. Update the Copyright year (only) when changing content.
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.set previousversion "4.83"
+.set previousversion "4.90"
.include ./local_params
.set ACL "access control lists (ACLs)"
.set I " "
.macro copyyear
-2014
+2018
.endmacro
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.row &_filter.txt_& "specification of the filter language"
.row &_Exim3.upgrade_& "upgrade notes from release 2 to release 3"
.row &_Exim4.upgrade_& "upgrade notes from release 3 to release 4"
+.row &_openssl.txt_& "installing a current OpenSSL release"
.endtable
The main specification and the specification of the filtering language are also
examples, tips, and know-how that have been contributed by Exim users.
.cindex Bugzilla
-An Exim Bugzilla exists at &url(http://bugs.exim.org). You can use
+An Exim Bugzilla exists at &url(https://bugs.exim.org). You can use
this to report bugs, and also to add items to the wish list. Please search
first to check that you are not duplicating a previous entry.
Please ask Debian-specific questions on this list and not on the general Exim
lists.
-.section "Exim training" "SECID4"
-.cindex "training courses"
-Training courses in Cambridge (UK) used to be run annually by the author of
-Exim, before he retired. At the time of writing, there are no plans to run
-further Exim courses in Cambridge. However, if that changes, relevant
-information will be posted at &url(http://www-tus.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/exim/).
-
.section "Bug reports" "SECID5"
.cindex "bug reports"
.cindex "reporting bugs"
Reports of obvious bugs can be emailed to &'bugs@exim.org'& or reported
-via the Bugzilla (&url(http://bugs.exim.org)). However, if you are unsure
+via the Bugzilla (&url(https://bugs.exim.org)). However, if you are unsure
whether some behaviour is a bug or not, the best thing to do is to post a
message to the &'exim-dev'& mailing list and have it discussed.
.cindex "distribution" "ftp site"
The master ftp site for the Exim distribution is
.display
-&*ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/email/exim*&
-.endd
-This is mirrored by
-.display
&*ftp://ftp.exim.org/pub/exim*&
.endd
The file references that follow are relative to the &_exim_& directories at
waiting for it by the time it recovers, and sending them in a single SMTP
connection is clearly beneficial. Whenever a delivery to a remote host is
deferred,
-.cindex "hints database"
+.cindex "hints database" "deferred deliveries"
Exim makes a note in its hints database, and whenever a successful
SMTP delivery has happened, it looks to see if any other messages are waiting
for the same host. If any are found, they are sent over the same SMTP
the actual building takes place. In most cases, Exim can discover the machine
architecture and operating system for itself, but the defaults can be
overridden if necessary.
+.cindex compiler requirements
+.cindex compiler version
+A C99-capable compiler will be required for the build.
.section "PCRE library" "SECTpcre"
in the ASCII character set, and to label them as being in a particular
character set. When Exim is inspecting header lines by means of the &%$h_%&
mechanism, it decodes them, and translates them into a specified character set
-(default ISO-8859-1). The translation is possible only if the operating system
+(default is set at build time). The translation is possible only if the operating system
supports the &[iconv()]& function.
However, some of the operating systems that supply &[iconv()]& do not support
defined. AAAA records (analogous to A records for IPv4) are in use, and are
currently seen as the mainstream. Another record type called A6 was proposed
as better than AAAA because it had more flexibility. However, it was felt to be
-over-complex, and its status was reduced to &"experimental"&. It is not known
-if anyone is actually using A6 records. Exim has support for A6 records, but
-this is included only if you set &`SUPPORT_A6=YES`& in &_Local/Makefile_&. The
-support has not been tested for some time.
+over-complex, and its status was reduced to &"experimental"&.
+Exim used to
+have a compile option for including A6 record support but this has now been
+withdrawn.
.cindex "symbolic link" "to source files"
Symbolic links to relevant source files are installed in the build directory.
-&*Warning*&: The &%-j%& (parallel) flag must not be used with &'make'&; the
-building process fails if it is set.
-
If this is the first time &'make'& has been run, it calls a script that builds
a make file inside the build directory, using the configuration files from the
&_Local_& directory. The new make file is then passed to another instance of
.cindex "&'From:'& header line"
.cindex "&'Sender:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "From:"
+.cindex "header lines" "Sender:"
For a trusted user, there is never any check on the contents of the &'From:'&
header line, and a &'Sender:'& line is never added. Furthermore, any existing
&'Sender:'& line in incoming local (non-TCP/IP) messages is not removed.
continuation lines is ignored. Each argument or data line is passed through the
string expansion mechanism, and the result is output. Variable values from the
configuration file (for example, &$qualify_domain$&) are available, but no
-message-specific values (such as &$sender_domain$&) are set, because no message
+message-specific values (such as &$message_exim_id$&) are set, because no message
is being processed (but see &%-bem%& and &%-Mset%&).
&*Note*&: If you use this mechanism to test lookups, and you change the data
the same lookup again. Otherwise, because each Exim process caches the results
of lookups, you will just get the same result as before.
+Macro processing is done on lines before string-expansion: new macros can be
+defined and macros will be expanded.
+Because macros in the config file are often used for secrets, those are only
+available to admin users.
+
.vitem &%-bem%&&~<&'filename'&>
.oindex "&%-bem%&"
.cindex "testing" "string expansion"
.oindex "&%-bmalware%&"
.cindex "testing", "malware"
.cindex "malware scan test"
-This debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file,
+This debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file or directory
+(depending on the used scanner interface),
using the malware scanning framework. The option of &%av_scanner%& influences
this option, so if &%av_scanner%&'s value is dependent upon an expansion then
the expansion should have defaults which apply to this invocation. ACLs are
.code
mysql_servers = <value not displayable>
.endd
-If &%configure_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time
-configuration file is output.
+If &%config%& is given as an argument, the config is
+output, as it was parsed, any include file resolved, any comment removed.
+
+If &%config_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time
+configuration file is output. (&%configure_file%& works too, for
+backward compatibility.)
If a list of configuration files was supplied, the value that is output here
is the name of the file that was actually used.
settings can be obtained by using &%routers%&, &%transports%&, or
&%authenticators%&.
+.cindex "environment"
+If &%environment%& is given as an argument, the set of environment
+variables is output, line by line. Using the &%-n%& flag suppresses the value of the
+variables.
+
.cindex "options" "macro &-- extracting"
If invoked by an admin user, then &%macro%&, &%macro_list%& and &%macros%&
are available, similarly to the drivers. Because macros are sometimes used
for storing passwords, this option is restricted.
The output format is one item per line.
+.new
+For the "-bP macro <name>" form, if no such macro is found
+the exit status will be nonzero.
+.wen
.vitem &%-bp%&
.oindex "&%-bp%&"
exim '-D ABC = something' ...
.endd
&%-D%& may be repeated up to 10 times on a command line.
+Only macro names up to 22 letters long can be set.
.vitem &%-d%&<&'debug&~options'&>
by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the
connection to the remote host has been authenticated.
+.vitem &%-MCD%&
+.oindex "&%-MCD%&"
+This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the
+remote host supports the ESMTP &_DSN_& extension.
+
+.vitem &%-MCG%&&~<&'queue&~name'&>
+.oindex "&%-MCG%&"
+This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an
+alternate queue is used, named by the following argument.
+
+.vitem &%-MCK%&
+.oindex "&%-MCK%&"
+This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an
+remote host supports the ESMTP &_CHUNKING_& extension.
+
.vitem &%-MCP%&
.oindex "&%-MCP%&"
This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option, and passes on the fact that the
host to which Exim is connected supports TLS encryption.
+.vitem &%-MCt%&&~<&'IP&~address'&>&~<&'port'&>&~<&'cipher'&>
+.oindex "&%-MCt%&"
+This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option, and passes on the fact that the
+connection is being proxied by a parent process for handling TLS encryption.
+The arguments give the local address and port being proxied, and the TLS cipher.
+
.vitem &%-Mc%&&~<&'message&~id'&>&~<&'message&~id'&>&~...
.oindex "&%-Mc%&"
.cindex "hints database" "not overridden by &%-Mc%&"
.oindex "&%-n%&"
This option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean &"no aliasing"&.
For normal modes of operation, it is ignored by Exim.
-When combined with &%-bP%& it suppresses the name of an option from being output.
+When combined with &%-bP%& it makes the output more terse (suppresses
+option names, environment values and config pretty printing).
.vitem &%-O%&&~<&'data'&>
.oindex "&%-O%&"
SMTP protocol names (see the description of &$received_protocol$& in section
&<<SECTexpvar>>&). For &%-bs%&, the protocol is always &"local-"& followed by
one of those same names. For &%-bS%& (batched SMTP) however, the protocol can
-be set by &%-oMr%&.
+be set by &%-oMr%&. Repeated use of this option is not supported.
.vitem &%-oMs%&&~<&'host&~name'&>
.oindex "&%-oMs%&"
Note the Exim already has two private options, &%-pd%& and &%-ps%&, that refer
to embedded Perl. It is therefore impossible to set a protocol value of &`d`&
or &`s`& using this option (but that does not seem a real limitation).
+Repeated use of this option is not supported.
.vitem &%-q%&
.oindex "&%-q%&"
and &%-S%& options).
.cindex "queue runner" "description of operation"
-The &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of
+If other commandline options do not specify an action,
+the &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of
waiting messages, and runs a delivery process for each one in turn. It waits
for each delivery process to finish before starting the next one. A delivery
process may not actually do any deliveries if the retry times for the addresses
be done. If a message requires any remote deliveries, it remains on the queue
for later delivery.
-.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&>
+.vitem &%-q[q][i][f[f]][l][G<name>[/<time>]]]%&
+.oindex "&%-qG%&"
+.cindex queue named
+.cindex "named queues"
.cindex "queue" "delivering specific messages"
+If the &'G'& flag and a name is present, the queue runner operates on the
+queue with the given name rather than the default queue.
+The name should not contain a &'/'& character.
+For a periodic queue run (see below)
+append to the name a slash and a time value.
+
+If other commandline options specify an action, a &'-qG<name>'& option
+will specify a queue to operate on.
+For example:
+.code
+exim -bp -qGquarantine
+mailq -qGquarantine
+exim -qGoffpeak -Rf @special.domain.example
+.endd
+
+.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&>
When scanning the queue, Exim can be made to skip over messages whose ids are
lexically less than a given value by following the &%-q%& option with a
starting message id. For example:
.oindex "&%-X%&"
This option is interpreted by Sendmail to cause debug information to be sent
to the named file. It is ignored by Exim.
+
+.vitem &%-z%&&~<&'log-line'&>
+.oindex "&%-z%&"
+This option writes its argument to Exim's logfile.
+Use is restricted to administrators; the intent is for operational notes.
+Quotes should be used to maintain a multi-word item as a single argument,
+under most shells.
.endlist
.ecindex IIDclo1
Exim's configuration file is divided into a number of different parts. General
option settings must always appear at the start of the file. The other parts
are all optional, and may appear in any order. Each part other than the first
-is introduced by the word &"begin"& followed by the name of the part. The
-optional parts are:
+is introduced by the word &"begin"& followed by at least one literal
+space, and the name of the part. The optional parts are:
.ilist
&'ACL'&: Access control lists for controlling incoming SMTP mail (see chapter
.endd
on a line by itself. Double quotes round the file name are optional. If you use
the first form, a configuration error occurs if the file does not exist; the
-second form does nothing for non-existent files. In all cases, an absolute file
+second form does nothing for non-existent files.
+The first form allows a relative name. It is resolved relative to
+the directory of the including file. For the second form an absolute file
name is required.
Includes may be nested to any depth, but remember that Exim reads its
section &<<SECTnamedlists>>&.
+.section "Builtin macros" "SECTbuiltinmacros"
+Exim defines some macros depending on facilities available, which may
+differ due to build-time definitions and from one release to another.
+All of these macros start with an underscore.
+They can be used to conditionally include parts of a configuration
+(see below).
+
+The following classes of macros are defined:
+.display
+&` _HAVE_* `& build-time defines
+&` _DRIVER_ROUTER_* `& router drivers
+&` _DRIVER_TRANSPORT_* `& transport drivers
+&` _DRIVER_AUTHENTICATOR_* `& authenticator drivers
+&` _OPT_MAIN_* `& main config options
+&` _OPT_ROUTERS_* `& generic router options
+&` _OPT_TRANSPORTS_* `& generic transport options
+&` _OPT_AUTHENTICATORS_* `& generic authenticator options
+&` _OPT_ROUTER_*_* `& private router options
+&` _OPT_TRANSPORT_*_* `& private transport options
+&` _OPT_AUTHENTICATOR_*_* `& private authenticator options
+.endd
+
+Use an &"exim -bP macros"& command to get the list of macros.
+
+
.section "Conditional skips in the configuration file" "SECID46"
.cindex "configuration file" "conditional skips"
.cindex "&`.ifdef`&"
message_size_limit = 100M
.endif
.endd
-sets a message size limit of 50M if the macro &`AAA`& is defined, and 100M
+sets a message size limit of 50M if the macro &`AAA`& is defined
+(or &`A`& or &`AA`&), and 100M
otherwise. If there is more than one macro named on the line, the condition
is true if any of them are defined. That is, it is an &"or"& condition. To
obtain an &"and"& condition, you need to use nested &`.ifdef`&s.
hexadecimal number.
If an integer value is followed by the letter K, it is multiplied by 1024; if
-it is followed by the letter M, it is multiplied by 1024x1024. When the values
+it is followed by the letter M, it is multiplied by 1024x1024;
+if by the letter G, 1024x1024x1024.
+When the values
of integer option settings are output, values which are an exact multiple of
1024 or 1024x1024 are sometimes, but not always, printed using the letters K
and M. The printing style is independent of the actual input format that was
colon in the example above is necessary. If it were not there, the list would
be interpreted as the two items 127.0.0.1:: and 1.
-.section "Changing list separators" "SECID53"
+.section "Changing list separators" "SECTlistsepchange"
.cindex "list separator" "changing"
.cindex "IPv6" "addresses in lists"
Doubling colons in IPv6 addresses is an unwelcome chore, so a mechanism was
.cindex "port" "465 and 587"
.cindex "port" "for message submission"
.cindex "message" "submission, ports for"
-.cindex "ssmtp protocol"
+.cindex "submissions protocol"
.cindex "smtps protocol"
+.cindex "ssmtp protocol"
+.cindex "SMTP" "submissions protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "ssmtp protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "smtps protocol"
These options provide better support for roaming users who wish to use this
server for message submission. They are not much use unless you have turned on
TLS (as described in the previous paragraph) and authentication (about which
-more in section &<<SECTdefconfauth>>&). The usual SMTP port 25 is often blocked
-on end-user networks, so RFC 4409 specifies that message submission should use
-port 587 instead. However some software (notably Microsoft Outlook) cannot be
-configured to use port 587 correctly, so these settings also enable the
-non-standard &"smtps"& (aka &"ssmtp"&) port 465 (see section
-&<<SECTsupobssmt>>&).
+more in section &<<SECTdefconfauth>>&).
+Mail submission from mail clients (MUAs) should be separate from inbound mail
+to your domain (MX delivery) for various good reasons (eg, ability to impose
+much saner TLS protocol and ciphersuite requirements without unintended
+consequences).
+RFC 6409 (previously 4409) specifies use of port 587 for SMTP Submission,
+which uses STARTTLS, so this is the &"submission"& port.
+RFC 8314 specifies use of port 465 as the &"submissions"& protocol,
+which should be used in preference to 587.
+You should also consider deploying SRV records to help clients find
+these ports.
+Older names for &"submissions"& are &"smtps"& and &"ssmtp"&.
Two more commented-out options settings follow:
.code
If you have hosts for which you trust RFC1413 and need this
information, you can change this.
-This line enables an efficiency SMTP option. It is negociated by clients
+This line enables an efficiency SMTP option. It is negotiated by clients
and not expected to cause problems but can be disabled if needed.
.code
prdr_enable = true
show how you can specify hosts that are permitted to send unqualified sender
and recipient addresses, respectively.
+The &%log_selector%& option is used to increase the detail of logging
+over the default:
+.code
+log_selector = +smtp_protocol_error +smtp_syntax_error \
+ +tls_certificate_verified
+.endd
+
The &%percent_hack_domains%& option is also commented out:
.code
# percent_hack_domains =
This is an almost obsolete form of explicit email routing. If you do not know
anything about it, you can safely ignore this topic.
-The last two settings in the main part of the default configuration are
+The next two settings in the main part of the default configuration are
concerned with messages that have been &"frozen"& on Exim's queue. When a
message is frozen, Exim no longer continues to try to deliver it. Freezing
occurs when a bounce message encounters a permanent failure because the sender
after a week. In this configuration, the first setting ensures that no failing
bounce message ever lasts a week.
