1 /* $Cambridge: exim/src/src/os.c,v 1.8 2009/11/16 19:50:37 nm4 Exp $ */
3 /*************************************************
4 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
5 *************************************************/
7 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2009 */
8 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
16 /* This source file contains "default" system-dependent functions which
17 provide functionality (or lack of it) in cases where the OS-specific os.c
18 file has not. Some of them are tailored by macros defined in os.h files. */
21 #ifndef OS_RESTARTING_SIGNAL
22 /*************************************************
23 * Set up restarting signal *
24 *************************************************/
26 /* This function has the same functionality as the ANSI C signal() function,
27 except that it arranges that, if the signal happens during a system call, the
28 system call gets restarted. (Also, it doesn't return a result.) Different
29 versions of Unix have different defaults, and different ways of setting up a
30 restarting signal handler. If the functionality is not available, the signal
31 should be set to be ignored. This function is used only for catching SIGUSR1.
35 os_restarting_signal(int sig, void (*handler)(int))
37 /* Many systems have the SA_RESTART sigaction for specifying that a signal
38 should restart system calls. These include SunOS5, AIX, BSDI, IRIX, FreeBSD,
39 OSF1, Linux and HP-UX 10 (but *not* HP-UX 9). */
43 act.sa_handler = handler;
44 sigemptyset(&(act.sa_mask));
45 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
46 sigaction(sig, &act, NULL);
49 printf("Used SA_RESTART\n");
52 /* SunOS4 and Ultrix default to non-interruptable signals, with SV_INTERRUPT
53 for making them interruptable. This seems to be a dying fashion. */
55 #elif defined SV_INTERRUPT
59 printf("Used default signal()\n");
63 /* If neither SA_RESTART nor SV_INTERRUPT is available we don't know how to
64 set up a restarting signal, so simply suppress the facility. */
70 printf("Used SIG_IGN\n");
76 #endif /* OS_RESTARTING_SIGNAL */
79 #ifndef OS_NON_RESTARTING_SIGNAL
80 /*************************************************
81 * Set up non-restarting signal *
82 *************************************************/
84 /* This function has the same functionality as the ANSI C signal() function,
85 except that it arranges that, if the signal happens during a system call, the
86 system call gets interrupted. (Also, it doesn't return a result.) Different
87 versions of Unix have different defaults, and different ways of setting up a
88 non-restarting signal handler. For systems for which we don't know what to do,
89 just use the normal signal() function and hope for the best. */
92 os_non_restarting_signal(int sig, void (*handler)(int))
94 /* Many systems have the SA_RESTART sigaction for specifying that a signal
95 should restart system calls. These include SunOS5, AIX, BSDI, IRIX, FreeBSD,
96 OSF1, Linux and HP-UX 10 (but *not* HP-UX 9). */
100 act.sa_handler = handler;
101 sigemptyset(&(act.sa_mask));
103 sigaction(sig, &act, NULL);
106 printf("Used sigaction() with flags = 0\n");
109 /* SunOS4 and Ultrix default to non-interruptable signals, with SV_INTERRUPT
110 for making them interruptable. This seems to be a dying fashion. */
112 #elif defined SV_INTERRUPT
114 sv.sv_handler = handler;
115 sv.sv_flags = SV_INTERRUPT;
117 sigvec(sig, &sv, NULL);
120 printf("Used sigvec() with flags = SV_INTERRUPT\n");
123 /* If neither SA_RESTART nor SV_INTERRUPT is available we don't know how to
124 set up a restarting signal, so just use the standard signal() function. */
127 signal(sig, handler);
130 printf("Used default signal()\n");
136 #endif /* OS_NON_RESTARTING_SIGNAL */
140 #ifdef STRERROR_FROM_ERRLIST
141 /*************************************************
142 * Provide strerror() for non-ANSI libraries *
143 *************************************************/
145 /* Some old-fashioned systems still around (e.g. SunOS4) don't have strerror()
146 in their libraries, but can provide the same facility by this simple
147 alternative function. */
152 if (n < 0 || n >= sys_nerr) return "unknown error number";
153 return sys_errlist[n];
155 #endif /* STRERROR_FROM_ERRLIST */
160 /*************************************************
161 * Provide strsignal() for systems without *
