. Update the Copyright year (only) when changing content.
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.set previousversion "4.90"
+.set previousversion "4.91"
.include ./local_params
.set ACL "access control lists (ACLs)"
.section "FTP and web sites" "SECID2"
.cindex "web site"
.cindex "FTP site"
-.new
The primary site for Exim source distributions is the &%exim.org%& FTP site,
available over HTTPS, HTTP and FTP. These services, and the &%exim.org%&
website, are hosted at the University of Cambridge.
-.wen
.cindex "wiki"
.cindex "FAQ"
online information is the Exim wiki (&url(http://wiki.exim.org)),
which contains what used to be a separate FAQ, as well as various other
examples, tips, and know-how that have been contributed by Exim users.
-.new
The wiki site should always redirect to the correct place, which is currently
provided by GitHub, and is open to editing by anyone with a GitHub account.
-.wen
.cindex Bugzilla
An Exim Bugzilla exists at &url(https://bugs.exim.org). You can use
this to report bugs, and also to add items to the wish list. Please search
first to check that you are not duplicating a previous entry.
-.new
Please do not ask for configuration help in the bug-tracker.
-.wen
.section "Mailing lists" "SECID3"
.cindex "HTTPS download site"
.cindex "distribution" "ftp site"
.cindex "distribution" "https site"
-.new
The master distribution site for the Exim distribution is
.display
&*https://downloads.exim.org/*&
follow are relative to the &_exim_& directories at these sites.
If accessing via the hostname &'downloads'& then the subdirectories described
here are top-level directories.
-.wen
There are now quite a number of independent mirror sites around
the world. Those that I know about are listed in the file called &_Mirrors_&.
.endd
where &'n.nn'& is the highest such version number in the directory. The three
files contain identical data; the only difference is the type of compression.
-.new
The &_.xz_& file is usually the smallest, while the &_.gz_& file is the
most portable to old systems.
-.wen
.cindex "distribution" "signing details"
.cindex "distribution" "public key"
&_nigel-pubkey.asc_&. All keys used will be available in public keyserver pools,
such as &'pool.sks-keyservers.net'&.
-.new
At time of last update, releases were being made by Jeremy Harris and signed
with key &'0xBCE58C8CE41F32DF'&. Other recent keys used for signing are those
of Heiko Schlittermann, &'0x26101B62F69376CE'&,
and of Phil Pennock, &'0x4D1E900E14C1CC04'&.
-.wen
The signatures for the tar bundles are in:
.display
&_exim-postscript-n.nn.tar.gz_&
&_exim-texinfo-n.nn.tar.gz_&
.endd
-.new
These tar files contain only the &_doc_& directory, not the complete
distribution, and are also available in &_.bz2_& and &_.xz_& forms.
-.wen
.section "Limitations" "SECID6"
are available, similarly to the drivers. Because macros are sometimes used
for storing passwords, this option is restricted.
The output format is one item per line.
-.new
For the "-bP macro <name>" form, if no such macro is found
the exit status will be nonzero.
-.wen
.vitem &%-bp%&
.oindex "&%-bp%&"
.vitem &%-MCK%&
.oindex "&%-MCK%&"
This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
-by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that a
remote host supports the ESMTP &_CHUNKING_& extension.
.vitem &%-MCP%&
${lookup redis{get keyname}}
.endd
-.new
As of release 4.91, "lightweight" support for Redis Cluster is available.
Requires &%redis_servers%& list to contain all the servers in the cluster, all
of which must be reachable from the running exim instance. If the cluster has
master/slave replication, the list must contain all the master and slave
servers.
-When the Redis Cluster returns a "MOVED" response to a query, exim does not
+When the Redis Cluster returns a "MOVED" response to a query, Exim does not
immediately follow the redirection but treats the response as a DEFER, moving on
to the next server in the &%redis_servers%& list until the correct server is
reached.