+Exim queues it's messages in a spool directory. If you expect to have
+large queues, you may consider using this option. It splits the spool
+directory into subdirectories to avoid file system degradation from
+many files in a single directory, resulting in better performance.
+Manual manipulation of queued messages becomes more complex (though fortunately
+not often needed).
+.code
+# split_spool_directory = true
+.endd
+
+In an ideal world everybody follows the standards. For non-ASCII
+messages RFC 2047 is a standard, allowing a maximum line length of 76
+characters. Exim adheres that standard and won't process messages which
+violate this standard. (Even ${rfc2047:...} expansions will fail.)
+In particular, the Exim maintainers have had multiple reports of
+problems from Russian administrators of issues until they disable this
+check, because of some popular, yet buggy, mail composition software.
+.code
+# check_rfc2047_length = false
+.endd
+
+If you need to be strictly RFC compliant you may wish to disable the
+8BITMIME advertisement. Use this, if you exchange mails with systems
+that are not 8-bit clean.
+.code
+# accept_8bitmime = false
+.endd
+
+Libraries you use may depend on specific environment settings. This
+imposes a security risk (e.g. PATH). There are two lists:
+&%keep_environment%& for the variables to import as they are, and
+&%add_environment%& for variables we want to set to a fixed value.
+Note that TZ is handled separately, by the $%timezone%$ runtime
+option and by the TIMEZONE_DEFAULT buildtime option.
+.code
+# keep_environment = ^LDAP
+# add_environment = PATH=/usr/bin::/bin
+.endd
.section "ACL configuration" "SECID54"
.endd
This transport is used for handling deliveries to pipes that are generated by
redirection (aliasing or users' &_.forward_& files). The &%return_output%&
-option specifies that any output generated by the pipe is to be returned to the
-sender.
+option specifies that any output on stdout or stderr generated by the pipe is to
+be returned to the sender.
.code
address_file:
driver = appendfile
This causes any temporarily failing address to be retried every 15 minutes for
2 hours, then at intervals starting at one hour and increasing by a factor of
1.5 until 16 hours have passed, then every 6 hours up to 4 days. If an address
-is not delivered after 4 days of temporary failure, it is bounced.
+is not delivered after 4 days of temporary failure, it is bounced. The time is
+measured from first failure, not from the time the message was received.
If the retry section is removed from the configuration, or is empty (that is,
if no retry rules are defined), Exim will not retry deliveries. This turns
Exim supports the use of regular expressions in many of its options. It
uses the PCRE regular expression library; this provides regular expression
matching that is compatible with Perl 5. The syntax and semantics of
-regular expressions is discussed in many Perl reference books, and also in
+regular expressions is discussed in
+online Perl manpages, in
+many Perl reference books, and also in
Jeffrey Friedl's &'Mastering Regular Expressions'&, which is published by
O'Reilly (see &url(http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex2/)).
lookup. Lookups of this type are conditional expansion items. Different results
can be defined for the cases of lookup success and failure. See chapter
&<<CHAPexpand>>&, where string expansions are described in detail.
+The key for the lookup is specified as part of the string expansion.
.next
Lists of domains, hosts, and email addresses can contain lookup requests as a
way of avoiding excessively long linear lists. In this case, the data that is
returned by the lookup is often (but not always) discarded; whether the lookup
succeeds or fails is what really counts. These kinds of list are described in
chapter &<<CHAPdomhosaddlists>>&.
+The key for the lookup is given by the context in which the list is expanded.
.endlist
String expansions, lists, and lookups interact with each other in such a way
.endlist ilist
-.section "Query-style lookup types" "SECID62"
+.section "Query-style lookup types" "SECTquerystylelookups"
.cindex "lookup" "query-style types"
.cindex "query-style lookup" "list of types"
The supported query-style lookup types are listed below. Further details about
&(pgsql)&: The format of the query is an SQL statement that is passed to a
PostgreSQL database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+.next
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+&(redis)&: The format of the query is either a simple get or simple set,
+passed to a Redis database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+
.next
.cindex "sqlite lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "sqlite"
&`fail`& keyword causes a &'forced expansion failure'& &-- see section
&<<SECTforexpfai>>& for an explanation of what this means.
-The supported DNS record types are A, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SPF, SRV, TLSA and TXT,
-and, when Exim is compiled with IPv6 support, AAAA (and A6 if that is also
-configured). If no type is given, TXT is assumed. When the type is PTR,
+The supported DNS record types are A, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SOA, SPF, SRV, TLSA
+and TXT, and, when Exim is compiled with IPv6 support, AAAA.
+If no type is given, TXT is assumed.
+
+For any record type, if multiple records are found, the data is returned as a
+concatenation, with newline as the default separator. The order, of course,
+depends on the DNS resolver. You can specify a different separator character
+between multiple records by putting a right angle-bracket followed immediately
+by the new separator at the start of the query. For example:
+.code
+${lookup dnsdb{>: a=host1.example}}
+.endd
+It is permitted to specify a space as the separator character. Further
+white space is ignored.
+For lookup types that return multiple fields per record,
+an alternate field separator can be specified using a comma after the main
+separator character, followed immediately by the field separator.
+
+.cindex "PTR record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
+When the type is PTR,
the data can be an IP address, written as normal; inversion and the addition of
&%in-addr.arpa%& or &%ip6.arpa%& happens automatically. For example:
.code
For an MX lookup, both the preference value and the host name are returned for
each record, separated by a space. For an SRV lookup, the priority, weight,
port, and host name are returned for each record, separated by spaces.
-
-For any record type, if multiple records are found (or, for A6 lookups, if a
-single record leads to multiple addresses), the data is returned as a
-concatenation, with newline as the default separator. The order, of course,
-depends on the DNS resolver. You can specify a different separator character
-between multiple records by putting a right angle-bracket followed immediately
-by the new separator at the start of the query. For example:
-.code
-${lookup dnsdb{>: a=host1.example}}
-.endd
-It is permitted to specify a space as the separator character. Further
-white space is ignored.
+The field separator can be modified as above.
.cindex "TXT record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
.cindex "SPF record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
For TXT records with multiple items of data, only the first item is returned,
-unless a separator for them is specified using a comma after the separator
-character followed immediately by the TXT record item separator. To concatenate
-items without a separator, use a semicolon instead. For SPF records the
+unless a field separator is specified.
+To concatenate items without a separator, use a semicolon instead.
+For SPF records the
default behaviour is to concatenate multiple items without using a separator.
.code
${lookup dnsdb{>\n,: txt=a.b.example}}
It is permitted to specify a space as the separator character. Further
white space is ignored.
+.cindex "SOA record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
+For an SOA lookup, while no result is obtained the lookup is redone with
+successively more leading components dropped from the given domain.
+Only the primary-nameserver field is returned unless a field separator is
+specified.
+.code
+${lookup dnsdb{>:,; soa=a.b.example.com}}
+.endd
+
+.section "Dnsdb lookup modifiers" "SECTdnsdb_mod"
+.cindex "dnsdb modifiers"
+.cindex "modifiers" "dnsdb"
+.cindex "options" "dnsdb"
+Modifiers for &(dnsdb)& lookups are given by optional keywords,
+each followed by a comma,
+that may appear before the record type.
+
+The &(dnsdb)& lookup fails only if all the DNS lookups fail. If there is a
+temporary DNS error for any of them, the behaviour is controlled by
+a defer-option modifier.
+The possible keywords are
+&"defer_strict"&, &"defer_never"&, and &"defer_lax"&.
+With &"strict"& behaviour, any temporary DNS error causes the
+whole lookup to defer. With &"never"& behaviour, a temporary DNS error is
+ignored, and the behaviour is as if the DNS lookup failed to find anything.
+With &"lax"& behaviour, all the queries are attempted, but a temporary DNS
+error causes the whole lookup to defer only if none of the other lookups
+succeed. The default is &"lax"&, so the following lookups are equivalent:
+.code
+${lookup dnsdb{defer_lax,a=one.host.com:two.host.com}}
+${lookup dnsdb{a=one.host.com:two.host.com}}
+.endd
+Thus, in the default case, as long as at least one of the DNS lookups
+yields some data, the lookup succeeds.
+
+.cindex "DNSSEC" "dns lookup"
+Use of &(DNSSEC)& is controlled by a dnssec modifier.
+The possible keywords are
+&"dnssec_strict"&, &"dnssec_lax"&, and &"dnssec_never"&.
+With &"strict"& or &"lax"& DNSSEC information is requested
+with the lookup.
+With &"strict"& a response from the DNS resolver that
+is not labelled as authenticated data
+is treated as equivalent to a temporary DNS error.
+The default is &"never"&.
+
+See also the &$lookup_dnssec_authenticated$& variable.
+
+.cindex timeout "dns lookup"
+.cindex "DNS" timeout
+Timeout for the dnsdb lookup can be controlled by a retrans modifier.
+The form is &"retrans_VAL"& where VAL is an Exim time specification
+(e.g. &"5s"&).
+The default value is set by the main configuration option &%dns_retrans%&.
+
+Retries for the dnsdb lookup can be controlled by a retry modifier.
+The form if &"retry_VAL"& where VAL is an integer.
+The default count is set by the main configuration option &%dns_retry%&.
+
+.cindex caching "of dns lookup"
+.cindex TTL "of dns lookup"
+.cindex DNS TTL
+Dnsdb lookup results are cached within a single process (and its children).
+The cache entry lifetime is limited to the smallest time-to-live (TTL)
+value of the set of returned DNS records.
+
+
.section "Pseudo dnsdb record types" "SECID66"
.cindex "MX record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
By default, both the preference value and the host name are returned for
authorization required but absent, or &"?"& for unknown.
.cindex "A+" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
-The pseudo-type A+ performs an A6 lookup (if configured) followed by an AAAA
+The pseudo-type A+ performs an AAAA
and then an A lookup. All results are returned; defer processing
(see below) is handled separately for each lookup. Example:
.code
in the same way that multiple DNS records for a single item are handled. A
different separator can be specified, as described above.
-Modifiers for &(dnsdb)& lookups are givien by optional keywords,
-each followed by a comma,
-that may appear before the record type.
-
-The &(dnsdb)& lookup fails only if all the DNS lookups fail. If there is a
-temporary DNS error for any of them, the behaviour is controlled by
-a defer-option modifier.
-The possible keywords are
-&"defer_strict"&, &"defer_never"&, and &"defer_lax"&.
-With &"strict"& behaviour, any temporary DNS error causes the
-whole lookup to defer. With &"never"& behaviour, a temporary DNS error is
-ignored, and the behaviour is as if the DNS lookup failed to find anything.
-With &"lax"& behaviour, all the queries are attempted, but a temporary DNS
-error causes the whole lookup to defer only if none of the other lookups
-succeed. The default is &"lax"&, so the following lookups are equivalent:
-.code
-${lookup dnsdb{defer_lax,a=one.host.com:two.host.com}}
-${lookup dnsdb{a=one.host.com:two.host.com}}
-.endd
-Thus, in the default case, as long as at least one of the DNS lookups
-yields some data, the lookup succeeds.
-
-.cindex "DNSSEC" "dns lookup"
-Use of &(DNSSEC)& is controlled by a dnssec modifier.
-The possible keywords are
-&"dnssec_strict"&, &"dnssec_lax"&, and &"dnssec_never"&.
-With &"strict"& or &"lax"& DNSSEC information is requested
-with the lookup.
-With &"strict"& a response from the DNS resolver that
-is not labelled as authenticated data
-is treated as equivalent to a temporary DNS error.
-The default is &"never"&.
-
-See also the &$lookup_dnssec_authenticated$& variable.
-
must be &"follow"& (the default) or &"nofollow"&. The latter stops the LDAP
library from trying to follow referrals issued by the LDAP server.
+.cindex LDAP timeout
+.cindex timeout "LDAP lookup"
The name CONNECT is an obsolete name for NETTIME, retained for
backwards compatibility. This timeout (specified as a number of seconds) is
enforced from the client end for operations that can be carried out over a
set a server-side limit on the time taken to complete a search.
The SERVERS parameter allows you to specify an alternate list of ldap servers
-to use for an individual lookup. The global ldap_servers option provides a
+to use for an individual lookup. The global &%ldap_default_servers%& option provides a
default list of ldap servers, and a single lookup can specify a single ldap
server to use. But when you need to do a lookup with a list of servers that is
different than the default list (maybe different order, maybe a completely
The &(ldapdn)& lookup type returns the Distinguished Name from a single entry
as a sequence of values, for example
.code
-cn=manager, o=University of Cambridge, c=UK
+cn=manager,o=University of Cambridge,c=UK
.endd
The &(ldap)& lookup type generates an error if more than one entry matches the
search filter, whereas &(ldapm)& permits this case, and inserts a newline in
In the common case where you specify a single attribute in your LDAP query, the
result is not quoted, and does not contain the attribute name. If the attribute
-has multiple values, they are separated by commas.
+has multiple values, they are separated by commas. Any comma that is
+part of an attribute's value is doubled.
If you specify multiple attributes, the result contains space-separated, quoted
strings, each preceded by the attribute name and an equals sign. Within the
quotes, the quote character, backslash, and newline are escaped with
backslashes, and commas are used to separate multiple values for the attribute.
+Any commas in attribute values are doubled
+(permitting treatment of the values as a comma-separated list).
Apart from the escaping, the string within quotes takes the same form as the
output when a single attribute is requested. Specifying no attributes is the
same as specifying all of an entry's attributes.
Here are some examples of the output format. The first line of each pair is an
LDAP query, and the second is the data that is returned. The attribute called
-&%attr1%& has two values, whereas &%attr2%& has only one value:
+&%attr1%& has two values, one of them with an embedded comma, whereas
+&%attr2%& has only one value. Both attributes are derived from &%attr%&
+(they have SUP &%attr%& in their schema definitions).
+
.code
ldap:///o=base?attr1?sub?(uid=fred)
-value1.1, value1.2
+value1.1,value1,,2
ldap:///o=base?attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
value two
+ldap:///o=base?attr?sub?(uid=fred)
+value1.1,value1,,2,value two
+
ldap:///o=base?attr1,attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
-attr1="value1.1, value1.2" attr2="value two"
+attr1="value1.1,value1,,2" attr2="value two"
ldap:///o=base??sub?(uid=fred)
-objectClass="top" attr1="value1.1, value1.2" attr2="value two"
+objectClass="top" attr1="value1.1,value1,,2" attr2="value two"
.endd
-The &%extract%& operator in string expansions can be used to pick out
-individual fields from data that consists of &'key'&=&'value'& pairs. You can
+You can
make use of Exim's &%-be%& option to run expansion tests and thereby check the
results of LDAP lookups.
+The &%extract%& operator in string expansions can be used to pick out
+individual fields from data that consists of &'key'&=&'value'& pairs.
+The &%listextract%& operator should be used to pick out individual values
+of attributes, even when only a single value is expected.
+The doubling of embedded commas allows you to use the returned data as a
+comma separated list (using the "<," syntax for changing the input list separator).
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Redis,
+and SQLite
databases. Queries for these databases contain SQL statements, so an example
might be
.code
with a newline between the data for each row.
-.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and InterBase" "SECID72"
+.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase, and Redis" "SECID72"
.cindex "MySQL" "lookup type"
.cindex "PostgreSQL lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "MySQL"
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, or InterBase lookups are used, the
-&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, or &%ibase_servers%&
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase or Redis lookups are used, the
+&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, &%ibase_servers%&,
+or &%redis_servers%&
option (as appropriate) must be set to a colon-separated list of server
information.
-(For MySQL and PostgreSQL only, the global option need not be set if all
+(For MySQL and PostgreSQL, the global option need not be set if all
queries contain their own server information &-- see section
-&<<SECTspeserque>>&.) Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
+&<<SECTspeserque>>&.)
+For all but Redis
+each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
items: host name, database name, user name, and password. In the case of
Oracle, the host name field is used for the &"service name"&, and the database
name field is not used and should be empty. For example:
found, but that is still a successful query. In other words, the list of
servers provides a backup facility, not a list of different places to look.
+For Redis the global option need not be specified if all queries contain their
+own server information &-- see section &<<SECTspeserque>>&.
+If specified, the option must be set to a colon-separated list of server
+information.
+Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of three items:
+host, database number, and password.
+.olist
+The host is required and may be either an IPv4 address and optional
+port number (separated by a colon, which needs doubling due to the
+higher-level list), or a Unix socket pathname enclosed in parentheses
+.next
+The database number is optional; if present that number is selected in the backend
+.next
+The password is optional; if present it is used to authenticate to the backend
+.endlist
+
The &%quote_mysql%&, &%quote_pgsql%&, and &%quote_oracle%& expansion operators
convert newline, tab, carriage return, and backspace to \n, \t, \r, and \b
respectively, and the characters single-quote, double-quote, and backslash
-itself are escaped with backslashes. The &%quote_pgsql%& expansion operator, in
-addition, escapes the percent and underscore characters. This cannot be done
-for MySQL because these escapes are not recognized in contexts where these
-characters are not special.