162 *************************************************/
164 /* Some systems have strsignal() to turn signal numbers into names; others
165 may have other means of doing this. This function is used for those systems
166 that have nothing. It provides a basic translation for the common standard
167 signal numbers. I've been extra cautious with the ifdef's here. Probably more
168 than is necessary... */
171 os_strsignal(const int n)
176 case SIGHUP: return "hangup";
180 case SIGINT: return "interrupt";
184 case SIGQUIT: return "quit";
188 case SIGILL: return "illegal instruction";
192 case SIGTRAP: return "trace trap";
196 case SIGABRT: return "abort";
200 case SIGEMT: return "EMT instruction";
204 case SIGFPE: return "arithmetic exception";
208 case SIGKILL: return "killed";
212 case SIGBUS: return "bus error";
216 case SIGSEGV: return "segmentation fault";
220 case SIGSYS: return "bad system call";
224 case SIGPIPE: return "broken pipe";
228 case SIGALRM: return "alarm";
232 case SIGTERM: return "terminated";
236 case SIGUSR1: return "user signal 1";
240 case SIGUSR2: return "user signal 2";
244 case SIGCHLD: return "child stop or exit";
248 case SIGPWR: return "power fail/restart";
252 case SIGURG: return "urgent condition on I/O channel";
256 case SIGSTOP: return "stop";
260 case SIGTSTP: return "stop from tty";
264 case SIGXCPU: return "exceeded CPU limit";
268 case SIGXFSZ: return "exceeded file size limit";
271 default: return "unrecognized signal number";
274 #endif /* OS_STRSIGNAL */
279 /*************************************************
280 * Provide strexit() for systems without *
281 *************************************************/
283 /* Actually, I don't know of any system that has a strexit() function to turn
284 exit codes into text, but this function is implemented this way so that if any
285 OS does have such a thing, it could be used instead of this build-in one. */
288 os_strexit(const int n)
292 /* On systems without sysexits.h we can assume only those exit codes
293 that are given a default value in exim.h. */
296 case EX_USAGE: return "(could mean usage or syntax error)";
297 case EX_DATAERR: return "(could mean error in input data)";
298 case EX_NOINPUT: return "(could mean input data missing)";
299 case EX_NOUSER: return "(could mean user nonexistent)";
300 case EX_NOHOST: return "(could mean host nonexistent)";
301 case EX_SOFTWARE: return "(could mean internal software error)";
302 case EX_OSERR: return "(could mean internal operating system error)";
303 case EX_OSFILE: return "(could mean system file missing)";
304 case EX_IOERR: return "(could mean input/output error)";
305 case EX_PROTOCOL: return "(could mean protocol error)";
306 case EX_NOPERM: return "(could mean permission denied)";
309 case EX_EXECFAILED: return "(could mean unable to exec or command does not exist)";
310 case EX_UNAVAILABLE: return "(could mean service or program unavailable)";
311 case EX_CANTCREAT: return "(could mean can't create output file)";
312 case EX_TEMPFAIL: return "(could mean temporary error)";
313 case EX_CONFIG: return "(could mean configuration error)";
317 #endif /* OS_STREXIT */
322 /***********************************************************
323 * Load average function *
324 ***********************************************************/
326 /* Although every Unix seems to have a different way of getting the load
327 average, a number of them have things in common. Some common variants are
328 provided below, but if an OS has unique requirements it can be handled in
329 a specific os.c file. What is required is a function called os_getloadavg
330 which takes no arguments and passes back the load average * 1000 as an int,
331 or -1 if no data is available. */
334 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
335 /* If the OS has got a BSD getloadavg() function, life is very easy. */
337 #if !defined(OS_LOAD_AVERAGE) && defined(HAVE_BSD_GETLOADAVG)
338 #define OS_LOAD_AVERAGE
344 int loads = getloadavg (&avg, 1);
345 if (loads != 1) return -1;
346 return (int)(avg * 1000.0);
349 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
353 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
354 /* Only SunOS5 has the kstat functions as far as I know, but put the code
355 here as there is the -hal variant, and other systems might follow this road one
358 #if !defined(OS_LOAD_AVERAGE) && defined(HAVE_KSTAT)
359 #define OS_LOAD_AVERAGE