-.wen
.ecindex IIDfidalo1
.ecindex IIDfidalo2
If the ACL returns defer the result is a forced-fail. Otherwise the expansion fails.
-.new
.vitem "&*${authresults{*&<&'authserv-id'&>&*}}*&"
.cindex authentication "results header"
.cindex headers "authentication-results:"
&'Authentication-Results"'&
header line.
The given <&'authserv-id'&> is included in the result; typically this
-will ba a domain name identifying the system performing the authentications.
-Methods that may be present in the result include:
+will be a domain name identifying the system performing the authentications.
+Methods that might be present in the result include:
.code
none
iprev
.code
add_header = :at_start:${authresults {$primary_hostname}}
.endd
-This is safe even if no authentication reselts are available.
-.wen
+This is safe even if no authentication results are available.
.vitem "&*${certextract{*&<&'field'&>&*}{*&<&'certificate'&>&*}&&&
The &%sha3%& expansion item is only supported if Exim has been
compiled with GnuTLS 3.5.0 or later,
-.new
or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later.
The macro "_CRYPTO_HASH_SHA3" will be defined if it is supported.
-.wen
.vitem &*${stat:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
the value of &$authenticated_id$& is normally the login name of the calling
process. However, a trusted user can override this by means of the &%-oMai%&
command line option.
-.new
This second case also sets up inforamtion used by the
&$authresults$& expansion item.
-.wen
.vitem &$authenticated_fail_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "fail" "id"
the result, the name is not accepted, and &$host_lookup_deferred$& is set to
&"1"&. See also &$sender_host_name$&.
-.new
.cindex authentication "expansion item"
Performing these checks sets up information used by the
&$authresults$& expansion item.
-.wen
.vitem &$host_lookup_failed$&
is compiled with the content-scanning extension. For details, see section
&<<SECTscanspamass>>&.
-.new
.vitem &$spf_header_comment$& &&&
&$spf_received$& &&&
&$spf_result$& &&&
&$spf_smtp_comment$&
These variables are only available if Exim is built with SPF support.
For details see section &<<SECSPF>>&.
-.wen
.vitem &$spool_directory$&
.vindex "&$spool_directory$&"
&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
or a &%def%& condition.
-&*Note*&: Under current versions of OpenSSL, when a list of more than one
+&*Note*&: Under versions of OpenSSL preceding 1.1.1,
+when a list of more than one
file is used for &%tls_certificate%&, this variable is not reliable.
.vitem &$tls_in_peercert$&
-.new
.option spf_guess main string "v=spf1 a/24 mx/24 ptr ?all"
This option is available when Exim is compiled with SPF support.
See section &<<SECSPF>>& for more details.
-.wen
.option spool_wireformat main boolean false
.cindex "spool directory" "file formats"
-If this option is set, Exim may for some messages use an alternate format
+If this option is set, Exim may for some messages use an alternative format
for data-files in the spool which matches the wire format.
Doing this permits more efficient message reception and transmission.
-Currently it is only done for messages received using the EMSTP CHUNKING
+Currently it is only done for messages received using the ESMTP CHUNKING
option.
The following variables will not have useful values:
Users of the local_scan() API (see &<<CHAPlocalscan>>&),
and any external programs which are passed a reference to a message data file
(except via the &"regex"&, &"malware"& or &"spam"&) ACL conditions)
-will need to be aware of the potential different format.
+will need to be aware of the different formats potentially available.
Using any of the ACL conditions noted will negate the reception benefit
(as a Unix-mbox-format file is constructed for them).
&*Note*&: If you use filenames based on IP addresses, change the list
separator in the usual way to avoid confusion under IPv6.
-&*Note*&: Under current versions of OpenSSL, when a list of more than one
+&*Note*&: Under versions of OpenSSL preceding 1.1.1,
+when a list of more than one
file is used, the &$tls_in_ourcert$& variable is unreliable.