+itself are escaped with backslashes.
+
+The &%quote_redis%& expansion operator
+escapes whitespace and backslash characters with a backslash.
.section "Specifying the server in the query" "SECTspeserque"
-For MySQL and PostgreSQL lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
+For MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
it is possible to specify a list of servers with an individual query. This is
done by starting the query with
.display
.section "Special MySQL features" "SECID73"
For MySQL, an empty host name or the use of &"localhost"& in &%mysql_servers%&
causes a connection to the server on the local host by means of a Unix domain
-socket. An alternate socket can be specified in parentheses. The full syntax of
-each item in &%mysql_servers%& is:
+socket. An alternate socket can be specified in parentheses.
+An option group name for MySQL option files can be specified in square brackets;
+the default value is &"exim"&.
+The full syntax of each item in &%mysql_servers%& is:
.display
-<&'hostname'&>::<&'port'&>(<&'socket name'&>)/<&'database'&>/&&&
- <&'user'&>/<&'password'&>
+<&'hostname'&>::<&'port'&>(<&'socket name'&>)[<&'option group'&>]/&&&
+ <&'database'&>/<&'user'&>/<&'password'&>
.endd
-Any of the three sub-parts of the first field can be omitted. For normal use on
+Any of the four sub-parts of the first field can be omitted. For normal use on
the local host it can be left blank or set to just &"localhost"&.
No database need be supplied &-- but if it is absent here, it must be given in
The only character affected by the &%quote_sqlite%& operator is a single
quote, which it doubles.
+.cindex timeout SQLite
+.cindex sqlite "lookup timeout"
The SQLite library handles multiple simultaneous accesses to the database
internally. Multiple readers are permitted, but only one process can
update at once. Attempts to access the database while it is being updated
waits for the lock to be released. In Exim, the default timeout is set
to 5 seconds, but it can be changed by means of the &%sqlite_lock_timeout%&
option.
+
+.section "More about Redis" "SECTredis"
+.cindex "lookup" "Redis"
+.cindex "redis lookup type"
+Redis is a non-SQL database. Commands are simple get and set.
+Examples:
+.code
+${lookup redis{set keyname ${quote_redis:objvalue plus}}}
+${lookup redis{get keyname}}
+.endd
+
+.new
+As of release 4.91, "lightweight" support for Redis Cluster is available.
+Requires &%redis_servers%& list to contain all the servers in the cluster, all
+of which must be reachable from the running exim instance. If the cluster has
+master/slave replication, the list must contain all the master and slave
+servers.
+
+When the Redis Cluster returns a "MOVED" response to a query, exim does not
+immediately follow the redirection but treats the response as a DEFER, moving on
+to the next server in the &%redis_servers%& list until the correct server is
+reached.
+.wen
+
.ecindex IIDfidalo1
.ecindex IIDfidalo2
different types of pattern for each case are described, but first we cover some
general facilities that apply to all four kinds of list.
+Note that other parts of Exim use a &'string list'& which does not
+support all the complexity available in
+domain, host, address and local part lists.
+
-.section "Expansion of lists" "SECID75"
+.section "Expansion of lists" "SECTlistexpand"
.cindex "expansion" "of lists"
-Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used. The result of
+Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used.
+
+&'Exception: the router headers_remove option, where list-item
+splitting is done before string-expansion.'&
+
+The result of
expansion must be a list, possibly containing empty items, which is split up
into separate items for matching. By default, colon is the separator character,
but this can be varied if necessary. See sections &<<SECTlistconstruct>>& and
.cindex "&`+ignore_defer`&"
A temporary DNS lookup failure normally causes a defer action (except when
&%dns_again_means_nonexist%& converts it into a permanent error). However,
-host lists can include &`+ignore_defer`& and &`+include_defer`&, analagous to
+host lists can include &`+ignore_defer`& and &`+include_defer`&, analogous to
&`+ignore_unknown`& and &`+include_unknown`&, as described in the previous
section. These options should be used with care, probably only in non-critical
host lists such as whitelists.
If the ACL returns defer the result is a forced-fail. Otherwise the expansion fails.
+.new
+.vitem "&*${authresults{*&<&'authserv-id'&>&*}}*&"
+.cindex authentication "results header"
+.cindex headers "authentication-results:"
+.cindex authentication "expansion item"
+This item returns a string suitable for insertion as an
+&'Authentication-Results"'&
+header line.
+The given <&'authserv-id'&> is included in the result; typically this
+will ba a domain name identifying the system performing the authentications.
+Methods that may be present in the result include:
+.code
+none
+iprev
+auth
+spf
+dkim
+.endd
+
+Example use (as an ACL modifier):
+.code
+ add_header = :at_start:${authresults {$primary_hostname}}
+.endd
+This is safe even if no authentication reselts are available.
+.wen
+
+
.vitem "&*${certextract{*&<&'field'&>&*}{*&<&'certificate'&>&*}&&&
{*&<&'string2'&>&*}{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&"
-.cindex "expansion" "extracting cerificate fields"
+.cindex "expansion" "extracting certificate fields"
.cindex "&%certextract%&" "certificate fields"
.cindex "certificate" "extracting fields"
The <&'certificate'&> must be a variable of type certificate.
-The field name is expanded and used to retrive the relevant field from
+The field name is expanded and used to retrieve the relevant field from
the certificate. Supported fields are:
.display
&`version `&
output a Distinguished Name string which is
not quite
parseable by Exim as a comma-separated tagged list
-(the exceptions being elements containin commas).
+(the exceptions being elements containing commas).
RDN elements of a single type may be selected by
a modifier of the type label; if so the expansion
result is a list (newline-separated by default).
-The separator may be changed by another modifer of
+The separator may be changed by another modifier of
a right angle-bracket followed immediately by the new separator.
Recognised RDN type labels include "CN", "O", "OU" and "DC".
The field selectors marked as "time" above
-may output a number of seconds since epoch
-if the modifier "int" is used.
+take an optional modifier of "int"
+for which the result is the number of seconds since epoch.
+Otherwise the result is a human-readable string
+in the timezone selected by the main "timezone" option.
The field selectors marked as "list" above return a list,
newline-separated by default,
prefix each list element with a type string and an equals sign.
Elements of only one type may be selected by a modifier
which is one of "dns", "uri" or "mail";
-if so the elenment tags are omitted.
+if so the element tags are omitted.
If not otherwise noted field values are presented in human-readable form.
you need to add &%-shared%& to the gcc command. Also, in the Exim build-time
configuration, you must add &%-export-dynamic%& to EXTRALIBS.
+
+.vitem "&*${env{*&<&'key'&>&*}{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}}*&"
+.cindex "expansion" "extracting value from environment"
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
+The key is first expanded separately, and leading and trailing white space
+removed.
+This is then searched for as a name in the environment.
+If a variable is found then its value is placed in &$value$&
+and <&'string1'&> is expanded, otherwise <&'string2'&> is expanded.
+
+Instead of {<&'string2'&>} the word &"fail"& (not in curly brackets) can
+appear, for example:
+.code
+${env{USER}{$value} fail }
+.endd
+This forces an expansion failure (see section &<<SECTforexpfai>>&);
+{<&'string1'&>} must be present for &"fail"& to be recognized.
+
+If {<&'string2'&>} is omitted an empty string is substituted on
+search failure.
+If {<&'string1'&>} is omitted the search result is substituted on
+search success.
+
+The environment is adjusted by the &%keep_environment%& and
+&%add_environment%& main section options.
+
+
.vitem "&*${extract{*&<&'key'&>&*}{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}&&&
{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&"
.cindex "expansion" "extracting substrings by key"
.cindex "&%extract%&" "substrings by key"
The key and <&'string1'&> are first expanded separately. Leading and trailing
white space is removed from the key (but not from any of the strings). The key
-must not consist entirely of digits. The expanded <&'string1'&> must be of the
-form:
+must not be empty and must not consist entirely of digits.
+The expanded <&'string1'&> must be of the form:
.display
<&'key1'&> = <&'value1'&> <&'key2'&> = <&'value2'&> ...
.endd
separator used for the output list is the same as the one used for the
input, but a separator setting is not included in the output. For example:
.code
-${filter{a:b:c}{!eq{$item}{b}}
+${filter{a:b:c}{!eq{$item}{b}}}
.endd
yields &`a:c`&. At the end of the expansion, the value of &$item$& is restored
to what it was before. See also the &*map*& and &*reduce*& expansion items.
filter. Header lines that are added to a particular copy of a message by a
router or transport are not accessible.
-For incoming SMTP messages, no header lines are visible in ACLs that are obeyed
-before the DATA ACL, because the header structure is not set up until the
-message is received. Header lines that are added in a RCPT ACL (for example)
+For incoming SMTP messages, no header lines are visible in
+ACLs that are obeyed before the data phase completes,
+because the header structure is not set up until the message is received.
+They are visible in DKIM, PRDR and DATA ACLs.
+Header lines that are added in a RCPT ACL (for example)
are saved until the message's incoming header lines are available, at which
-point they are added. When a DATA ACL is running, however, header lines added
-by earlier ACLs are visible.
+point they are added.
+When any of the above ACLs ar
+running, however, header lines added by earlier ACLs are visible.
Upper case and lower case letters are synonymous in header names. If the
following character is white space, the terminating colon may be omitted, but
this is not recommended, because you may then forget it when it is needed. When
-white space terminates the header name, it is included in the expanded string.
-If the message does not contain the given header, the expansion item is
-replaced by an empty string. (See the &%def%& condition in section
-&<<SECTexpcond>>& for a means of testing for the existence of a header.)
+white space terminates the header name, this white space is included in the
+expanded string. If the message does not contain the given header, the
+expansion item is replaced by an empty string. (See the &%def%& condition in
+section &<<SECTexpcond>>& for a means of testing for the existence of a
+header.)
If there is more than one header with the same name, they are all concatenated
to form the substitution string, up to a maximum length of 64K. Unless
condition = ${if >{$acl_m4}{3}}
.endd
+
+
+.vitem &*${imapfolder{*&<&'foldername'&>&*}}*&
+.cindex expansion "imap folder"
+.cindex "&%imapfolder%& expansion item"
+This item converts a (possibly multilevel, or with non-ASCII characters)
+folder specification to a Maildir name for filesystem use.
+For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMDA>>&.
+
+
+
.vitem &*${length{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}}*&
.cindex "expansion" "string truncation"
.cindex "&%length%& expansion item"
.code
${listextract{-3}{<, x,42,99,& Mailer,,/bin/bash}{result: $value}}
.endd
-yields &"result: 99"&.
+yields &"result: 42"&.
If {<&'string3'&>} is omitted, an empty string is used for string3.
If {<&'string2'&>} is also omitted, the value that was
.vitem "&*${readsocket{*&<&'name'&>&*}{*&<&'request'&>&*}&&&
- {*&<&'timeout'&>&*}{*&<&'eol&~string'&>&*}{*&<&'fail&~string'&>&*}}*&"
+ {*&<&'options'&>&*}{*&<&'eol&~string'&>&*}{*&<&'fail&~string'&>&*}}*&"
.cindex "expansion" "inserting from a socket"
.cindex "socket, use of in expansion"
.cindex "&%readsocket%& expansion item"
-This item inserts data from a Unix domain or Internet socket into the expanded
+This item inserts data from a Unix domain or TCP socket into the expanded
string. The minimal way of using it uses just two arguments, as in these
examples:
.code
Only a single host name may be given, but if looking it up yields more than
one IP address, they are each tried in turn until a connection is made. For
both kinds of socket, Exim makes a connection, writes the request string
-(unless it is an empty string) and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
+unless it is an empty string; and no terminating NUL is ever sent)
+and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
is read. A timeout of 5 seconds is applied. Additional, optional arguments
extend what can be done. Firstly, you can vary the timeout. For example:
.code
${readsocket{/socket/name}{request string}{3s}}
.endd
+The third argument is a list of options, of which the first element is the timeout
+and must be present if the argument is given.
+Further elements are options of form &'name=value'&.
+One option type is currently recognised, defining whether (the default)
+or not a shutdown is done on the connection after sending the request.
+Example, to not do so (preferred, eg. by some webservers):
+.code
+${readsocket{/socket/name}{request string}{3s:shutdown=no}}
+.endd
A fourth argument allows you to change any newlines that are in the data
that is read, in the same way as for &%readfile%& (see above). This example
turns them into spaces:
${sg{abcdefabcdef}{abc}{xyz}}
.endd
yields &"xyzdefxyzdef"&. Because all three arguments are expanded before use,
-if any $ or \ characters are required in the regular expression or in the
+if any $, } or \ characters are required in the regular expression or in the
substitution string, they have to be escaped. For example:
.code
${sg{abcdef}{^(...)(...)\$}{\$2\$1}}
+.vitem &*${sort{*&<&'string'&>&*}{*&<&'comparator'&>&*}{*&<&'extractor'&>&*}}*&
+.cindex sorting "a list"
+.cindex list sorting
+.cindex expansion "list sorting"
+After expansion, <&'string'&> is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by
+default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way.
+The <&'comparator'&> argument is interpreted as the operator
+of a two-argument expansion condition.
+The numeric operators plus ge, gt, le, lt (and ~i variants) are supported.
+The comparison should return true when applied to two values
+if the first value should sort before the second value.
+The <&'extractor'&> expansion is applied repeatedly to elements of the list,
+the element being placed in &$item$&,
+to give values for comparison.
+
+The item result is a sorted list,
+with the original list separator,
+of the list elements (in full) of the original.
+
+Examples:
+.code
+${sort{3:2:1:4}{<}{$item}}
+.endd
+sorts a list of numbers, and
+.code
+${sort {${lookup dnsdb{>:,,mx=example.com}}} {<} {${listextract{1}{<,$item}}}}
+.endd
+will sort an MX lookup into priority order.
+
+
.vitem &*${substr{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&
.cindex "&%substr%& expansion item"
.cindex "substring extraction"
.code
${addresses:>& Chief <ceo@up.stairs>, sec@base.ment (dogsbody)}
.endd
-expands to &`ceo@up.stairs&&sec@base.ment`&. Compare the &*address*& (singular)
+expands to &`ceo@up.stairs&&sec@base.ment`&. The string is expanded
+first, so if the expanded string starts with >, it may change the output
+separator unintentionally. This can be avoided by setting the output
+separator explicitly:
+.code
+${addresses:>:$h_from:}
+.endd
+
+Compare the &*address*& (singular)
expansion item, which extracts the working address from a single RFC2822
address. See the &*filter*&, &*map*&, and &*reduce*& items for ways of
processing lists.
To clarify "list of addresses in RFC 2822 format" mentioned above, Exim follows
a strict interpretation of header line formatting. Exim parses the bare,
unquoted portion of an email address and if it finds a comma, treats it as an
-email address seperator. For the example header line:
+email address separator. For the example header line:
.code
From: =?iso-8859-2?Q?Last=2C_First?= <user@example.com>
.endd
user@example.com
.endd
+.vitem &*${base32:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%base32%& expansion item"
+.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
+The string must consist entirely of decimal digits. The number is converted to
+base 32 and output as a (empty, for zero) string of characters.
+Only lowercase letters are used.
+
+.vitem &*${base32d:*&<&'base-32&~digits'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%base32d%& expansion item"
+.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
+The string must consist entirely of base-32 digits.
+The number is converted to decimal and output as a string.
+
.vitem &*${base62:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%base62%& expansion item"
.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 62"
identifiers, base-36 digits. The number is converted to decimal and output as a
string.
+.vitem &*${base64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
+.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64%& expansion item"
+.cindex certificate "base64 of DER"
+This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the base64 encoding of the DER form of the certificate.
+
+
+.vitem &*${base64d:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 decoding"
+.cindex "base64 decoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64d%& expansion item"
+This operator converts a base64-encoded string into the un-coded form.
+
.vitem &*${domain:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "domain" "extraction"
significant bit set (so-called &"8-bit characters"&) count as printing or not
is controlled by the &%print_topbitchars%& option.
+.vitem &*${escape8bit:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "escaping 8-bit characters"
+.cindex "&%escape8bit%& expansion item"
+If the string contains and characters with the most significant bit set,
+they are converted to escape sequences starting with a backslash.
+Backslashes and DEL characters are also converted.
+
.vitem &*${eval:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&&~and&~&*${eval10:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "expression evaluation"
byte value 127 is converted to &`\x7f`&.
