
+MIME, DKIM, and non-SMTP ACLs (in other words, those that are concerned with
receiving a message). The message must ultimately be accepted for
&%remove_header%& to have any significant effect. You can use &%remove_header%&
with any ACL verb, including &%deny%&, though this is really not useful for
any verb that doesn't result in a delivered message.
+Headers will not be removed to the message if the modifier is used in
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+
More than one header can be removed at the same time by using a colon separated
list of header names. The header matching is case insensitive. Wildcards are
not permitted, nor is list expansion performed, so you cannot use hostlists to
&*Warning*&: This facility currently applies only to header lines that are
present during ACL processing. It does NOT remove header lines that are added
in a system filter or in a router or transport.
-.wen
condition false. This means that further processing of the &%warn%& verb
ceases, but processing of the ACL continues.
-.new
If the argument is a named ACL, up to nine space-separated optional values
can be appended; they appear within the called ACL in $acl_arg1 to $acl_arg9,
and $acl_narg is set to the count of values.
Previous values of these variables are restored after the call returns.
The name and values are expanded separately.
-.wen
If the nested &%acl%& returns &"drop"& and the outer condition denies access,
the connection is dropped. If it returns &"discard"&, the verb must be
send email. Details of how this works are given in section
&<<SECTverifyCSA>>&.
+.new
+.vitem &*verify&~=&~header_names_ascii*&
+.cindex "&%verify%& ACL condition"
+.cindex "&ACL;" "verifying header names only ASCII"
+.cindex "header lines" "verifying header names only ASCII"
+.cindex "verifying" "header names only ASCII"
+This condition is relevant only in an ACL that is run after a message has been
+received, that is, in an ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_data%& or
+&%acl_not_smtp%&. It checks all header names (not the content) to make sure
+there are no non-ASCII characters, also excluding control characters. The
+allowable characters are decimal ASCII values 33 through 126.
+
+Exim itself will handle headers with non-ASCII characters, but it can cause
+problems for downstream applications, so this option will allow their
+detection and rejection in the DATA ACL's.
+.wen
+
.vitem &*verify&~=&~header_sender/*&<&'options'&>
.cindex "&%verify%& ACL condition"
.cindex "&ACL;" "verifying sender in the header"
dnslists = some.list.example
.endd
+If an explicit key is being used for a DNS lookup and it may be an IPv6
+address you should specify alternate list separators for both the outer
+(DNS list name) list and inner (lookup keys) list:
+.code
+ dnslists = <; dnsbl.example.com/<|$acl_m_addrslist
+.endd
+
.section "Rate limiting incoming messages" "SECTratelimiting"
.cindex "rate limiting" "client sending"
.cindex "limiting client sending rates"
LHLO is used instead of HELO if the transport's &%protocol%& option is
set to &"lmtp"&.
-.new
The callout may use EHLO, AUTH and/or STARTTLS given appropriate option
settings.
-.wen
A recipient callout check is similar. By default, it also uses an empty address
for the sender. This default is chosen because most hosts do not make use of
av_scanner = sophie:/var/run/sophie
.endd
If the value of &%av_scanner%& starts with a dollar character, it is expanded
-before use. The following scanner types are supported in this release:
+before use.
+The usual list-parsing of the content (see &<<SECTlistconstruct>>&) applies.
+The following scanner types are supported in this release:
.vlist
.vitem &%aveserver%&
There is an option WITH_OLD_CLAMAV_STREAM in &_src/EDITME_& available, should
you be running a version of ClamAV prior to 0.95.
-.new
The final example shows that multiple TCP targets can be specified. Exim will
randomly use one for each incoming email (i.e. it load balances them). Note
that only TCP targets may be used if specifying a list of scanners; a UNIX
clamd: connection to localhost, port 3310 failed
(Connection refused)
.endd
-.wen
If the option is unset, the default is &_/tmp/clamd_&. Thanks to David Saez for
contributing the code for this scanner.
.endd
Exim does not check the syntax of these added header lines.
-.new
Multiple &%headers_add%& options for a single router or transport can be
specified; the values will be concatenated (with a separating newline
added) before expansion.
-.wen
The result of expanding &%headers_remove%& must consist of a colon-separated
list of header names. This is confusing, because header names themselves are
&`<=`& message arrival
&`=>`& normal message delivery
&`->`& additional address in same delivery
-.new
&`>>`& cutthrough message delivery
-.wen
&`*>`& delivery suppressed by &%-N%&
&`**`& delivery failed; address bounced
&`==`& delivery deferred; temporary problem
last of these is given in parentheses after the final address. The R and T
fields record the router and transport that were used to process the address.
-.new
If SMTP AUTH was used for the delivery there is an additional item A=
followed by the name of the authenticator that was used.
If an authenticated identification was set up by the authenticator's &%client_set_id%&
option, this is logged too, separated by a colon from the authenticator name.
-.wen
If a shadow transport was run after a successful local delivery, the log line
for the successful delivery has an item added on the end, of the form
down a single SMTP connection, an asterisk follows the IP address in the log
lines for the second and subsequent messages.
-.new
.cindex "delivery" "cutthrough; logging"
.cindex "cutthrough" "logging"
When delivery is done in cutthrough mode it is flagged with &`>>`& and the log
line precedes the reception line, since cutthrough waits for a possible
rejection from the destination in case it can reject the sourced item.
-.wen
The generation of a reply message by a filter file gets logged as a
&"delivery"& to the addressee, preceded by &">"&.