&*Note*&: OCSP stapling is not usable under OpenSSL
This option specifies a certificate revocation list. The expanded value must
be the name of a file that contains CRLs in PEM format.
-.new
Under OpenSSL the option can specify a directory with CRL files.
&*Note:*& Under OpenSSL the option must, if given, supply a CRL
for each signing element of the certificate chain (i.e. all but the leaf).
For the file variant this can be multiple PEM blocks in the one file.
-.wen
See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
Usable for GnuTLS 3.4.4 or 3.3.17 or OpenSSL 1.1.0 (or later).
-.new
For GnuTLS 3.5.6 or later the expanded value of this option can be a list
of files, to match a list given for the &%tls_certificate%& option.
The ordering of the two lists must match.
-.wen
.option tls_on_connect_ports main "string list" unset
MX records of equal priority are sorted by Exim into a random order. Exim then
looks for address records for the host names obtained from MX or SRV records.
When a host has more than one IP address, they are sorted into a random order,
-.new
except that IPv6 addresses are sorted before IPv4 addresses. If all the
-.wen
IP addresses found are discarded by a setting of the &%ignore_target_hosts%&
generic option, the router declines.
also being queued.
-.new
.option ipv4_only "string&!!" unset
.cindex IPv6 disabling
.cindex DNS "IPv6 disabling"
or an empty string, or one of the strings “0” or “no” or “false”
(checked without regard to the case of the letters),
A records are sorted before AAAA records (inverting the default).
-.wen
.option mx_domains dnslookup "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "MX record" "required to exist"
&%bydns%&: look up address records for the hosts directly in the DNS; fail if
no address records are found. If there is a temporary DNS error (such as a
timeout), delivery is deferred.
-.new
.next
&%ipv4_only%&: in direct DNS lookups, look up only A records.
.next
&%ipv4_prefer%&: in direct DNS lookups, sort A records before AAAA records.
-.wen
.endlist
For example:
option.
-.new
.option dane_require_tls_ciphers smtp string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "requiring specific ciphers for DANE"
.cindex "cipher" "requiring specific"
counter-intuitively decreasing it.
If the option expands to be empty or is forced to fail, then it will
be treated as unset and &%tls_require_ciphers%& will be used instead.
-.wen
.option data_timeout smtp time 5m
TLS session for any host that matches this list.
&%tls_verify_certificates%& should also be set for the transport.
-.new
.option hosts_require_dane smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex DANE "transport options"
.cindex DANE "requiring for certain servers"
and that a DANE-verified TLS connection is made.
There will be no fallback to in-clear communication.
See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
-.wen
.option hosts_require_ocsp smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "requiring for certain servers"
CHUNKING support, Exim will attempt to use BDAT commands rather than DATA.
BDAT will not be used in conjunction with a transport filter.
-.new
.option hosts_try_dane smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex DANE "transport options"
.cindex DANE "attempting for certain servers"
a DANE-verified TLS connection is made to that host;
there will be no fallback to in-clear communication.
See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
-.wen
.option hosts_try_fastopen smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "fast open, TCP" "enabling, in client"
client from which the message was received. This variable is empty if there was
no successful authentication.
-.new
.cindex authentication "expansion item"
Successful authentication sets up information used by the
&$authresults$& expansion item.
-.wen
Note that the hostlist test for whether to do authentication can be
confused if name-IP lookups change between the time the peer is decided
-on and the transport running. For example, with a manualroute
-router given a host name, and DNS "round-robin" use by that name: if
+upon and the time that the transport runs. For example, with a manualroute
+router given a host name, and with DNS "round-robin" used by that name: if
the local resolver cache times out between the router and the transport
running, the transport may get an IP for the name for its authentication
check which does not match the connection peer IP.
contentious. As of RFC 8314, the common practice of using the historically
allocated port 465 for "email submission but with TLS immediately upon connect
instead of using STARTTLS" is officially blessed by the IETF, and recommended
-in preference to STARTTLS.