+.vitem &*${ipv6denorm:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%ipv6denorm%& expansion item"
+.cindex "IP address" normalisation
+This expands an IPv6 address to a full eight-element colon-separated set
+of hex digits including leading zeroes.
+A trailing ipv4-style dotted-decimal set is converted to hex.
+Pure IPv4 addresses are converted to IPv4-mapped IPv6.
+
+.vitem &*${ipv6norm:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%ipv6norm%& expansion item"
+.cindex "IP address" normalisation
+.cindex "IP address" "canonical form"
+This converts an IPv6 address to canonical form.
+Leading zeroes of groups are omitted, and the longest
+set of zero-valued groups is replaced with a double colon.
+A trailing ipv4-style dotted-decimal set is converted to hex.
+Pure IPv4 addresses are converted to IPv4-mapped IPv6.
+
+
.vitem &*${lc:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "case forcing in strings"
.cindex "string" "case forcing"
.vitem &*${md5:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "MD5 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "MD5 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "&%md5%& expansion item"
The &%md5%& operator computes the MD5 hash value of the string, and returns it
as a 32-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in lower case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the MD5 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
.vitem &*${nhash_*&<&'n'&>&*_*&<&'m'&>&*:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "numeric hash"
.vitem &*${reverse_ip:*&<&'ipaddr'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "IP address"
This operator reverses an IP address; for IPv4 addresses, the result is in
-dotted-quad decimal form, while for IPv6 addreses the result is in
+dotted-quad decimal form, while for IPv6 addresses the result is in
dotted-nibble hexadecimal form. In both cases, this is the "natural" form
for DNS. For example,
.code
This operator encodes text according to the rules of RFC 2047. This is an
encoding that is used in header lines to encode non-ASCII characters. It is
assumed that the input string is in the encoding specified by the
-&%headers_charset%& option, which defaults to ISO-8859-1. If the string
+&%headers_charset%& option, which gets its default at build time. If the string
contains only characters in the range 33&--126, and no instances of the
characters
.code
.vitem &*${sha1:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-1 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-1 hashing"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
-.cindex "&%sha2%& expansion item"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
+.cindex "&%sha1%& expansion item"
The &%sha1%& operator computes the SHA-1 hash value of the string, and returns
it as a 40-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the SHA-1 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
-.vitem &*${sha256:*&<&'certificate'&>&*}*&
+
+.vitem &*${sha256:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-256 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-256 hashing"
.cindex "&%sha256%& expansion item"
-The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the
-certificate,
+The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash value of the string
+and returns
+it as a 64-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
+
+.vitem &*${sha3:*&<&'string'&>&*}*& &&&
+ &*${sha3_<n>:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "SHA3 hash"
+.cindex "expansion" "SHA3 hashing"
+.cindex "&%sha3%& expansion item"
+The &%sha3%& operator computes the SHA3-256 hash value of the string
and returns
it as a 64-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
-Only arguments which are a single variable of certificate type are supported.
+
+If a number is appended, separated by an underbar, it specifies
+the output length. Values of 224, 256, 384 and 512 are accepted;
+with 256 being the default.
+
+The &%sha3%& expansion item is only supported if Exim has been
+compiled with GnuTLS 3.5.0 or later,
+.new
+or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later.
+The macro "_CRYPTO_HASH_SHA3" will be defined if it is supported.
+.wen
.vitem &*${stat:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
systems for files larger than 2GB.
.vitem &*${str2b64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
-.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
-.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
.cindex "&%str2b64%& expansion item"
-This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+Now deprecated, a synonym for the &%base64%& expansion operator.
.cindex "expansion" "utf-8 forcing"
.cindex "&%utf8clean%& expansion item"
This replaces any invalid utf-8 sequence in the string by the character &`?`&.
+
+.vitem "&*${utf8_domain_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_domain_from_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_localpart_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
+ "&*${utf8_localpart_from_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&"
+.cindex expansion UTF-8
+.cindex UTF-8 expansion
+.cindex EAI
+.cindex internationalisation
+.cindex "&%utf8_domain_to_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_domain_from_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_localpart_to_alabel%& expansion item"
+.cindex "&%utf8_localpart_from_alabel%& expansion item"
+These convert EAI mail name components between UTF-8 and a-label forms.
+For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
.endlist
hexadecimal digits. There may be fewer than eight components if an empty
component (adjacent colons) is present. Only one empty component is permitted.
-&*Note*&: The checks are just on the form of the address; actual numerical
-values are not considered. Thus, for example, 999.999.999.999 passes the IPv4
-check. The main use of these tests is to distinguish between IP addresses and
+&*Note*&: The checks used to be just on the form of the address; actual numerical
+values were not considered. Thus, for example, 999.999.999.999 passed the IPv4
+check.
+This is no longer the case.
+
+The main use of these tests is to distinguish between IP addresses and
host names, or between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. For example, you could use
.code
${if isip4{$sender_host_address}...
${if match_domain{a.b.c}{x.y.z:a.b.c:p.q.r}{yes}{no}}
.endd
In each case, the second argument may contain any of the allowable items for a
-list of the appropriate type. Also, because the second argument (after
-expansion) is a standard form of list, it is possible to refer to a named list.
+list of the appropriate type. Also, because the second argument
+is a standard form of list, it is possible to refer to a named list.
Thus, you can use conditions like this:
.code
${if match_domain{$domain}{+local_domains}{...
When a &%match%& expansion condition succeeds, these variables contain the
captured substrings identified by the regular expression during subsequent
processing of the success string of the containing &%if%& expansion item.
-However, they do not retain their values afterwards; in fact, their previous
+In the expansion condition case
+they do not retain their values afterwards; in fact, their previous
values are restored at the end of processing an &%if%& item. The numerical
variables may also be set externally by some other matching process which
precedes the expansion of the string. For example, the commands available in
.vitem "&$auth1$& &-- &$auth3$&"
.vindex "&$auth1$&, &$auth2$&, etc"
These variables are used in SMTP authenticators (see chapters
-&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPspa>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
+&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPtlsauth>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
.vitem &$authenticated_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "id"
user/password authenticator configuration might preserve the user name for use
in the routers. Note that this is not the same information that is saved in
&$sender_host_authenticated$&.
+
When a message is submitted locally (that is, not over a TCP connection)
the value of &$authenticated_id$& is normally the login name of the calling
process. However, a trusted user can override this by means of the &%-oMai%&
command line option.
+.new
+This second case also sets up inforamtion used by the
+&$authresults$& expansion item.
+.wen
.vitem &$authenticated_fail_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "fail" "id"
&$originator_uid$&). If Exim re-execs itself, this variable in the new
incarnation normally contains the Exim uid.
-.vitem &$compile_date$&
-.vindex "&$compile_date$&"
-The date on which the Exim binary was compiled.
+.vitem &$callout_address$&
+.vindex "&$callout_address$&"
+After a callout for verification, spamd or malware daemon service, the
+address that was connected to.
.vitem &$compile_number$&
.vindex "&$compile_number$&"
of times it has been compiled. This serves to distinguish different
compilations of the same version of the program.
-.vitem &$demime_errorlevel$&
-.vindex "&$demime_errorlevel$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with
-the content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For
-details, see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
-.vitem &$demime_reason$&
-.vindex "&$demime_reason$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For details,
-see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
+.vitem &$config_dir$&
+.vindex "&$config_dir$&"
+The directory name of the main configuration file. That is, the content of
+&$config_file$& with the last component stripped. The value does not
+contain the trailing slash. If &$config_file$& does not contain a slash,
+&$config_dir$& is ".".
+
+.vitem &$config_file$&
+.vindex "&$config_file$&"
+The name of the main configuration file Exim is using.
+
+.vitem &$dkim_verify_status$&
+Results of DKIM verification.
+For details see section &<<SECDKIMVFY>>&.
+
+.vitem &$dkim_cur_signer$& &&&
+ &$dkim_verify_reason$& &&&
+ &$dkim_domain$& &&&
+ &$dkim_identity$& &&&
+ &$dkim_selector$& &&&
+ &$dkim_algo$& &&&
+ &$dkim_canon_body$& &&&
+ &$dkim_canon_headers$& &&&
+ &$dkim_copiedheaders$& &&&
+ &$dkim_bodylength$& &&&
+ &$dkim_created$& &&&
+ &$dkim_expires$& &&&
+ &$dkim_headernames$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_testing$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_nosubdomains$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_srvtype$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_granularity$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_notes$& &&&
+ &$dkim_key_length$&
+These variables are only available within the DKIM ACL.
+For details see section &<<SECDKIMVFY>>&.
+
+.vitem &$dkim_signers$&
+.vindex &$dkim_signers$&
+When a message has been received this variable contains
+a colon-separated list of signer domains and identities for the message.
+For details see section &<<SECDKIMVFY>>&.
.vitem &$dnslist_domain$& &&&
&$dnslist_matched$& &&&
.vindex "&$exim_uid$&"
This variable contains the numerical value of the Exim user id.
-.vitem &$found_extension$&
-.vindex "&$found_extension$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For details,
-see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
+.vitem &$exim_version$&
+.vindex "&$exim_version$&"
+This variable contains the version string of the Exim build.
+The first character is a major version number, currently 4.
+Then after a dot, the next group of digits is a minor version number.
+There may be other characters following the minor version.
.vitem &$header_$&<&'name'&>
This is not strictly an expansion variable. It is expansion syntax for
by a setting on the transport itself.
When running a filter test via the &%-bf%& option, &$home$& is set to the value
-of the environment variable HOME.
+of the environment variable HOME, which is subject to the
+&%keep_environment%& and &%add_environment%& main config options.
.vitem &$host$&
.vindex "&$host$&"
the result, the name is not accepted, and &$host_lookup_deferred$& is set to
&"1"&. See also &$sender_host_name$&.
+.new
+.cindex authentication "expansion item"
+Performing these checks sets up information used by the
+&$authresults$& expansion item.
+.wen
+
+
.vitem &$host_lookup_failed$&
.vindex "&$host_lookup_failed$&"
See &$host_lookup_deferred$&.
+.vitem &$host_port$&
+.vindex "&$host_port$&"
+This variable is set to the remote host's TCP port whenever &$host$& is set
+for an outbound connection.
+
+.vitem &$initial_cwd$&
+.vindex "&$initial_cwd$&
+This variable contains the full path name of the initial working
+directory of the current Exim process. This may differ from the current
+working directory, as Exim changes this to "/" during early startup, and
+to &$spool_directory$& later.
.vitem &$inode$&
.vindex "&$inode$&"
.vindex "&$lookup_dnssec_authenticated$&"
This variable is set after a DNS lookup done by
a dnsdb lookup expansion, dnslookup router or smtp transport.
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
It will be empty if &(DNSSEC)& was not requested,
&"no"& if the result was not labelled as authenticated data
and &"yes"& if it was.
+Results that are labelled as authoritative answer that match
+the &%dns_trust_aa%& configuration variable count also
+as authenticated data.
.vitem &$mailstore_basename$&
.vindex "&$mailstore_basename$&"
This variable contains the number of bytes in the longest line that was
received as part of the message, not counting the line termination
character(s).
+It is not valid if the &%spool_files_wireformat%& option is used.
.vitem &$message_age$&
.cindex "message" "age of"
separates the body from the header. Newlines are included in the count. See
also &$message_size$&, &$body_linecount$&, and &$body_zerocount$&.
+If the spool file is wireformat
+(see the &%spool_files_wireformat%& main option)
+the CRLF line-terminators are included in the count.
+
.vitem &$message_exim_id$&
.vindex "&$message_exim_id$&"
When a message is being received or delivered, this variable contains the
contents of header lines is done.
.vitem &$message_id$&
-This is an old name for &$message_exim_id$&, which is now deprecated.
+This is an old name for &$message_exim_id$&. It is now deprecated.
.vitem &$message_linecount$&
.vindex "&$message_linecount$&"
In the MAIL and RCPT ACLs, the value is zero because at that stage the
message has not yet been received.
+This variable is not valid if the &%spool_files_wireformat%& option is used.
+
.vitem &$message_size$&
.cindex "size" "of message"
.cindex "message" "size"
.cindex "uid (user id)" "of originating user"
.cindex "sender" "uid"
.vindex "&$caller_uid$&"
-.vindex "&$originaltor_uid$&"
+.vindex "&$originator_uid$&"
The value of &$caller_uid$& that was set when the message was received. For
messages received via the command line, this is the uid of the sending user.
For messages received by SMTP over TCP/IP, this is normally the uid of the Exim
qualified host name. See also &$smtp_active_hostname$&.
+.vitem &$proxy_external_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_external_port$& &&&
+ &$proxy_local_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_local_port$& &&&
+ &$proxy_session$&
+These variables are only available when built with Proxy Protocol
+or SOCKS5 support.
+For details see chapter &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
+
+.vitem &$prdr_requested$&
+.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
+This variable is set to &"yes"& if PRDR was requested by the client for the
+current message, otherwise &"no"&.
+
.vitem &$prvscheck_address$&
This variable is used in conjunction with the &%prvscheck%& expansion item,
which is described in sections &<<SECTexpansionitems>>& and
The value set for the &%qualify_recipient%& option in the configuration file,
or if not set, the value of &$qualify_domain$&.
+.vitem &$queue_name$&
+.vindex &$queue_name$&
+.cindex "named queues"
+.cindex queues named
+The name of the spool queue in use; empty for the default queue.
+
.vitem &$rcpt_count$&
.vindex "&$rcpt_count$&"
When a message is being received by SMTP, this variable contains the number of
values of &$received_ip_address$& and &$received_port$& are saved with any
messages that are received, thus making these variables available at delivery
time.
-
-&*Note:*& There are no equivalent variables for outgoing connections, because
-the values are unknown (unless they are explicitly set by options of the
-&(smtp)& transport).
+For outbound connections see &$sending_ip_address$&.
.vitem &$received_port$&
.vindex "&$received_port$&"
This variable is set to contain the matching regular expression after a
&%regex%& ACL condition has matched (see section &<<SECTscanregex>>&).
+.vitem "&$regex1$&, &$regex2$&, etc"
+.cindex "regex submatch variables (&$1regex$& &$2regex$& etc)"
+When a &%regex%& or &%mime_regex%& ACL condition succeeds,
+these variables contain the
+captured substrings identified by the regular expression.
+
.vitem &$reply_address$&
.vindex "&$reply_address$&"
the argument of a HELO or EHLO command. This is omitted if it is identical to
the verified host name or to the host's IP address in square brackets.
+.vitem &$sender_helo_dnssec$&
+.vindex "&$sender_helo_dnssec$&"
+This boolean variable is true if a successful HELO verification was
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+done using DNS information the resolver library stated was authenticated data.
+
.vitem &$sender_helo_name$&
.vindex "&$sender_helo_name$&"
When a message is received from a remote host that has issued a HELO or EHLO
.vitem &$sender_host_address$&
.vindex "&$sender_host_address$&"
-When a message is received from a remote host, this variable contains that
-host's IP address. For locally submitted messages, it is empty.
+When a message is received from a remote host using SMTP,
+this variable contains that
+host's IP address. For locally non-SMTP submitted messages, it is empty.
.vitem &$sender_host_authenticated$&
.vindex "&$sender_host_authenticated$&"
If an attempt to populate &$sender_host_name$& has been made
(by reference, &%hosts_lookup%& or
otherwise) then this boolean will have been set true if, and only if, the
-resolver library states that the reverse DNS was authenticated data. At all
+resolver library states that both
+the reverse and forward DNS were authenticated data. At all
other times, this variable is false.
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
It is likely that you will need to coerce DNSSEC support on in the resolver
library, by setting:
.code
.endd
Exim does not perform DNSSEC validation itself, instead leaving that to a
-validating resolver (eg, unbound, or bind with suitable configuration).
-
-Exim does not (currently) check to see if the forward DNS was also secured
-with DNSSEC, only the reverse DNS.
+validating resolver (e.g. unbound, or bind with suitable configuration).
If you have changed &%host_lookup_order%& so that &`bydns`& is not the first
mechanism in the list, then this variable will be false.
+This requires that your system resolver library support EDNS0 (and that
+DNSSEC flags exist in the system headers). If the resolver silently drops
+all EDNS0 options, then this will have no effect. OpenBSD's asr resolver
+is known to currently ignore EDNS0, documented in CAVEATS of asr_run(3).
+
.vitem &$sender_host_name$&
.vindex "&$sender_host_name$&"
space removed. Following the introduction of &$smtp_command$&, this variable is
somewhat redundant, but is retained for backwards compatibility.
+.vitem &$smtp_command_history$&
+.cindex SMTP "command history"
+.vindex "&$smtp_command_history$&"
+A comma-separated list (with no whitespace) of the most-recent SMTP commands
+received, in time-order left to right. Only a limited number of commands
+are remembered.