371 if ((kc = kstat_open()) == NULL ||
372 (ksp = kstat_lookup(kc, LOAD_AVG_KSTAT_MODULE, 0, LOAD_AVG_KSTAT))
374 kstat_read(kc, ksp, NULL) < 0 ||
375 (kn = kstat_data_lookup(ksp, LOAD_AVG_SYMBOL)) == NULL)
378 avg = (int)(((double)(kn->LOAD_AVG_FIELD)/FSCALE) * 1000.0);
385 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
389 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
390 /* Handle OS where a kernel symbol has to be read from /dev/kmem */
392 #if !defined(OS_LOAD_AVERAGE) && defined(HAVE_DEV_KMEM)
393 #define OS_LOAD_AVERAGE
397 static int avg_kd = -1;
398 static long avg_offset;
408 nl[0].n_name = LOAD_AVG_SYMBOL;
410 nlist (KERNEL_PATH, nl);
411 avg_offset = (long)nl[0].n_value;
412 avg_kd = open ("/dev/kmem", 0);
413 if (avg_kd < 0) return -1;
414 (void) fcntl(avg_kd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
417 if (lseek (avg_kd, avg_offset, 0) == -1L
418 || read (avg_kd, (char *)(&avg), sizeof (avg)) != sizeof(avg))
421 return (int)(((double)avg/FSCALE)*1000.0);
425 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
429 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
430 /* If nothing is known about this OS, then the load average facility is
433 #ifndef OS_LOAD_AVERAGE
443 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
447 #if !defined FIND_RUNNING_INTERFACES
448 /*************************************************
449 * Find all the running network interfaces *
450 *************************************************/
452 /* Finding all the running interfaces is something that has os-dependent
453 tweaks, even in the IPv4 case, and it gets worse for IPv6, which is why this
454 code is now in the os-dependent source file. There is a common function which
455 works on most OS (except IRIX) for IPv4 interfaces, and, with some variations
456 controlled by macros, on at least one OS for IPv6 and IPv4 interfaces. On Linux
457 with IPv6, the common function is used for the IPv4 interfaces and additional
458 code used for IPv6. Consequently, the real function is called
459 os_common_find_running_interfaces() so that it can be called from the Linux
460 function. On non-Linux systems, the macro for os_find_running_interfaces just
461 calls the common function; on Linux it calls the Linux function.
463 This function finds the addresses of all the running interfaces on the machine.
464 A chain of blocks containing the textual form of the addresses is returned.
466 getifaddrs() provides a sane consistent way to query this on modern OSs,
467 otherwise fall back to a maze of twisty ioctl() calls
470 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each pointing to a textual
471 version of an IP address, with the port field set to zero
475 #ifndef NO_FIND_INTERFACES
477 #ifdef HAVE_GETIFADDRS
482 os_common_find_running_interfaces(void)
484 struct ifaddrs *ifalist = NULL;
485 ip_address_item *yield = NULL;
486 ip_address_item *last = NULL;
487 ip_address_item *next;
489 if (getifaddrs(&ifalist) != 0)
490 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Unable to call getifaddrs: %d %s",
491 errno, strerror(errno));
494 for (ifa = ifalist; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next)
496 if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_INET
498 && ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_INET6
499 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
503 if ( !(ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) ) /* Only want 'UP' interfaces */
506 /* Create a data block for the address, fill in the data, and put it on the
509 next = store_get(sizeof(ip_address_item));
512 (void)host_ntoa(-1, ifa->ifa_addr, next->address, NULL);
522 DEBUG(D_interface) debug_printf("Actual local interface address is %s (%s)\n",
523 last->address, ifa->ifa_name);
526 /* free the list of addresses, and return the chain of data blocks. */
528 freeifaddrs (ifalist);
532 #else /* HAVE_GETIFADDRS */
537 (1) Solaris 2 has the SIOGIFNUM call to get the number of interfaces, but
538 other OS (including Solaris 1) appear not to. So just screw in a largeish
539 fixed number, defined by MAX_INTERFACES. This is in the config.h file and
540 can be changed in Local/Makefile. Unfortunately, the www addressing scheme
541 means that some hosts have a very large number of virtual interfaces. Such
542 hosts are recommended to set local_interfaces to avoid problems with this.