+by them in preference to STARTTLS.
The name originally assigned to the port was &"ssmtp"& or &"smtps"&, but as
clarity emerged over the dual roles of SMTP, for MX delivery and Email
reassigned for other use.
Thus you may encounter guidance claiming that you shouldn't enable use of
this port.
-In practice, a number of mail-clients have only supported submissions, not
-submission with STARTTLS upgrade.
+In practice, a number of mail-clients have only ever supported submissions,
+not submission with STARTTLS upgrade.
Ideally, offer both submission (587) and submissions (465) service.
Exim supports TLS-on-connect by means of the &%tls_on_connect_ports%&
-.new
.section DANE "SECDANE"
.cindex DANE
DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities, as applied to SMTP over TLS, provides assurance to a client that
DANE-TA is commonly used for several services and/or servers, each having a TLSA query-domain CNAME record,
all of which point to a single TLSA record.
+Another approach which should be seriously considered is to use DANE with a certificate
+from a public CA, because of another technology, "MTA-STS", described below.
+
The TLSA record should have a Selector field of SPKI(1) and a Matching Type field of SHA2-512(2).
At the time of writing, &url(https://www.huque.com/bin/gen_tlsa)
Section 4.3 of that document.
Under GnuTLS, DANE is only supported from version 3.0.0 onwards.
-.wen
+
+DANE is specified in published RFCs and decouples certificate authority trust
+selection from a "race to the bottom" of "you must trust everything for mail
+to get through". There is an alternative technology called MTA-STS, which
+instead publishes MX trust anchor information on an HTTPS website. At the
+time this text was last updated, MTA-STS was still a draft, not yet an RFC.
+Exim has no support for MTA-STS as a client, but Exim mail server operators
+can choose to publish information describing their TLS configuration using
+MTA-STS to let those clients who do use that protocol derive trust
+information.
+
+The MTA-STS design requires a certificate from a public Certificate Authority
+which is recognized by clients sending to you. That selection is outside your
+control.
+
+The most interoperable course of action is probably to use
+&url(https://letsencrypt.org/,Let's Encrypt), with automated certificate
+renewal; to publish the anchor information in DNSSEC-secured DNS via TLSA
+records for DANE clients (such as Exim and Postfix) and to publish anchor
+information for MTA-STS as well. This is what is done for the &'exim.org'&
+domain itself (with caveats around occasionally broken MTA-STS because of
+incompatible specification changes prior to reaching RFC status).
Note also that headers cannot be
modified by any of the post-data ACLs (DATA, MIME and DKIM).
Headers may be modified by routers (subject to the above) and transports.
-The Received-By: header is generated as soon as the body reception starts,
+The &'Received-By:'& header is generated as soon as the body reception starts,
rather than the traditional time after the full message is received;
this will affect the timestamp.
Exim's side of the malware scanner, or are given on separate lines to
the daemon as options before the main scan command.
-.new
.cindex &`pass_unscanned`& "avast"
If &`pass_unscanned`&
is set, any files the Avast scanner can't scan (e.g.
decompression bombs, or invalid archives) are considered clean. Use with
care.
-.wen
For example:
.code
.code
av_scanner = f-protd:localhost 10200-10204
.endd
-If you omit the argument, the default values show above are used.
+If you omit the argument, the default values shown above are used.
.vitem &%f-prot6d%&
.cindex "virus scanners" "f-prot6d"
failed. The delivery was discarded.
.endlist olist
.next
-.new
.cindex DKIM "log line"
&'DKIM: d='&&~&~Verbose results of a DKIM verification attempt, if enabled for
logging and the message has a DKIM signature header.
-.wen
.endlist ilist
&%delivery_size%&: For each delivery, the size of message delivered is added to
the &"=>"& line, tagged with S=.