+
.vitem &$smtp_count_at_connection_start$&
.vindex "&$smtp_count_at_connection_start$&"
This variable is set greater than zero only in processes spawned by the Exim
is compiled with the content-scanning extension. For details, see section
&<<SECTscanspamass>>&.
+.new
+.vitem &$spf_header_comment$& &&&
+ &$spf_received$& &&&
+ &$spf_result$& &&&
+ &$spf_result_guessed$& &&&
+ &$spf_smtp_comment$&
+These variables are only available if Exim is built with SPF support.
+For details see section &<<SECSPF>>&.
+.wen
.vitem &$spool_directory$&
.vindex "&$spool_directory$&"
.vitem &$tls_in_ourcert$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_ourcert$&"
+.cindex certificate variables
This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
inbound connection when the message was received.
It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
or a &%def%& condition.
+&*Note*&: Under current versions of OpenSSL, when a list of more than one
+file is used for &%tls_certificate%&, this variable is not reliable.
+
.vitem &$tls_in_peercert$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_peercert$&"
This variable refers to the certificate presented by the peer of an
inbound connection when the message was received.
It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
or a &%def%& condition.
+If certificate verification fails it may refer to a failing chain element
+which is not the leaf.
.vitem &$tls_out_ourcert$&
.vindex "&$tls_out_ourcert$&"
This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
outbound connection. It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
or a &%def%& condition.
.vitem &$tls_out_peercert$&
.vindex "&$tls_out_peercert$&"
This variable refers to the certificate presented by the peer of an
outbound connection. It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
or a &%def%& condition.
+If certificate verification fails it may refer to a failing chain element
+which is not the leaf.
.vitem &$tls_in_certificate_verified$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_certificate_verified$&"
This variable is set to &"1"& if a TLS certificate was verified when the
message was received, and &"0"& otherwise.
-The deprecated &$tls_certificate_verfied$& variable refers to the inbound side
+The deprecated &$tls_certificate_verified$& variable refers to the inbound side
except when used in the context of an outbound SMTP delivery, when it refers to
the outbound.
connection, this variable is set to the cipher suite that was negotiated, for
example DES-CBC3-SHA. In other circumstances, in particular, for message
received over unencrypted connections, the variable is empty. Testing
-&$tls_cipher$& for emptiness is one way of distinguishing between encrypted and
+&$tls_in_cipher$& for emptiness is one way of distinguishing between encrypted and
non-encrypted connections during ACL processing.
The deprecated &$tls_cipher$& variable is the same as &$tls_in_cipher$& during message reception,
&<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS support and chapter &<<CHAPsmtptrans>>& for
details of the &(smtp)& transport.
+.vitem &$tls_out_dane$&
+.vindex &$tls_out_dane$&
+DANE active status. See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
+
.vitem &$tls_in_ocsp$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_ocsp$&"
When a message is received from a remote client connection
.vitem &$tls_in_peerdn$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_peerdn$&"
.vindex "&$tls_peerdn$&"
+.cindex certificate "extracting fields"
When a message is received from a remote host over an encrypted SMTP
connection, and Exim is configured to request a certificate from the client,
the value of the Distinguished Name of the certificate is made available in the
&$tls_in_peerdn$& during subsequent processing.
+If certificate verification fails it may refer to a failing chain element
+which is not the leaf.
The deprecated &$tls_peerdn$& variable refers to the inbound side
except when used in the context of an outbound SMTP delivery, when it refers to
connection, and Exim is configured to request a certificate from the server,
the value of the Distinguished Name of the certificate is made available in the
&$tls_out_peerdn$& during subsequent processing.
+If certificate verification fails it may refer to a failing chain element
+which is not the leaf.
.vitem &$tls_in_sni$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_sni$&"
SMTP deliveries, this variable reflects the value of the &%tls_sni%& option on
the transport.
+.vitem &$tls_out_tlsa_usage$&
+.vindex &$tls_out_tlsa_usage$&
+Bitfield of TLSA record types found. See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
+
.vitem &$tod_bsdinbox$&
.vindex "&$tod_bsdinbox$&"
The time of day and the date, in the format required for BSD-style mailbox
or external command, as described above. It is also used during a
&*reduce*& expansion.
+.vitem &$verify_mode$&
+.vindex "&$verify_mode$&"
+While a router or transport is being run in verify mode or for cutthrough delivery,
+contains "S" for sender-verification or "R" for recipient-verification.
+Otherwise, empty.
+
.vitem &$version_number$&
.vindex "&$version_number$&"
The version number of Exim.
There is also a command line option &%-pd%& (for delay) which suppresses the
initial startup, even if &%perl_at_start%& is set.
+.ilist
+.oindex "&%perl_taintmode%&"
+.cindex "Perl" "taintmode"
+To provide more security executing Perl code via the embedded Perl
+interpreter, the &%perl_taintmode%& option can be set. This enables the
+taint mode of the Perl interpreter. You are encouraged to set this
+option to a true value. To avoid breaking existing installations, it
+defaults to false.
+
.section "Calling Perl subroutines" "SECID86"
When the configuration file includes a &%perl_startup%& option you can make use
-.section "Support for the obsolete SSMTP (or SMTPS) protocol" "SECTsupobssmt"
+.section "Support for the submissions (aka SSMTP or SMTPS) protocol" "SECTsupobssmt"
+.cindex "submissions protocol"
.cindex "ssmtp protocol"
.cindex "smtps protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "ssmtp protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "smtps protocol"
-Exim supports the obsolete SSMTP protocol (also known as SMTPS) that was used
-before the STARTTLS command was standardized for SMTP. Some legacy clients
-still use this protocol. If the &%tls_on_connect_ports%& option is set to a
-list of port numbers or service names,
-connections to those ports must use SSMTP. The most
-common use of this option is expected to be
+Exim supports the use of TLS-on-connect, used by mail clients in the
+&"submissions"& protocol, historically also known as SMTPS or SSMTP.
+For some years, IETF Standards Track documents only blessed the
+STARTTLS-based Submission service (port 587) while common practice was to support
+the same feature set on port 465, but using TLS-on-connect.
+If your installation needs to provide service to mail clients
+(Mail User Agents, MUAs) then you should provide service on both the 587 and
+the 465 TCP ports.
+
+If the &%tls_on_connect_ports%& option is set to a list of port numbers or
+service names, connections to those ports must first establish TLS, before
+proceeding to the application layer use of the SMTP protocol.
+
+The common use of this option is expected to be
.code
tls_on_connect_ports = 465
.endd
-because 465 is the usual port number used by the legacy clients. There is also
-a command line option &%-tls-on-connect%&, which forces all ports to behave in
-this way when a daemon is started.
+per RFC 8314.
+There is also a command line option &%-tls-on-connect%&, which forces all ports
+to behave in this way when a daemon is started.
&*Warning*&: Setting &%tls_on_connect_ports%& does not of itself cause the
daemon to listen on those ports. You must still specify them in
.section "Miscellaneous" "SECID96"
.table2
.row &%bi_command%& "to run for &%-bi%& command line option"
+.row &%debug_store%& "do extra internal checks"
.row &%disable_ipv6%& "do no IPv6 processing"
.row &%keep_malformed%& "for broken files &-- should not happen"
.row &%localhost_number%& "for unique message ids in clusters"
.row &%message_body_visible%& "how much to show in &$message_body$&"
.row &%mua_wrapper%& "run in &""MUA wrapper""& mode"
.row &%print_topbitchars%& "top-bit characters are printing"
+.row &%spool_wireformat%& "use wire-format spool data files when possible"
.row &%timezone%& "force time zone"
.endtable
.section "Privilege controls" "SECID98"
.table2
.row &%admin_groups%& "groups that are Exim admin users"
+.row &%commandline_checks_require_admin%& "require admin for various checks"
.row &%deliver_drop_privilege%& "drop root for delivery processes"
.row &%local_from_check%& "insert &'Sender:'& if necessary"
.row &%local_from_prefix%& "for testing &'From:'& for local sender"
.section "Logging" "SECID99"
.table2
+.row &%event_action%& "custom logging"
.row &%hosts_connection_nolog%& "exemption from connect logging"
.row &%log_file_path%& "override compiled-in value"
.row &%log_selector%& "set/unset optional logging"
.row &%message_logs%& "create per-message logs"
.row &%preserve_message_logs%& "after message completion"
.row &%process_log_path%& "for SIGUSR1 and &'exiwhat'&"
+.row &%slow_lookup_log%& "control logging of slow DNS lookups"
.row &%syslog_duplication%& "controls duplicate log lines on syslog"
.row &%syslog_facility%& "set syslog &""facility""& field"
+.row &%syslog_pid%& "pid in syslog lines"
.row &%syslog_processname%& "set syslog &""ident""& field"
.row &%syslog_timestamp%& "timestamp syslog lines"
.row &%write_rejectlog%& "control use of message log"
.table2
.row &%perl_at_start%& "always start the interpreter"
.row &%perl_startup%& "code to obey when starting Perl"
+.row &%perl_taintmode%& "enable taint mode in Perl"
.endtable
.row &%acl_smtp_mail%& "ACL for MAIL"
.row &%acl_smtp_mailauth%& "ACL for AUTH on MAIL command"
.row &%acl_smtp_mime%& "ACL for MIME parts"
+.row &%acl_smtp_notquit%& "ACL for non-QUIT terminations"
.row &%acl_smtp_predata%& "ACL for start of data"
.row &%acl_smtp_quit%& "ACL for QUIT"
.row &%acl_smtp_rcpt%& "ACL for RCPT"
.row &%helo_verify_hosts%& "HELO hard-checked for these hosts"
.row &%host_lookup%& "host name looked up for these hosts"
.row &%host_lookup_order%& "order of DNS and local name lookups"
+.row &%hosts_proxy%& "use proxy protocol for these hosts"
.row &%host_reject_connection%& "reject connection from these hosts"
.row &%hosts_treat_as_local%& "useful in some cluster configurations"
.row &%local_scan_timeout%& "timeout for &[local_scan()]&"
.row &%tls_crl%& "certificate revocation list"
.row &%tls_dh_max_bits%& "clamp D-H bit count suggestion"
.row &%tls_dhparam%& "DH parameters for server"
+.row &%tls_eccurve%& "EC curve selection for server"
.row &%tls_ocsp_file%& "location of server certificate status proof"
.row &%tls_on_connect_ports%& "specify SSMTP (SMTPS) ports"
.row &%tls_privatekey%& "location of server private key"
See also the &'Policy controls'& section above.
.table2
+.row &%dkim_verify_signers%& "DKIM domain for which DKIM ACL is run"
.row &%host_lookup%& "host name looked up for these hosts"
.row &%host_lookup_order%& "order of DNS and local name lookups"
.row &%recipient_unqualified_hosts%& "may send unqualified recipients"
.table2
.row &%accept_8bitmime%& "advertise 8BITMIME"
.row &%auth_advertise_hosts%& "advertise AUTH to these hosts"
+.row &%chunking_advertise_hosts%& "advertise CHUNKING to these hosts"
+.row &%dsn_advertise_hosts%& "advertise DSN extensions to these hosts"
.row &%ignore_fromline_hosts%& "allow &""From ""& from these hosts"
.row &%ignore_fromline_local%& "allow &""From ""& from local SMTP"
.row &%pipelining_advertise_hosts%& "advertise pipelining to these hosts"
.row &%prdr_enable%& "advertise PRDR to all hosts"
+.row &%smtputf8_advertise_hosts%& "advertise SMTPUTF8 to these hosts"
.row &%tls_advertise_hosts%& "advertise TLS to these hosts"
.endtable
.row &%dns_ipv4_lookup%& "only v4 lookup for these domains"
.row &%dns_retrans%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%dns_retry%& "parameter for resolver"
+.row &%dns_trust_aa%& "DNS zones trusted as authentic"
.row &%dns_use_edns0%& "parameter for resolver"
.row &%hold_domains%& "hold delivery for these domains"
.row &%local_interfaces%& "for routing checks"
.row &%bounce_message_file%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_message_text%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_body%& "include body if returning message"
+.row &%bounce_return_linesize_limit%& "limit on returned message line length"
.row &%bounce_return_message%& "include original message in bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_size_limit%& "limit on returned message"
.row &%bounce_sender_authentication%& "send authenticated sender with bounce"
processed and the message itself has been received, but before the final
acknowledgment is sent. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
-.option acl_smtp_data_prdr main string&!! unset
-.cindex "DATA" "ACL for"
+.option acl_smtp_data_prdr main string&!! accept
+.cindex "PRDR" "ACL for"
+.cindex "DATA" "PRDR ACL for"
.cindex "&ACL;" "PRDR-related"
.cindex "&ACL;" "per-user data processing"
This option defines the ACL that,
processed and the message itself has been received, but before the
acknowledgment is sent. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
+.option acl_smtp_dkim main string&!! unset
+.cindex DKIM "ACL for"
+This option defines the ACL that is run for each DKIM signature
+(by default, or as specified in the dkim_verify_signers option)
+of a received message.
+See section &<<SECDKIMVFY>>& for further details.
+
.option acl_smtp_etrn main string&!! unset
.cindex "ETRN" "ACL for"
This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP ETRN command is
extension. It defines the ACL that is run for each MIME part in a message. See
section &<<SECTscanmimepart>>& for details.
+.option acl_smtp_notquit main string&!! unset
+.cindex "not-QUIT, ACL for"
+This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP session
+ends without a QUIT command being received.
+See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
+
.option acl_smtp_predata main string&!! unset
This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP DATA command is
received, before the message itself is received. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for
This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP VRFY command is
received. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
+.option add_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment" "set values"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use.
+See &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for the environment of &(pipe)& transports.
+
.option admin_groups main "string list&!!" unset
.cindex "admin user"
This option is expanded just once, at the start of Exim's processing. If the
It appears that more and more DNS zone administrators are breaking the rules
and putting domain names that look like IP addresses on the right hand side of
MX records. Exim follows the rules and rejects this, giving an error message
-that explains the mis-configuration. However, some other MTAs support this
+that explains the misconfiguration. However, some other MTAs support this
practice, so to avoid &"Why can't Exim do this?"& complaints,
&%allow_mx_to_ip%& exists, in order to enable this heinous activity. It is not
recommended, except when you have no other choice.
point at which the error was detected are returned.
.cindex "bounce message" "including original"
+.option bounce_return_linesize_limit main integer 998
+.cindex "size" "of bounce lines, limit"
+.cindex "bounce message" "line length limit"
+.cindex "limit" "bounce message line length"
+This option sets a limit in bytes on the line length of messages
+that are returned to senders due to delivery problems,
+when &%bounce_return_message%& is true.
+The default value corresponds to RFC limits.
+If the message being returned has lines longer than this value it is
+treated as if the &%bounce_return_size_limit%& (below) restriction was exceeded.
+
+The option also applies to bounces returned when an error is detected
+during reception of a message.
+In this case lines from the original are truncated.
+
+The option does not apply to messages generated by an &(autoreply)& transport.
+
+
.option bounce_return_message main boolean true
If this option is set false, none of the original message is included in
bounce messages generated by Exim. See also &%bounce_return_size_limit%& and
See section &<<CALLaddparcall>>& for details of how this value is used.
-.option check_log_inodes main integer 0
+.option check_log_inodes main integer 100
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
-.option check_log_space main integer 0
+.option check_log_space main integer 10M
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
.oindex "&%check_rfc2047_length%&"
set false, Exim recognizes encoded words of any length.
-.option check_spool_inodes main integer 0
+.option check_spool_inodes main integer 100
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
-.option check_spool_space main integer 0
+.option check_spool_space main integer 10M
.cindex "checking disk space"
.cindex "disk space, checking"
.cindex "spool directory" "checking space"
.vindex "&$log_space$&"
.vindex "&$spool_inodes$&"
.vindex "&$spool_space$&"
-When any of these options are set, they apply to all incoming messages. If you
+When any of these options are nonzero, they apply to all incoming messages. If you
want to apply different checks to different kinds of message, you can do so by
testing the variables &$log_inodes$&, &$log_space$&, &$spool_inodes$&, and
&$spool_space$& in an ACL with appropriate additional conditions.
&%check_spool_space%& and &%check_spool_inodes%& check the spool partition if
either value is greater than zero, for example:
.code
-check_spool_space = 10M
+check_spool_space = 100M
check_spool_inodes = 100
.endd
The spool partition is the one that contains the directory defined by
&%check_spool_space%& is zero, unless &%no_smtp_check_spool_space%& is set.
The values for &%check_spool_space%& and &%check_log_space%& are held as a
-number of kilobytes. If a non-multiple of 1024 is specified, it is rounded up.
+number of kilobytes (though specified in bytes).
+If a non-multiple of 1024 is specified, it is rounded up.