544 (2) If the standard code is run on IRIX, it does not return any alias
545 interfaces. There is special purpose code for that operating system, which
546 uses the sysctl() function. The code is in OS/os.c-IRIX, and this code isn't
549 (3) Some experimental/developing OS (e.g. GNU/Hurd) do not have any means
550 of finding the interfaces. If NO_FIND_INTERFACES is set, a fudge-up is used
553 (4) Some operating systems set the IP address in what SIOCGIFCONF returns;
554 others do not, and require SIOCGIFADDR to be called to get it. For most of
555 the former, calling the latter does no harm, but it causes grief on Linux and
556 BSD systems in the case of IP aliasing, so a means of cutting it out is
560 /* If there is IPv6 support, and SIOCGLIFCONF is defined, define macros to
561 use these new, longer versions of the old IPv4 interfaces. Otherwise, define
562 the macros to use the historical versions. */
564 #if HAVE_IPV6 && defined SIOCGLIFCONF
565 #define V_ifconf lifconf
566 #define V_ifreq lifreq
567 #define V_GIFADDR SIOCGLIFADDR
568 #define V_GIFCONF SIOCGLIFCONF
569 #define V_GIFFLAGS SIOCGLIFFLAGS
570 #define V_ifc_buf lifc_buf
571 #define V_ifc_family lifc_family
572 #define V_ifc_flags lifc_flags
573 #define V_ifc_len lifc_len
574 #define V_ifr_addr lifr_addr
575 #define V_ifr_flags lifr_flags
576 #define V_ifr_name lifr_name
577 #define V_FAMILY_QUERY AF_UNSPEC
578 #define V_family ss_family
580 #define V_ifconf ifconf
581 #define V_ifreq ifreq
582 #define V_GIFADDR SIOCGIFADDR
583 #define V_GIFCONF SIOCGIFCONF
584 #define V_GIFFLAGS SIOCGIFFLAGS
585 #define V_ifc_buf ifc_buf
586 #define V_ifc_family ifc_family
587 #define V_ifc_flags ifc_flags
588 #define V_ifc_len ifc_len
589 #define V_ifr_addr ifr_addr
590 #define V_ifr_flags ifr_flags
591 #define V_ifr_name ifr_name
592 #define V_family sa_family
595 /* In all cases of IPv6 support, use an IPv6 socket. Otherwise (at least on
596 Solaris 8) the call to read the flags doesn't work for IPv6 interfaces. If
597 we find we can't actually make an IPv6 socket, the code will revert to trying
601 #define FAMILY AF_INET6
603 #define FAMILY AF_INET
606 /* OK, after all that preliminary stuff, here's the code. */
609 os_common_find_running_interfaces(void)
612 struct V_ifreq ifreq;
614 ip_address_item *yield = NULL;
615 ip_address_item *last = NULL;
616 ip_address_item *next;
618 char buf[MAX_INTERFACES*sizeof(struct V_ifreq)];
619 struct sockaddr *addrp;
623 /* We have to create a socket in order to do ioctls on it to find out
624 what we want to know. */
626 if ((vs = socket(FAMILY, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
630 debug_printf("Unable to create IPv6 socket to find interface addresses:\n "
631 "error %d %s\nTrying for an IPv4 socket\n", errno, strerror(errno));
632 vs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
635 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Unable to create IPv4 socket to find interface "
636 "addresses: %d %s", errno, strerror(errno));
639 /* Get the interface configuration. Some additional data is required when the
640 new structures are in use. */
642 ifc.V_ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
645 #ifdef V_FAMILY_QUERY
646 ifc.V_ifc_family = V_FAMILY_QUERY;
650 if (ioctl(vs, V_GIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)
651 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Unable to get interface configuration: %d %s",
652 errno, strerror(errno));
654 /* If the buffer is big enough, the ioctl sets the value of ifc.V_ifc_len to
655 the amount actually used. If the buffer isn't big enough, at least on some
656 operating systems, ifc.V_ifc_len still gets set to correspond to the total
657 number of interfaces, even though they don't all fit in the buffer. */
659 if (ifc.V_ifc_len > sizeof(buf))
661 ifc.V_ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
663 debug_printf("more than %d interfaces found: remainder not used\n"
664 "(set MAX_INTERFACES in Local/Makefile and rebuild if you want more)\n",
668 /* For each interface, check it is an IP interface, get its flags, and see if
669 it is up; if not, skip.
671 BSD systems differ from others in what SIOCGIFCONF returns. Other systems
672 return a vector of ifreq structures whose size is as defined by the structure.
673 BSD systems allow sockaddrs to be longer than their sizeof, which in turn makes
674 the ifreq structures longer than their sizeof. The code below has its origins
675 in amd and ifconfig; it uses the sa_len field of each sockaddr to determine
678 This is complicated by the fact that, at least on BSD systems, the data in the
679 buffer is not guaranteed to be aligned. Thus, we must first copy the basic
680 struct to some aligned memory before looking at the field in the fixed part to
681 find its length, and then recopy the correct length. */
683 for (cp = buf; cp < buf + ifc.V_ifc_len; cp += len)
685 memcpy((char *)&ifreq, cp, sizeof(ifreq));
688 len = sizeof(struct V_ifreq);
691 len = ((ifreq.ifr_addr.sa_len > sizeof(ifreq.ifr_addr))?