&`R `& on &`<=`& lines: reference for local bounce
&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
&`S `& size of message
+&`SNI `& server name indication from TLS client hello
&`ST `& shadow transport name
&`T `& on &`<=`& lines: message subject (topic)
&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: transport name
The list of optional log items is in the following table, with the default
selection marked by asterisks:
.display
-.new
&` 8bitmime `& received 8BITMIME status
-.wen
&`*acl_warn_skipped `& skipped &%warn%& statement in ACL
&` address_rewrite `& address rewriting
&` all_parents `& all parents in => lines
&`*sender_verify_fail `& sender verification failures
&`*size_reject `& rejection because too big
&`*skip_delivery `& delivery skipped in a queue run
-.new
&`*smtp_confirmation `& SMTP confirmation on => lines
-.wen
&` smtp_connection `& SMTP connections
&` smtp_incomplete_transaction`& incomplete SMTP transactions
-.new
&` smtp_mailauth `& AUTH argument to MAIL commands
-.wen
&` smtp_no_mail `& session with no MAIL commands
&` smtp_protocol_error `& SMTP protocol errors
&` smtp_syntax_error `& SMTP syntax errors
More details on each of these items follows:
.ilist
-.new
.cindex "8BITMIME"
.cindex "log" "8BITMIME"
&%8bitmime%&: This causes Exim to log any 8BITMIME status of received messages,
that are not 8bit clean. This is added to the &"<="& line, tagged with
&`M8S=`& and a value of &`0`&, &`7`& or &`8`&, corresponding to "not given",
&`7BIT`& and &`8BITMIME`& respectively.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "&%warn%& ACL verb" "log when skipping"
&%acl_warn_skipped%&: When an ACL &%warn%& statement is skipped because one of
.next
.cindex "log" "smtp confirmation"
.cindex "SMTP" "logging confirmation"
-&%smtp_confirmation%&: The response to the final &"."& in the SMTP dialogue for
+.cindex "LMTP" "logging confirmation"
+&%smtp_confirmation%&: The response to the final &"."& in the SMTP or LMTP dialogue for
outgoing messages is added to delivery log lines in the form &`C=`&<&'text'&>.
A number of MTAs (including Exim) return an identifying string in this
response.
setting of 10 for &%smtp_accep_max_nonmail%&, the connection will in any case
have been aborted before 20 non-mail commands are processed.
.next
-.new
&%smtp_mailauth%&: A third subfield with the authenticated sender,
colon-separated, is appended to the A= item for a message arrival or delivery
log line, if an AUTH argument to the SMTP MAIL command (see &<<SECTauthparamail>>&)
was accepted or used.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "SMTP protocol error"
.cindex "SMTP" "logging protocol error"
-.new
.section "Running local commands" "SECTsecconslocalcmds"
+.cindex "security" "local commands"
+.cindex "security" "command injection attacks"
There are a number of ways in which an administrator can configure Exim to run
commands based upon received, untrustworthy, data. Further, in some
configurations a user who can control a &_.forward_& file can also arrange to
injected in, for SQL injection attacks.
Consider the use of the &%inlisti%& expansion condition instead.
.endlist
-.wen
+
+
+
+
+.section "Trust in configuration data" "SECTsecconfdata"
+.cindex "security" "data sources"
+.cindex "security" "regular expressions"
+.cindex "regular expressions" "security"
+.cindex "PCRE" "security"
+If configuration data for Exim can come from untrustworthy sources, there
+are some issues to be aware of:
+
+.ilist
+Use of &%${expand...}%& may provide a path for shell injection attacks.
+.next
+Letting untrusted data provide a regular expression is unwise.
+.next
+Using &%${match...}%& to apply a fixed regular expression against untrusted
+data may result in pathological behaviour within PCRE. Be aware of what
+"backtracking" means and consider options for being more strict with a regular
+expression. Avenues to explore include limiting what can match (avoiding &`.`&
+when &`[a-z0-9]`& or other character class will do), use of atomic grouping and
+possessive quantifiers or just not using regular expressions against untrusted
+data.
+.next
+It can be important to correctly use &%${quote:...}%&,
+&%${quote_local_part:...}%& and &%${quote_%&<&'lookup-type'&>&%:...}%& expansion
+items to ensure that data is correctly constructed.
+.next
+Some lookups might return multiple results, even though normal usage is only
+expected to yield one result.
+.endlist
+
Exim's DKIM implementation allows to
.olist
Sign outgoing messages: This function is implemented in the SMTP transport.
-It can co-exist with all other Exim features, including transport filters.
+It can co-exist with all other Exim features
+(including transport filters)
+except cutthrough delivery.
.next
Verify signatures in incoming messages: This is implemented by an additional
ACL (acl_smtp_dkim), which can be called several times per message, with
Verification of DKIM signatures in incoming email is implemented via the
&%acl_smtp_dkim%& ACL. By default, this ACL is called once for each
syntactically(!) correct signature in the incoming message.
+A missing ACL definition defaults to accept.
+If any ACL call does not acccept, the message is not accepted.
+If a cutthrough delivery was in progress for the message it is
+summarily dropped (having wasted the transmission effort).
To evaluate the signature in the ACL a large number of expansion variables
containing the signature status and its details are set up during the
Edit &_src/drtables.c_&, adding conditional code to pull in the private header
and create a table entry as is done for all the other drivers and lookup types.
.next
-.new
Edit &_scripts/lookups-Makefile_& if this is a new lookup; there is a for-loop
near the bottom, ranging the &`name_mod`& variable over a list of all lookups.
Add your &`NEWDRIVER`& to that list.
As long as the dynamic module would be named &_newdriver.so_&, you can use the
simple form that most lookups have.
-.wen
.next
Edit &_Makefile_& in the appropriate sub-directory (&_src/routers_&,
&_src/transports_&, &_src/auths_&, or &_src/lookups_&); add a line for the new
git://git.exim.org / users / jgh / exim.git / blobdiff