For non-SMTP input and for batched SMTP input, the test is done at start-up; on
failure a message is written to stderr and Exim exits with a non-zero code, as
it obviously cannot send an error message of any kind.
+There is a slight performance penalty for these checks.
+Versions of Exim preceding 4.88 had these disabled by default;
+high-rate installations confident they will never run out of resources
+may wish to deliberately disable them.
+
+.option chunking_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
+.cindex CHUNKING advertisement
+.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
+The CHUNKING extension (RFC3030) will be advertised in the EHLO message to
+these hosts.
+Hosts may use the BDAT command as an alternate to DATA.
+
+.option commandline_checks_require_admin main boolean &`false`&
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+This option restricts various basic checking features to require an
+administrative user.
+This affects most of the &%-b*%& options, such as &%-be%&.
+
+.option debug_store main boolean &`false`&
+.cindex debugging "memory corruption"
+.cindex memory debugging
+This option, when true, enables extra checking in Exim's internal memory
+management. For use when a memory corruption issue is being investigated,
+it should normally be left as default.
+
.option daemon_smtp_ports main string &`smtp`&
.cindex "port" "for daemon"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "setting listening ports"
.option delay_warning main "time list" 24h
.cindex "warning of delay"
.cindex "delay warning, specifying"
+.cindex "queue" "delay warning"
When a message is delayed, Exim sends a warning message to the sender at
intervals specified by this option. The data is a colon-separated list of times
after which to send warning messages. If the value of the option is an empty
to handle IPv6 literal addresses.
+.option dkim_verify_signers main "domain list&!!" $dkim_signers
+.cindex DKIM "controlling calls to the ACL"
+This option gives a list of DKIM domains for which the DKIM ACL is run.
+It is expanded after the message is received; by default it runs
+the ACL once for each signature in the message.
+See section &<<SECDKIMVFY>>&.
+
+
.option dns_again_means_nonexist main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "DNS" "&""try again""& response; overriding"
DNS lookups give a &"try again"& response for the DNS errors
.option dns_ipv4_lookup main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "IPv6" "DNS lookup for AAAA records"
.cindex "DNS" "IPv6 lookup for AAAA records"
+.cindex DNS "IPv6 disabling"
When Exim is compiled with IPv6 support and &%disable_ipv6%& is not set, it
looks for IPv6 address records (AAAA records) as well as IPv4 address records
(A records) when trying to find IP addresses for hosts, unless the host's
.option dns_retrans main time 0s
.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
+.cindex timeout "dns lookup"
+.cindex "DNS" timeout
The options &%dns_retrans%& and &%dns_retry%& can be used to set the
retransmission and retry parameters for DNS lookups. Values of zero (the
defaults) leave the system default settings unchanged. The first value is the
parameter values are available in the external resolver interface structure,
but nowhere does it seem to describe how they are used or what you might want
to set in them.
+See also the &%slow_lookup_log%& option.
.option dns_retry main integer 0
See &%dns_retrans%& above.
+.option dns_trust_aa main "domain list&!!" unset
+.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+If this option is set then lookup results marked with the AA bit
+(Authoritative Answer) are trusted the same way as if they were
+DNSSEC-verified. The authority section's name of the answer must
+match with this expanded domain list.
+
+Use this option only if you talk directly to a resolver that is
+authoritative for some zones and does not set the AD (Authentic Data)
+bit in the answer. Some DNS servers may have an configuration option to
+mark the answers from their own zones as verified (they set the AD bit).
+Others do not have this option. It is considered as poor practice using
+a resolver that is an authoritative server for some zones.
+
+Use this option only if you really have to (e.g. if you want
+to use DANE for remote delivery to a server that is listed in the DNS
+zones that your resolver is authoritative for).
+
+If the DNS answer packet has the AA bit set and contains resource record
+in the answer section, the name of the first NS record appearing in the
+authority section is compared against the list. If the answer packet is
+authoritative but the answer section is empty, the name of the first SOA
+record in the authoritative section is used instead.
+
+.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
.option dns_use_edns0 main integer -1
.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
.cindex "DNS" "EDNS0"
+.cindex "DNS" "OpenBSD
If this option is set to a non-negative number then Exim will initialise the
DNS resolver library to either use or not use EDNS0 extensions, overriding
the system default. A value of 0 coerces EDNS0 off, a value of 1 coerces EDNS0
If the resolver library does not support EDNS0 then this option has no effect.
+OpenBSD's asr resolver routines are known to ignore the EDNS0 option; this
+means that DNSSEC will not work with Exim on that platform either, unless Exim
+is linked against an alternative DNS client library.
+
.option drop_cr main boolean false
This is an obsolete option that is now a no-op. It used to affect the way Exim
handled CR and LF characters in incoming messages. What happens now is
described in section &<<SECTlineendings>>&.
+.option dsn_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex "bounce messages" "success"
+.cindex "DSN" "success"
+.cindex "Delivery Status Notification" "success"
+DSN extensions (RFC3461) will be advertised in the EHLO message to,
+and accepted from, these hosts.
+Hosts may use the NOTIFY and ENVID options on RCPT TO commands,
+and RET and ORCPT options on MAIL FROM commands.
+A NOTIFY=SUCCESS option requests success-DSN messages.
+A NOTIFY= option with no argument requests that no delay or failure DSNs
+are sent.
+
.option dsn_from main "string&!!" "see below"
.cindex "&'From:'& header line" "in bounces"
.cindex "bounce messages" "&'From:'& line, specifying"
Exim's transports have an option for adding an &'Envelope-to:'& header to a
message when it is delivered, in exactly the same way as &'Return-path:'& is
handled. &'Envelope-to:'& records the original recipient address from the
-messages's envelope that caused the delivery to happen. Such headers should not
+message's envelope that caused the delivery to happen. Such headers should not
be present in incoming messages, and this option causes them to be removed at
the time the message is received, to avoid any problems that might occur when a
delivered message is subsequently sent on to some other recipient.
not used.
+.option event_action main string&!! unset
+.cindex events
+This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
+For details see chapter &<<CHAPevents>>&.
+
+
.option exim_group main string "compile-time configured"
.cindex "gid (group id)" "Exim's own"
.cindex "Exim group"
. Allow this long option name to split; give it unsplit as a fifth argument
. for the automatic .oindex that is generated by .option.
-.option "extract_addresses_remove_ &~&~arguments" main boolean true &&&
+.option "extract_addresses_remove_arguments" main boolean true &&&
extract_addresses_remove_arguments
.oindex "&%-t%&"
.cindex "command line" "addresses with &%-t%&"
matches the host name that Exim obtains by doing a reverse lookup of the
calling host address, or
.next
-when looked up using &[gethostbyname()]& (or &[getipnodebyname()]& when
-available) yields the calling host address.
+when looked up in DNS yields the calling host address.
.endlist
However, the EHLO or HELO command is not rejected if any of the checks
fail. Processing continues, but the result of the check is remembered, and can
be detected later in an ACL by the &`verify = helo`& condition.
+If DNS was used for successful verification, the variable
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+&$helo_verify_dnssec$& records the DNSSEC status of the lookups.
+
.option helo_verify_hosts main "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "HELO verifying" "mandatory"
.cindex "EHLO" "verifying, mandatory"
+.option hosts_proxy main "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex proxy "proxy protocol"
+This option enables use of Proxy Protocol proxies for incoming
+connections. For details see section &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
+
+
.option hosts_treat_as_local main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "local host" "domains treated as"
.cindex "host" "treated as local"
.option ignore_fromline_local main boolean false
See &%ignore_fromline_hosts%& above.
+.option keep_environment main "string list" unset
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
+This option contains a string list of environment variables to keep.
+You have to trust these variables or you have to be sure that
+these variables do not impose any security risk. Keep in mind that
+during the startup phase Exim is running with an effective UID 0 in most
+installations. As the default value is an empty list, the default
+environment for using libraries, running embedded Perl code, or running
+external binaries is empty, and does not not even contain PATH or HOME.
+
+Actually the list is interpreted as a list of patterns
+(&<<SECTlistexpand>>&), except that it is not expanded first.
+
+WARNING: Macro substitution is still done first, so having a macro
+FOO and having FOO_HOME in your &%keep_environment%& option may have
+unexpected results. You may work around this using a regular expression
+that does not match the macro name: ^[F]OO_HOME$.
+
+Current versions of Exim issue a warning during startup if you do not mention
+&%keep_environment%& in your runtime configuration file and if your
+current environment is not empty. Future versions may not issue that warning
+anymore.
+
+See the &%add_environment%& main config option for a way to set
+environment variables to a fixed value. The environment for &(pipe)&
+transports is handled separately, see section &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for
+details.
+
.option keep_malformed main time 4d
This option specifies the length of time to keep messages whose spool files
.option ldap_ca_cert_dir main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate directory"
+.cindex certificate "directory for LDAP"
This option indicates which directory contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_ca_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains an TLS client certificate which
Exim should present to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_key%&.
.option ldap_cert_key main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client key file"
+.cindex certificate "key for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains the secret/private key to use
to prove identity to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_file%&, which contains the
of SSL-on-connect.
In the event of failure to negotiate TLS, the action taken is controlled
by &%ldap_require_cert%&.
+This option is ignored for &`ldapi`& connections.
.option ldap_version main integer unset
This option sets the path which is used to determine the names of Exim's log
files, or indicates that logging is to be to syslog, or both. It is expanded
when Exim is entered, so it can, for example, contain a reference to the host
-name. If no specific path is set for the log files at compile or run time, they
-are written in a sub-directory called &_log_& in Exim's spool directory.
+name. If no specific path is set for the log files at compile or run time,
+or if the option is unset at run time (i.e. &`log_file_path = `&)
+they are written in a sub-directory called &_log_& in Exim's spool directory.
Chapter &<<CHAPlog>>& contains further details about Exim's logging, and
section &<<SECTwhelogwri>>& describes how the contents of &%log_file_path%& are
used. If this string is fixed at your installation (contains no expansion
maximum size that your virus-scanner is configured to support, you may get
failures triggered by large mails. The right size to configure for the
virus-scanner depends upon what data is passed and the options in use but it's
-probably safest to just set it to a little larger than this value. Eg, with a
+probably safest to just set it to a little larger than this value. E.g., with a
default Exim message size of 50M and a default ClamAV StreamMaxLength of 10M,
some problems may result.
transport driver.
-.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2"
+.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2 +single_dh_use +no_ticket"
.cindex "OpenSSL "compatibility options"
This option allows an administrator to adjust the SSL options applied
by OpenSSL to connections. It is given as a space-separated list of items,
adjusted lightly. An unrecognised item will be detected at startup, by
invoking Exim with the &%-bV%& flag.
+The option affects Exim operating both as a server and as a client.
+
Historical note: prior to release 4.80, Exim defaulted this value to
"+dont_insert_empty_fragments", which may still be needed for compatibility
with some clients, but which lowers security by increasing exposure to
some now infamous attacks.
-An example:
+Examples:
.code
# Make both old MS and old Eudora happy:
openssl_options = -all +microsoft_big_sslv3_buffer \
+dont_insert_empty_fragments
+
+# Disable older protocol versions:
+openssl_options = +no_sslv2 +no_sslv3
.endd
Possible options may include:
.option perl_at_start main boolean false
+.cindex "Perl"
This option is available only when Exim is built with an embedded Perl
interpreter. See chapter &<<CHAPperl>>& for details of its use.
.option perl_startup main string unset
+.cindex "Perl"
This option is available only when Exim is built with an embedded Perl
interpreter. See chapter &<<CHAPperl>>& for details of its use.
+.option perl_startup main boolean false
+.cindex "Perl"
+This Option enables the taint mode of the embedded Perl interpreter.
+
.option pgsql_servers main "string list" unset
.cindex "PostgreSQL lookup type" "server list"
This option can be used to enable the Per-Recipient Data Response extension
to SMTP, defined by Eric Hall.
If the option is set, PRDR is advertised by Exim when operating as a server.
-If the client requests PRDR, and more than one recipient, for a message
+If the client requests PRDR, and more than one recipient, for a message
an additional ACL is called for each recipient after the message content
-is recieved. See section &<<SECTPRDRACL>>&.
+is received. See section &<<SECTPRDRACL>>&.
.option preserve_message_logs main boolean false
.cindex "message logs" "preserving"
.option prod_requires_admin main boolean true
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
.oindex "&%-M%&"
.oindex "&%-R%&"
.oindex "&%-q%&"
The &%-M%&, &%-R%&, and &%-q%& command-line options require the caller to be an
admin user unless &%prod_requires_admin%& is set false. See also
-&%queue_list_requires_admin%&.
+&%queue_list_requires_admin%& and &%commandline_checks_require_admin%&.
.option qualify_domain main string "see below"
.option queue_list_requires_admin main boolean true
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
.oindex "&%-bp%&"
The &%-bp%& command-line option, which lists the messages that are on the
queue, requires the caller to be an admin user unless
-&%queue_list_requires_admin%& is set false. See also &%prod_requires_admin%&.
+&%queue_list_requires_admin%& is set false.
+See also &%prod_requires_admin%& and &%commandline_checks_require_admin%&.
.option queue_only main boolean false
-.option queue_run_max main integer 5
+.option queue_run_max main integer&!! 5
.cindex "queue runner" "maximum number of"
This controls the maximum number of queue runner processes that an Exim daemon
can run simultaneously. This does not mean that it starts them all at once,
run. If you do not want queue runs to occur, omit the &%-q%&&'xx'& setting on
the daemon's command line.
+.cindex queues named
+.cindex "named queues"
+To set limits for different named queues use
+an expansion depending on the &$queue_name$& variable.
+
.option queue_smtp_domains main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "queueing incoming messages"
.cindex "message" "queueing remote deliveries"
This option is an obsolete synonym for &%bounce_return_size_limit%&.
-.option rfc1413_hosts main "host list&!!" *
+.option rfc1413_hosts main "host list&!!" @[]
.cindex "RFC 1413"
.cindex "host" "for RFC 1413 calls"
-RFC 1413 identification calls are made to any client host which matches an item
-in the list.
+RFC 1413 identification calls are made to any client host which matches
+an item in the list.
+The default value specifies just this host, being any local interface
+for the system.
-.option rfc1413_query_timeout main time 5s
+.option rfc1413_query_timeout main time 0s
.cindex "RFC 1413" "query timeout"
.cindex "timeout" "for RFC 1413 call"
This sets the timeout on RFC 1413 identification calls. If it is set to zero,
&%sender_unqualified_hosts%&, or if the message was submitted locally (not
using TCP/IP), and the &%-bnq%& option was not set.
+.option set_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use. The
+default list is empty,
+
+
+.option slow_lookup_log main integer 0
+.cindex "logging" "slow lookups"
+.cindex "dns" "logging slow lookups"
+This option controls logging of slow lookups.
+If the value is nonzero it is taken as a number of milliseconds
+and lookups taking longer than this are logged.
+Currently this applies only to DNS lookups.
+
+
.option smtp_accept_keepalive main boolean true
.cindex "keepalive" "on incoming connection"
See &%smtp_ratelimit_hosts%& above.
-.option smtp_receive_timeout main time 5m
+.option smtp_receive_timeout main time&!! 5m
.cindex "timeout" "for SMTP input"
.cindex "SMTP" "input timeout"
This sets a timeout value for SMTP reception. It applies to all forms of SMTP
The former means that Exim was expecting to read an SMTP command; the latter
means that it was in the DATA phase, reading the contents of a message.
+If the first character of the option is a &"$"& the option is
+expanded before use and may depend on
+&$sender_host_name$&, &$sender_host_address$& and &$sender_host_port$&.
+
.oindex "&%-os%&"
The value set by this option can be overridden by the
550 failing address in "From" header is: <user@dom.ain
.endd
-.option spamd_address main string "see below"
+
+.option smtputf8_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
+.cindex "SMTPUTF8" "advertising"
+When Exim is built with support for internationalised mail names,
+the availability thereof is advertised in
+response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
+chapter &<<CHAPi18n>>& for details of Exim's support for internationalisation.
+
+
+.option spamd_address main string "127.0.0.1 783"
This option is available when Exim is compiled with the content-scanning
extension. It specifies how Exim connects to SpamAssassin's &%spamd%& daemon.
-The default value is
-.code
-127.0.0.1 783
-.endd
See section &<<SECTscanspamass>>& for more details.
+.new
+.option spf_guess main string "v=spf1 a/24 mx/24 ptr ?all"
+This option is available when Exim is compiled with SPF support.
+See section &<<SECSPF>>& for more details.
+.wen
+
+
+
.option split_spool_directory main boolean false
.cindex "multiple spool directories"
.cindex "spool directory" "split"
By using this option to override the compiled-in path, it is possible to run
tests of Exim without using the standard spool.