.next
-.new
.cindex log "DKIM verification"
.cindex DKIM "verification logging"
&%dkim%&: For message acceptance log lines, when an DKIM signature in the header
.cindex log "DKIM verification"
.cindex DKIM "verification logging"
&%dkim_verbose%&: A log entry is written for each attempted DKIM verification.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "dnslist defer"
.cindex "DNS list" "logging defer"
the local host is logged as QT=<&'time'&> on &"Completed"& lines, for
example, &`QT=3m45s`&. The clock starts when Exim starts to receive the
message, so it includes reception time as well as the total delivery time.
-.new
.next
.cindex "log" "receive duration"
&%receive_time%&: For each message, the amount of real time it has taken to
perform the reception is logged as RT=<&'time'&>, for example, &`RT=1s`&.
If millisecond logging is enabled, short times will be shown with greater
precision, eg. &`RT=0.204s`&.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "recipients"
&%received_recipients%&: The recipients of a message are listed in the main log
&%tls_certificate_verified%&: An extra item is added to <= and => log lines
when TLS is in use. The item is &`CV=yes`& if the peer's certificate was
verified
-.new
using a CA trust anchor,
&`CA=dane`& if using a DNS trust anchor,
-.wen
and &`CV=no`& if not.
.next
.cindex "log" "TLS cipher"
be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address.
DKIM is documented in RFC 6376.
-.new
As DKIM relies on the message being unchanged in transit, messages handled
by a mailing-list (which traditionally adds to the message) will not match
any original DKIM signature.
-.wen
DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default if TLS support is present.
It can be disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in &_Local/Makefile_&.
default "policy". Instead it enables you to build your own policy using
Exim's standard controls.
-.new
Please note that verification of DKIM signatures in incoming mail is turned
on by default for logging (in the <= line) purposes.
c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1
i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded]
.endd
-.wen
You might want to turn off DKIM verification processing entirely for internal
or relay mail sources. To do that, set the &%dkim_disable_verify%& ACL
.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECDKIMSIGN"
.cindex "DKIM" "signing"
-.new
For signing to be usable you must have published a DKIM record in DNS.
Note that RFC 8301 says:
.code
for the former it is the base64 of the ASN.1 for the RSA public key
(equivalent to the private-key .pem with the header/trailer stripped)
but for EC keys it is the base64 of the pure key; no ASN.1 wrapping.
-.wen
Signing is enabled by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
These options take (expandable) strings as arguments.
The result can either
.ilist
be a valid RSA private key in ASCII armor (.pem file), including line breaks
-.new
.next
with GnuTLS 3.6.0 or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later,
be a valid Ed25519 private key (same format as above)
-.wen
.next
start with a slash, in which case it is treated as a file that contains
the private key
is set.
.endlist
-.new
To generate keys under OpenSSL:
.code
openssl genrsa -out dkim_rsa.private 2048
openssl pkey -outform DER -pubout -in dkim_ed25519.private | tail -c +13 | base64
certtool --load_privkey=dkim_ed25519.private --pubkey_info --outder | tail -c +13 | base64
.endd
-.wen
+
+Note that the format
+of Ed25519 keys in DNS has not yet been decided; this release supports
+both of the leading candidates at this time, a future release will
+probably drop support for whichever proposal loses.
.option dkim_hash smtp string&!! sha256
-Can be set alternatively to &"sha1"& to use an alternate hash
-method.
+Can be set to any one of the supported hash methods, which are:
+.ilist
+&`sha1`& &-- should not be used, is old and insecure
+.next
+&`sha256`& &-- the default
+.next
+&`sha512`& &-- possibly more secure but less well supported
+.endlist
-.new
Note that RFC 8301 says:
.code
rsa-sha1 MUST NOT be used for signing or verifying.
.endd
-.wen
.option dkim_identity smtp string&!! unset
If set after expansion, the value is used to set an "i=" tag in
containing the signature status and its details are set up during the
runtime of the ACL.