692 ifreq.ifr_addr.sa_len : sizeof(ifreq.ifr_addr)) +
693 sizeof(ifreq.V_ifr_name);
694 if (len > sizeof(addrbuf))
695 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Address for %s interface is absurdly long",
700 /* If not an IP interface, skip */
702 if (ifreq.V_ifr_addr.V_family != AF_INET
704 && ifreq.V_ifr_addr.V_family != AF_INET6
708 /* Get the interface flags, and if the interface is down, continue. Formerly,
709 we treated the inability to get the flags as a panic-die error. However, it
710 seems that on some OS (Solaris 9 being the case noted), it is possible to
711 have an interface in this list for which this call fails because the
712 interface hasn't been "plumbed" to any protocol (IPv4 or IPv6). Therefore,
713 we now just treat this case as "down" as well. */
715 if (ioctl(vs, V_GIFFLAGS, (char *)&ifreq) < 0)
719 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Unable to get flags for %s interface: %d %s",
720 ifreq.V_ifr_name, errno, strerror(errno));
723 if ((ifreq.V_ifr_flags & IFF_UP) == 0) continue;
725 /* On some operating systems we have to get the IP address of the interface
726 by another call. On others, it's already there, but we must copy the full
727 length because we only copied the basic length above, and anyway,
728 GIFFLAGS may have wrecked the data. */
730 #ifndef SIOCGIFCONF_GIVES_ADDR
731 if (ioctl(vs, V_GIFADDR, (char *)&ifreq) < 0)
732 log_write(0, LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Unable to get IP address for %s interface: "
733 "%d %s", ifreq.V_ifr_name, errno, strerror(errno));
734 addrp = &ifreq.V_ifr_addr;
737 memcpy(addrbuf, cp + offsetof(struct V_ifreq, V_ifr_addr),
738 len - sizeof(ifreq.V_ifr_name));
739 addrp = (struct sockaddr *)addrbuf;
742 /* Create a data block for the address, fill in the data, and put it on the
745 next = store_get(sizeof(ip_address_item));
748 (void)host_ntoa(-1, addrp, next->address, NULL);
750 if (yield == NULL) yield = last = next; else
756 DEBUG(D_interface) debug_printf("Actual local interface address is %s (%s)\n",
757 last->address, ifreq.V_ifr_name);
760 /* Close the socket, and return the chain of data blocks. */
766 #endif /* HAVE_GETIFADDRS */
768 #else /* NO_FIND_INTERFACES */
770 /* Some experimental or developing OS (e.g. GNU/Hurd) do not have the ioctls,
771 and there is no other way to get a list of the (IP addresses of) local
772 interfaces. We just return the loopback address(es). */
775 os_common_find_running_interfaces(void)
777 ip_address_item *yield = store_get(sizeof(address_item));
778 yield->address = US"127.0.0.1";
783 yield->next = store_get(sizeof(address_item));
784 yield->next->address = US"::1";
785 yield->next->port = 0;
786 yield->next->next = NULL;
789 DEBUG(D_interface) debug_printf("Unable to find local interface addresses "
790 "on this OS: returning loopback address(es)\n");
794 #endif /* NO_FIND_INTERFACES */
795 #endif /* FIND_RUNNING_INTERFACES */
801 /*************************************************
802 **************************************************
803 * Stand-alone test program *
804 **************************************************
805 *************************************************/
810 #ifdef CLOCKS_PER_SEC
811 #define REAL_CLOCK_TICK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
814 #define REAL_CLOCK_TICK CLK_TCK
816 #define REAL_CLOCK_TICK 1000000 /* SunOS4 */
821 int main(int argc, char **argv)
824 int fd = fileno(stdin);
827 printf("Testing restarting signal; wait for handler message, then type a line\n");
828 strcpy(buffer, "*** default ***\n");
829 os_restarting_signal(SIGALRM, sigalrm_handler);
831 if ((rc = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) < 0)
832 printf("No data read\n");
836 printf("Read: %s", buffer);
840 printf("Testing non-restarting signal; should read no data after handler message\n");
841 strcpy(buffer, "*** default ***\n");
842 os_non_restarting_signal(SIGALRM, sigalrm_handler);
844 if ((rc = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) < 0)
845 printf("No data read\n");
849 printf("Read: %s", buffer);
853 printf("Testing load averages (last test - ^C to kill)\n");
858 clock_t before = clock();
859 avg = os_getloadavg();
860 used = clock() - before;
861 printf("cpu time = %.2f ", (double)used/REAL_CLOCK_TICK);
864 printf("load average not available\n");
867 printf("load average = %.2f\n", (double)avg/1000.0);