+.option spool_wireformat main boolean false
+.cindex "spool directory" "file formats"
+If this option is set, Exim may for some messages use an alternate format
+for data-files in the spool which matches the wire format.
+Doing this permits more efficient message reception and transmission.
+Currently it is only done for messages received using the EMSTP CHUNKING
+option.
+
+The following variables will not have useful values:
+.code
+$max_received_linelength
+$body_linecount
+$body_zerocount
+.endd
+
+Users of the local_scan() API (see &<<CHAPlocalscan>>&),
+and any external programs which are passed a reference to a message data file
+(except via the &"regex"&, &"malware"& or &"spam"&) ACL conditions)
+will need to be aware of the potential different format.
+
+Using any of the ACL conditions noted will negate the reception benefit
+(as a Unix-mbox-format file is constructed for them).
+The transmission benefit is maintained.
+
.option sqlite_lock_timeout main time 5s
.cindex "sqlite lookup type" "lock timeout"
This option controls the timeout that the &(sqlite)& lookup uses when trying to
details of Exim's logging.
+.option syslog_pid main boolean true
+.cindex "syslog" "pid"
+If &%syslog_pid%& is set false, the PID on Exim's log lines are
+omitted when these lines are sent to syslog. (Syslog normally prefixes
+the log lines with the PID of the logging process automatically.) You need
+to enable the &`+pid`& log selector item, if you want Exim to write it's PID
+into the logs.) See chapter &<<CHAPlog>>& for details of Exim's logging.
+
+
.option syslog_processname main string &`exim`&
.cindex "syslog" "process name; setting"
appropriate &%system_filter_..._transport%& option(s) must be set, to define
which transports are to be used. Details of this facility are given in chapter
&<<CHAPsystemfilter>>&.
+A forced expansion failure results in no filter operation.
.option system_filter_directory_transport main string&!! unset
.option timezone main string unset
.cindex "timezone, setting"
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
The value of &%timezone%& is used to set the environment variable TZ while
running Exim (if it is different on entry). This ensures that all timestamps
created by Exim are in the required timezone. If you want all your timestamps
unfortunately not all, operating systems.
-.option tls_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" unset
+.option tls_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
.cindex "TLS" "advertising"
.cindex "encryption" "on SMTP connection"
.cindex "SMTP" "encrypted connection"
of the STARTTLS command to set up an encrypted session is advertised in
response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of Exim's support for TLS.
+Note that the default value requires that a certificate be supplied
+using the &%tls_certificate%& option. If TLS support for incoming connections
+is not required the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option should be set empty.
-.option tls_certificate main string&!! unset
+.option tls_certificate main string list&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate; location of"
.cindex "certificate" "server, location of"
-The value of this option is expanded, and must then be the absolute path to a
-file which contains the server's certificates. The server's private key is also
+The value of this option is expanded, and must then be a list of absolute paths to
+files which contains the server's certificates. Commonly only one file is
+needed.
+The server's private key is also
assumed to be in this file if &%tls_privatekey%& is unset. See chapter
&<<CHAPTLS>>& for further details.
use when sending messages as a client, you must set the &%tls_certificate%&
option in the relevant &(smtp)& transport.
+&*Note*&: If you use filenames based on IP addresses, change the list
+separator in the usual way to avoid confusion under IPv6.
+
+&*Note*&: Under current versions of OpenSSL, when a list of more than one
+file is used, the &$tls_in_ourcert$& variable is unreliable.
+
+&*Note*&: OCSP stapling is not usable under OpenSSL
+when a list of more than one file is used.
+
If the option contains &$tls_out_sni$& and Exim is built against OpenSSL, then
if the OpenSSL build supports TLS extensions and the TLS client sends the
Server Name Indication extension, then this option and others documented in
&<<SECTtlssni>>& will be re-expanded.
+If this option is unset or empty a fresh self-signed certificate will be
+generated for every connection.
+
.option tls_crl main string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate revocation list"
.cindex "certificate" "revocation list for server"
This option specifies a certificate revocation list. The expanded value must
-be the name of a file that contains a CRL in PEM format.
+be the name of a file that contains CRLs in PEM format.
+
+.new
+Under OpenSSL the option can specify a directory with CRL files.
+
+&*Note:*& Under OpenSSL the option must, if given, supply a CRL
+for each signing element of the certificate chain (i.e. all but the leaf).
+For the file variant this can be multiple PEM blocks in the one file.
+.wen
See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
The value of this option is expanded and indicates the source of DH parameters
to be used by Exim.
-If it is a filename starting with a &`/`&, then it names a file from which DH
+&*Note: The Exim Maintainers strongly recommend using a filename with site-generated
+local DH parameters*&, which has been supported across all versions of Exim. The
+other specific constants available are a fallback so that even when
+"unconfigured", Exim can offer Perfect Forward Secrecy in older ciphersuites in TLS.
+
+If &%tls_dhparam%& is a filename starting with a &`/`&,
+then it names a file from which DH
parameters should be loaded. If the file exists, it should hold a PEM-encoded
PKCS#3 representation of the DH prime. If the file does not exist, for
OpenSSL it is an error. For GnuTLS, Exim will attempt to create the file and
See section &<<SECTgnutlsparam>>& for further details.
If Exim is using OpenSSL and this option is empty or unset, then Exim will load
-a default DH prime; the default is the 2048 bit prime described in section
+a default DH prime; the default is Exim-specific but lacks verifiable provenance.
+
+In older versions of Exim the default was the 2048 bit prime described in section
2.2 of RFC 5114, "2048-bit MODP Group with 224-bit Prime Order Subgroup", which
in IKE is assigned number 23.
Otherwise, the option must expand to the name used by Exim for any of a number
-of DH primes specified in RFC 2409, RFC 3526 and RFC 5114. As names, Exim uses
-"ike" followed by the number used by IKE, of "default" which corresponds to
-"ike23".
+of DH primes specified in RFC 2409, RFC 3526, RFC 5114, RFC 7919, or from other
+sources. As names, Exim uses a standard specified name, else "ike" followed by
+the number used by IKE, or "default" which corresponds to
+&`exim.dev.20160529.3`&.
-The available primes are:
+The available standard primes are:
+&`ffdhe2048`&, &`ffdhe3072`&, &`ffdhe4096`&, &`ffdhe6144`&, &`ffdhe8192`&,
&`ike1`&, &`ike2`&, &`ike5`&,
&`ike14`&, &`ike15`&, &`ike16`&, &`ike17`&, &`ike18`&,
-&`ike22`&, &`ike23`& (aka &`default`&) and &`ike24`&.
+&`ike22`&, &`ike23`& and &`ike24`&.
+
+The available additional primes are:
+&`exim.dev.20160529.1`&, &`exim.dev.20160529.2`& and &`exim.dev.20160529.3`&.
Some of these will be too small to be accepted by clients.
Some may be too large to be accepted by clients.
+The open cryptographic community has suspicions about the integrity of some
+of the later IKE values, which led into RFC7919 providing new fixed constants
+(the "ffdhe" identifiers).
+
+At this point, all of the "ike" values should be considered obsolete;
+they're still in Exim to avoid breaking unusual configurations, but are
+candidates for removal the next time we have backwards-incompatible changes.
The TLS protocol does not negotiate an acceptable size for this; clients tend
to hard-drop connections if what is offered by the server is unacceptable,
acceptable bound from 1024 to 2048.
+.option tls_eccurve main string&!! &`auto`&
+.cindex TLS "EC cryptography"
+This option selects a EC curve for use by Exim when used with OpenSSL.
+It has no effect when Exim is used with GnuTLS.
+
+After expansion it must contain a valid EC curve parameter, such as
+&`prime256v1`&, &`secp384r1`&, or &`P-512`&. Consult your OpenSSL manual
+for valid selections.
+
+For OpenSSL versions before (and not including) 1.0.2, the string
+&`auto`& selects &`prime256v1`&. For more recent OpenSSL versions
+&`auto`& tells the library to choose.
+
+If the option expands to an empty string, no EC curves will be enabled.
+
+
.option tls_ocsp_file main string&!! unset
+.cindex TLS "certificate status"
+.cindex TLS "OCSP proof file"
This option
must if set expand to the absolute path to a file which contains a current
status proof for the server's certificate, as obtained from the
Certificate Authority.
+Usable for GnuTLS 3.4.4 or 3.3.17 or OpenSSL 1.1.0 (or later).
+
+.new
+For GnuTLS 3.5.6 or later the expanded value of this option can be a list
+of files, to match a list given for the &%tls_certificate%& option.
+The ordering of the two lists must match.
+.wen
+
.option tls_on_connect_ports main "string list" unset
+.cindex SSMTP
+.cindex SMTPS
This option specifies a list of incoming SSMTP (aka SMTPS) ports that should
operate the obsolete SSMTP (SMTPS) protocol, where a TLS session is immediately
set up without waiting for the client to issue a STARTTLS command. For
-.option tls_privatekey main string&!! unset
+.option tls_privatekey main string list&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "server private key; location of"
-The value of this option is expanded, and must then be the absolute path to a
-file which contains the server's private key. If this option is unset, or if
+The value of this option is expanded, and must then be a list of absolute paths to
+files which contains the server's private keys.
+If this option is unset, or if
the expansion is forced to fail, or the result is an empty string, the private
key is assumed to be in the same file as the server's certificates. See chapter
&<<CHAPTLS>>& for further details.
See &%tls_verify_hosts%& below.
-.option tls_verify_certificates main string&!! unset
+.option tls_verify_certificates main string&!! system
.cindex "TLS" "client certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of client"
-The value of this option is expanded, and must then be the absolute path to
-a file containing permitted certificates for clients that
-match &%tls_verify_hosts%& or &%tls_try_verify_hosts%&. Alternatively, if you
-are using OpenSSL, you can set &%tls_verify_certificates%& to the name of a
-directory containing certificate files. This does not work with GnuTLS; the
-option must be set to the name of a single file if you are using GnuTLS.
+The value of this option is expanded, and must then be either the
+word "system"
+or the absolute path to
+a file or directory containing permitted certificates for clients that
+match &%tls_verify_hosts%& or &%tls_try_verify_hosts%&.
+
+The "system" value for the option will use a
+system default location compiled into the SSL library.
+This is not available for GnuTLS versions preceding 3.0.20,
+and will be taken as empty; an explicit location
+must be specified.
+
+The use of a directory for the option value is not available for GnuTLS versions
+preceding 3.3.6 and a single file must be used.
+
+With OpenSSL the certificates specified
+explicitly
+either by file or directory
+are added to those given by the system default location.
These certificates should be for the certificate authorities trusted, rather
than the public cert of individual clients. With both OpenSSL and GnuTLS, if
the value is a file then the certificates are sent by Exim as a server to
connecting clients, defining the list of accepted certificate authorities.
Thus the values defined should be considered public data. To avoid this,
-use OpenSSL with a directory.
+use the explicit directory version.
See &<<SECTtlssni>>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded.
of the other precondition options are common special cases that could in fact
be specified using &%condition%&.
+Historical note: We have &%condition%& on ACLs and on Routers. Routers
+are far older, and use one set of semantics. ACLs are newer and when
+they were created, the ACL &%condition%& process was given far stricter
+parse semantics. The &%bool{}%& expansion condition uses the same rules as
+ACLs. The &%bool_lax{}%& expansion condition uses the same rules as
+Routers. More pointedly, the &%bool_lax{}%& was written to match the existing
+Router rules processing behavior.
+
+This is best illustrated in an example:
+.code
+# If used in an ACL condition will fail with a syntax error, but
+# in a router condition any extra characters are treated as a string
+
+$ exim -be '${if eq {${lc:GOOGLE.com}} {google.com}} {yes} {no}}'
+true {yes} {no}}
+
+$ exim -be '${if eq {${lc:WHOIS.com}} {google.com}} {yes} {no}}'
+ {yes} {no}}
+.endd
+In each example above, the &%if%& statement actually ends after
+&"{google.com}}"&. Since no true or false braces were defined, the
+default &%if%& behavior is to return a boolean true or a null answer
+(which evaluates to false). The rest of the line is then treated as a
+string. So the first example resulted in the boolean answer &"true"&
+with the string &" {yes} {no}}"& appended to it. The second example
+resulted in the null output (indicating false) with the string
+&" {yes} {no}}"& appended to it.
+
+In fact you can put excess forward braces in too. In the router
+&%condition%&, Exim's parser only looks for &"{"& symbols when they
+mean something, like after a &"$"& or when required as part of a
+conditional. But otherwise &"{"& and &"}"& are treated as ordinary
+string characters.
+
+Thus, in a Router, the above expansion strings will both always evaluate
+true, as the result of expansion is a non-empty string which doesn't
+match an explicit false value. This can be tricky to debug. By
+contrast, in an ACL either of those strings will always result in an
+expansion error because the result doesn't look sufficiently boolean.
+
.option debug_print routers string&!! unset
.cindex "testing" "variables in drivers"
unless you really, really know what you are doing. See also the generic
transport option of the same name.
+.option dnssec_request_domains routers "domain list&!!" unset
+.cindex "MX record" "security"
+.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
+.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
+the dnssec request bit set.
+This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
+
+.option dnssec_require_domains routers "domain list&!!" unset
+.cindex "MX record" "security"
+.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
+.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
+.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_require_domains%& will be done with
+the dnssec request bit set. Any returns not having the Authenticated Data bit
+(AD bit) set will be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
+This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
+
.option domains routers&!? "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "router" "restricting to specific domains"
to be used.
+.option dsn_lasthop routers boolean false
+.cindex "DSN" "success"
+.cindex "Delivery Status Notification" "success"
+If this option is set true, and extended DSN (RFC3461) processing is in effect,
+Exim will not pass on DSN requests to downstream DSN-aware hosts but will
+instead send a success DSN as if the next hop does not support DSN.
+Not effective on redirect routers.
+
+
.option errors_to routers string&!! unset
.cindex "envelope sender"
.option headers_add routers list&!! unset
.cindex "header lines" "adding"
.cindex "router" "adding header lines"
-This option specifies a list of text headers, newline-separated,
+This option specifies a list of text headers,
+newline-separated (by default, changeable in the usual way),
that is associated with any addresses that are accepted by the router.
Each item is separately expanded, at routing time. However, this
option has no effect when an address is just being verified. The way in which
.option headers_remove routers list&!! unset
.cindex "header lines" "removing"
.cindex "router" "removing header lines"
-This option specifies a list of text headers, colon-separated,
+This option specifies a list of text headers,
+colon-separated (by default, changeable in the usual way),
that is associated with any addresses that are accepted by the router.
Each item is separately expanded, at routing time. However, this
option has no effect when an address is just being verified. The way in which
routers, and this can lead to problems with duplicates -- see the similar
warning for &%headers_add%& above.
+&*Warning 3*&: Because of the separate expansion of the list items,
+items that contain a list separator must have it doubled.
+To avoid this, change the list separator (&<<SECTlistsepchange>>&).
+
+
.option ignore_target_hosts routers "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "IP address" "discarding"
or testing recipient verification using &%-bv%&.
See section &<<SECTrouprecon>>& for a list of the order in which preconditions
are evaluated.
+See also the &$verify_mode$& variable.
.option verify_sender routers&!? boolean true
or testing sender verification using &%-bvs%&.
See section &<<SECTrouprecon>>& for a list of the order in which preconditions
are evaluated.
+See also the &$verify_mode$& variable.
.ecindex IIDgenoprou1
.ecindex IIDgenoprou2
MX records of equal priority are sorted by Exim into a random order. Exim then
looks for address records for the host names obtained from MX or SRV records.
When a host has more than one IP address, they are sorted into a random order,
-except that IPv6 addresses are always sorted before IPv4 addresses. If all the
+.new
+except that IPv6 addresses are sorted before IPv4 addresses. If all the
+.wen
IP addresses found are discarded by a setting of the &%ignore_target_hosts%&
generic option, the router declines.
.section "Problems with DNS lookups" "SECTprowitdnsloo"
There have been problems with DNS servers when SRV records are looked up.
-Some mis-behaving servers return a DNS error or timeout when a non-existent
+Some misbehaving servers return a DNS error or timeout when a non-existent
SRV record is sought. Similar problems have in the past been reported for
MX records. The global &%dns_again_means_nonexist%& option can help with this
problem, but it is heavy-handed because it is a global option.
an address; if such a router is expected to handle "all remaining non-local
domains", then it is important to set &%no_more%&.
+The router will defer rather than decline if the domain
+is found in the &%fail_defer_domains%& router option.
+
Reasons for a &(dnslookup)& router to decline currently include:
.ilist
The domain does not exist in DNS
-.option dnssec_request_domains dnslookup "domain list&!!" unset
-.cindex "MX record" "security"
-.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
-.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
-.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
-the dnssec request bit set.