-.new
.cindex authentication "expansion item"
Performing verification sets up information used by the
&$authresults$& expansion item.
-.wen
Calling the ACL only for existing signatures is not sufficient to build
more advanced policies. For that reason, the global option
This might, for instance, be done to enforce a policy restriction on
hash-method or key-size:
.code
- warn condition = ${if eq {$dkim_verify_status}{pass}}
- condition = ${if eq {$len_3:$dkim_algo}{rsa}}
- condition = ${if or {eq {$dkim_algo}{rsa-sha1}} \
- {< {$dkim_key_length}{1024}} }
- logwrite = NOTE: forcing dkim verify fail (was pass)
- set dkim_verify_status = fail
- set dkim_verify_reason = hash too weak or key too short
+ warn condition = ${if eq {$dkim_verify_status}{pass}}
+ condition = ${if eq {${length_3:$dkim_algo}}{rsa}}
+ condition = ${if or {{eq {$dkim_algo}{rsa-sha1}} \
+ {< {$dkim_key_length}{1024}}}}
+ logwrite = NOTE: forcing DKIM verify fail (was pass)
+ set dkim_verify_status = fail
+ set dkim_verify_reason = hash too weak or key too short
.endd
After all the DKIM ACL runs have completed, the value becomes a
.vitem &%$dkim_algo%&
The algorithm used. One of 'rsa-sha1' or 'rsa-sha256'.
-.new
If running under GnuTLS 3.6.0 or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later,
may also be 'ed25519-sha256'.
The "_CRYPTO_SIGN_ED25519" macro will be defined if support is present
for EC keys.
-.wen
-.new
Note that RFC 8301 says:
.code
rsa-sha1 MUST NOT be used for signing or verifying.
To enforce this you must have a DKIM ACL which checks this variable
and overwrites the &$dkim_verify_status$& variable as discussed above.
-.wen
.vitem &%$dkim_canon_body%&
The body canonicalization method. One of 'relaxed' or 'simple'.
signature to be treated as "expired". When this was not specified by the
signer, "9999999999999" is returned. This makes it possible to do useful
integer size comparisons against this value.
-.new
Note that Exim does not check this value.
-.wen
.vitem &%$dkim_headernames%&
A colon-separated list of names of headers included in the signature.
.vitem &%$dkim_key_length%&
Number of bits in the key.
-.new
Note that RFC 8301 says:
.code
Verifiers MUST NOT consider signatures using RSA keys of
To enforce this you must have a DKIM ACL which checks this variable
and overwrites the &$dkim_verify_status$& variable as discussed above.
As EC keys are much smaller, the check should only do this for RSA keys.
-.wen
.endlist
-.new
.section "SPF (Sender Policy Framework)" SECSPF
.cindex SPF verification
SPF verification support is built into Exim if SUPPORT_SPF=yes is set in
&_Local/Makefile_&. The support uses the &_libspf2_& library
&url(http://www.libspf2.org/).
-There is no Exim involvement on the trasmission of messages; publishing certain
-DNS records is all that is required.
+There is no Exim involvement in the transmission of messages;
+publishing certain DNS records is all that is required.
For verification, an ACL condition and an expansion lookup are provided.
-.new
.cindex authentication "expansion item"
Performing verification sets up information used by the
&$authresults$& expansion item.
-.wen
.cindex SPF "ACL condition"
${lookup {username@domain} spf {ip.ip.ip.ip}}
.endd
-The lookup will return the same result strings as they can appear in
+The lookup will return the same result strings as can appear in
&$spf_result$& (pass,fail,softfail,neutral,none,err_perm,err_temp).
Currently, only IPv4 addresses are supported.
-. wen-for SPF section
-.wen
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.cindex utf8 "address downconversion"
.cindex i18n "utf8 address downconversion"
-.new
The RCPT ACL
-.wen
may use the following modifier:
.display
control = utf8_downconvert
git://git.exim.org / users / heiko / exim.git / blobdiff