-This applies to all of the SRV, MX A6, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
+.option fail_defer_domains dnslookup "domain list&!!" unset
+.cindex "MX record" "not found"
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%fail_defer_domains%&
+which find no matching record will cause the router to defer
+rather than the default behaviour of decline.
+This maybe be useful for queueing messages for a newly created
+domain while the DNS configuration is not ready.
+However, it will result in any message with mistyped domains
+also being queued.
-.option dnssec_require_domains dnslookup "domain list&!!" unset
-.cindex "MX record" "security"
-.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
-.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
-.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
-the dnssec request bit set. Any returns not having the Authenticated Data bit
-(AD bit) set wil be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
-This applies to all of the SRV, MX A6, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
-
-
+.new
+.option ipv4_only "string&!!" unset
+.cindex IPv6 disabling
+.cindex DNS "IPv6 disabling"
+The string is expanded, and if the result is anything but a forced failure,
+or an empty string, or one of the strings “0” or “no” or “false”
+(checked without regard to the case of the letters),
+only A records are used.
+
+.option ipv4_prefer "string&!!" unset
+.cindex IPv4 preference
+.cindex DNS "IPv4 preference"
+The string is expanded, and if the result is anything but a forced failure,
+or an empty string, or one of the strings “0” or “no” or “false”
+(checked without regard to the case of the letters),
+A records are sorted before AAAA records (inverting the default).
+.wen
.option mx_domains dnslookup "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "MX record" "required to exist"
.section "How the options are used" "SECThowoptused"
-The options are a sequence of words; in practice no more than three are ever
-present. One of the words can be the name of a transport; this overrides the
+The options are a sequence of words, space-separated.
+One of the words can be the name of a transport; this overrides the
&%transport%& option on the router for this particular routing rule only. The
other words (if present) control randomization of the list of hosts on a
per-rule basis, and how the IP addresses of the hosts are to be found when
&%bydns%&: look up address records for the hosts directly in the DNS; fail if
no address records are found. If there is a temporary DNS error (such as a
timeout), delivery is deferred.
+.new
+.next
+&%ipv4_only%&: in direct DNS lookups, look up only A records.
+.next
+&%ipv4_prefer%&: in direct DNS lookups, sort A records before AAAA records.
+.wen
.endlist
For example:
lookup first. Only if that gives a definite &"no such host"& is the local
function called.
+&*Compatibility*&: From Exim 4.85 until fixed for 4.90, there was an
+inadvertent constraint that a transport name as an option had to be the last
+option specified.
+
If no IP address for a host can be found, what happens is controlled by the
files and pipes, and for generating autoreplies. See the &%file_transport%&,
&%pipe_transport%& and &%reply_transport%& descriptions below.
+If success DSNs have been requested
+.cindex "DSN" "success"
+.cindex "Delivery Status Notification" "success"
+redirection triggers one and the DSN options are not passed any further.
+
.section "Redirection data" "SECID124"
.endd
.next
.cindex "address redirection" "to black hole"
-Sometimes you want to throw away mail to a particular local part. Making the
-&%data%& option expand to an empty string does not work, because that causes
-the router to decline. Instead, the alias item
+.cindex "delivery" "discard"
+.cindex "delivery" "blackhole"
.cindex "black hole"
.cindex "abandoning mail"
-&':blackhole:'& can be used. It does what its name implies. No delivery is
-done, and no error message is generated. This has the same effect as specifing
+Sometimes you want to throw away mail to a particular local part. Making the
+&%data%& option expand to an empty string does not work, because that causes
+the router to decline. Instead, the alias item
+.code
+:blackhole:
+.endd
+can be used. It does what its name implies. No delivery is
+done, and no error message is generated. This has the same effect as specifying
&_/dev/null_& as a destination, but it can be independently disabled.
&*Warning*&: If &':blackhole:'& appears anywhere in a redirection list, no
.option forbid_blackhole redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, the &':blackhole:'& item may not appear in a
redirection list.
.option forbid_exim_filter redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is set true, only Sieve filters are permitted when
&%allow_filter%& is true.
.option forbid_file redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
.cindex "delivery" "to file; forbidding"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
.cindex "Sieve filter" "forbidding delivery to a file"
.cindex "Sieve filter" "&""keep""& facility; disabling"
If this option is true, this router may not generate a new address that
.option forbid_filter_dlfunc redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filters are not allowed to
make use of the &%dlfunc%& expansion facility to run dynamically loaded
functions.
.option forbid_filter_existstest redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
.cindex "expansion" "statting a file"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filters are not allowed to
make use of the &%exists%& condition or the &%stat%& expansion item.
.option forbid_filter_logwrite redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, use of the logging facility in Exim filters is not
permitted. Logging is in any case available only if the filter is being run
under some unprivileged uid (which is normally the case for ordinary users'
.option forbid_filter_lookup redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filter files are not allowed
to make use of &%lookup%& items.
.option forbid_filter_perl redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
This option has an effect only if Exim is built with embedded Perl support. If
it is true, string expansions in Exim filter files are not allowed to make use
of the embedded Perl support.
.option forbid_filter_readfile redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filter files are not allowed
to make use of &%readfile%& items.
.option forbid_filter_readsocket redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filter files are not allowed
to make use of &%readsocket%& items.
.option forbid_filter_reply redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, this router may not generate an automatic reply
message. Automatic replies can be generated only from Exim or Sieve filter
files, not from traditional forward files. This option is forced to be true if
.option forbid_filter_run redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, string expansions in Exim filter files are not allowed
to make use of &%run%& items.
.option forbid_include redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is true, items of the form
.code
:include:<path name>
.option forbid_pipe redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
.cindex "delivery" "to pipe; forbidding"
If this option is true, this router may not generate a new address which
specifies delivery to a pipe, either from an Exim filter or from a conventional
.option forbid_sieve_filter redirect boolean false
+.cindex "restricting access to features"
+.cindex "filter" "locking out certain features"
If this option is set true, only Exim filters are permitted when
&%allow_filter%& is true.
.chapter "Environment for running local transports" "CHAPenvironment" &&&
"Environment for local transports"
.scindex IIDenvlotra1 "local transports" "environment for"
-.scindex IIDenvlotra2 "environment for local transports"
+.scindex IIDenvlotra2 "environment" "local transports"
.scindex IIDenvlotra3 "transport" "local; environment for"
Local transports handle deliveries to files and pipes. (The &(autoreply)&
transport can be thought of as similar to a pipe.) Exim always runs transports
resent to other recipients.
+.option event_action transports string&!! unset
+.cindex events
+This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
+For details see chapter &<<CHAPevents>>&.
+
+
.option group transports string&!! "Exim group"
.cindex "transport" "group; specifying"
This option specifies a gid for running the transport process, overriding any
.option headers_add transports list&!! unset
.cindex "header lines" "adding in transport"
.cindex "transport" "header lines; adding"
-This option specifies a list of text headers, newline-separated,
+This option specifies a list of text headers,
+newline-separated (by default, changeable in the usual way),
which are (separately) expanded and added to the header
portion of a message as it is transported, as described in section
&<<SECTheadersaddrem>>&. Additional header lines can also be specified by
.option headers_remove transports list&!! unset
.cindex "header lines" "removing"
.cindex "transport" "header lines; removing"
-This option specifies a list of header names, colon-separated;
+This option specifies a list of header names,
+colon-separated (by default, changeable in the usual way);
these headers are omitted from the message as it is transported, as described
in section &<<SECTheadersaddrem>>&. Header removal can also be specified by
routers.
errors and cause the delivery to be deferred.
Unlike most options, &%headers_remove%& can be specified multiple times
-for a router; all listed headers are removed.
+for a transport; all listed headers are removed.
+
+&*Warning*&: Because of the separate expansion of the list items,
+items that contain a list separator must have it doubled.
+To avoid this, change the list separator (&<<SECTlistsepchange>>&).
to ensure that any additional groups associated with the uid are set up.
+.option max_parallel transports integer&!! unset
+.cindex limit "transport parallelism"
+.cindex transport "parallel processes"
+.cindex transport "concurrency limit"
+.cindex "delivery" "parallelism for transport"
+If this option is set and expands to an integer greater than zero
+it limits the number of concurrent runs of the transport.
+The control does not apply to shadow transports.
+
+.cindex "hints database" "transport concurrency control"
+Exim implements this control by means of a hints database in which a record is
+incremented whenever a transport process is being created. The record
+is decremented and possibly removed when the process terminates.
+Obviously there is scope for
+records to get left lying around if there is a system or program crash. To
+guard against this, Exim ignores any records that are more than six hours old.
+
+If you use this option, you should also arrange to delete the
+relevant hints database whenever your system reboots. The names of the files
+start with &_misc_& and they are kept in the &_spool/db_& directory. There
+may be one or two files, depending on the type of DBM in use. The same files
+are used for ETRN and smtp transport serialization.
+
+
.option message_size_limit transports string&!! 0
.cindex "limit" "message size per transport"
.cindex "size" "of message, limit"
This option sets up a filtering (in the Unix shell sense) process for messages
at transport time. It should not be confused with mail filtering as set up by
individual users or via a system filter.
+If unset, or expanding to an empty string, no filtering is done.
When the message is about to be written out, the command specified by
&%transport_filter%& is started up in a separate, parallel process, and
The value of the option is expanded, and must then be a numerical value
(decimal point allowed), optionally followed by one of the letters K, M, or G,
-for kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes. If Exim is running on a system with
+for kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, optionally followed by a slash
+and further option modifiers. If Exim is running on a system with
large file support (Linux and FreeBSD have this), mailboxes larger than 2G can
be handled.
+The option modifier &%no_check%& can be used to force delivery even if the over
+quota condition is met. The quota gets updated as usual.
+
&*Note*&: A value of zero is interpreted as &"no quota"&.
The expansion happens while Exim is running as root, before it changes uid for
failure causes delivery to be deferred. A value of zero is interpreted as
&"no quota"&.
+The option modifier &%no_check%& can be used to force delivery even if the over
+quota condition is met. The quota gets updated as usual.
.option quota_is_inclusive appendfile boolean true
See &%quota%& above.
delivery, the two pipe transports may be run concurrently. You must ensure that
any pipe commands you set up are robust against this happening. If the commands
write to a file, the &%exim_lock%& utility might be of use.
+Alternatively the &%max_parallel%& option could be used with a value
+of "1" to enforce serialization.
.section "Environment variables" "SECTpipeenv"
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport" "environment for command"
-.cindex "environment for pipe transport"
+.cindex "environment" "&(pipe)& transport"
The environment variables listed below are set up when the command is invoked.
This list is a compromise for maximum compatibility with other MTAs. Note that
the &%environment%& option can be used to add additional variables to this
-environment.
+environment. The environment for the &(pipe)& transport is not subject
+to the &%add_environment%& and &%keep_environment%& main config options.
.display
&`DOMAIN `& the domain of the address
&`HOME `& the home directory, if set
.option environment pipe string&!! unset
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport" "environment for command"
-.cindex "environment for &(pipe)& transport"
+.cindex "environment" "&(pipe)& transport"
This option is used to add additional variables to the environment in which the
command runs (see section &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for the default list). Its value is
a string which is expanded, and then interpreted as a colon-separated list of
&%force_command%& is set, expanding out to the original argument vector as
separate items, similarly to a Unix shell &`"$@"`& construct.
+
.option ignore_status pipe boolean false
If this option is true, the status returned by the subprocess that is set up to
run the command is ignored, and Exim behaves as if zero had been returned.
&*Note*&: This option does not apply to timeouts, which do not return a status.
See the &%timeout_defer%& option for how timeouts are handled.
+
.option log_defer_output pipe boolean false
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport" "logging output"
If this option is set, and the status returned by the command is
one of the codes listed in &%temp_errors%& (that is, delivery was deferred),
-and any output was produced, the first line of it is written to the main log.
+and any output was produced on stdout or stderr, the first line of it is
+written to the main log.
.option log_fail_output pipe boolean false
-If this option is set, and the command returns any output, and also ends with a
-return code that is neither zero nor one of the return codes listed in
-&%temp_errors%& (that is, the delivery failed), the first line of output is
-written to the main log. This option and &%log_output%& are mutually exclusive.
-Only one of them may be set.
-
+If this option is set, and the command returns any output on stdout or
+stderr, and also ends with a return code that is neither zero nor one of
+the return codes listed in &%temp_errors%& (that is, the delivery
+failed), the first line of output is written to the main log. This
+option and &%log_output%& are mutually exclusive. Only one of them may
+be set.
.option log_output pipe boolean false
-If this option is set and the command returns any output, the first line of
-output is written to the main log, whatever the return code. This option and
-&%log_fail_output%& are mutually exclusive. Only one of them may be set.
-
+If this option is set and the command returns any output on stdout or
+stderr, the first line of output is written to the main log, whatever
+the return code. This option and &%log_fail_output%& are mutually
+exclusive. Only one of them may be set.
.option max_output pipe integer 20K
&`\n`& to &`\r\n`& in &%message_suffix%&.
-.option path pipe string "see below"
-This option specifies the string that is set up in the PATH environment
-variable of the subprocess. The default is:
-.code
-/bin:/usr/bin
-.endd
+.option path pipe string&!! "/bin:/usr/bin"
+This option is expanded and
+specifies the string that is set up in the PATH environment
+variable of the subprocess.
If the &%command%& option does not yield an absolute path name, the command is
sought in the PATH directories, in the usual way. &*Warning*&: This does not
apply to a command specified as a transport filter.
of the message. Its value must not be zero. See also &%final_timeout%&.
+.option dkim_domain smtp string list&!! unset
+.option dkim_selector smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_canon smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_strict smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_sign_headers smtp string&!! "per RFC"
+.option dkim_hash smtp string&!! sha256
+.option dkim_identity smtp string&!! unset
+DKIM signing options. For details see section &<<SECDKIMSIGN>>&.
+
+
.option delay_after_cutoff smtp boolean true
This option controls what happens when all remote IP addresses for a given
domain have been inaccessible for so long that they have passed their retry
.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
the dnssec request bit set.
-This applies to all of the SRV, MX A6, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
+This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_require_domains%& will be done with
the dnssec request bit set. Any returns not having the Authenticated Data bit
-(AD bit) set wil be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
-This applies to all of the SRV, MX A6, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
+(AD bit) set will be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
+This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
Exim will not try to start a TLS session when delivering to any host that
matches this list. See chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS.
-.option hosts_verify_avoid_tls smtp "host list&!!" *
+.option hosts_verify_avoid_tls smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "avoiding for certain hosts"
Exim will not try to start a TLS session for a verify callout,
or when delivering in cutthrough mode,
to any host that matches this list.
-Note that the default is to not use TLS.
.option hosts_max_try smtp integer 5
message on the same connection. See section &<<SECTmulmessam>>& for an
explanation of when this might be needed.
+.option hosts_noproxy_tls smtp "host list&!!" *
+.cindex "TLS" "passing connection"
+.cindex "multiple SMTP deliveries"
+.cindex "TLS" "multiple message deliveries"
+For any host that matches this list, a TLS session which has
+been started will not be passed to a new delivery process for sending another
+message on the same session.
+
+The traditional implementation closes down TLS and re-starts it in the new
+process, on the same open TCP connection, for each successive message
+sent. If permitted by this option a pipe to to the new process is set up
+instead, and the original process maintains the TLS connection and proxies
+the SMTP connection from and to the new process and any subsequents.
+The new process has no access to TLS information, so cannot include it in
+logging.
+
+
.option hosts_override smtp boolean false
If this option is set and the &%hosts%& option is also set, any hosts that are
TLS session for any host that matches this list.
&%tls_verify_certificates%& should also be set for the transport.
+.new
+.option hosts_require_dane smtp "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex DANE "transport options"
+.cindex DANE "requiring for certain servers"
+If built with DANE support, Exim will require that a DNSSEC-validated
+TLSA record is present for any host matching the list,
+and that a DANE-verified TLS connection is made.
+There will be no fallback to in-clear communication.
+See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
+.wen
+
.option hosts_require_ocsp smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "requiring for certain servers"
Exim will request, and check for a valid Certificate Status being given, on a
unauthenticated. See also &%hosts_require_auth%&, and chapter
&<<CHAPSMTPAUTH>>& for details of authentication.
-.option hosts_try_prdr smtp "host list&!!" unset
+.option hosts_try_chunking smtp "host list&!!" *
+.cindex CHUNKING "enabling, in client"
+.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
+.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
+This option provides a list of servers to which, provided they announce
+CHUNKING support, Exim will attempt to use BDAT commands rather than DATA.
+BDAT will not be used in conjunction with a transport filter.
+
+.new
+.option hosts_try_dane smtp "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex DANE "transport options"
+.cindex DANE "attempting for certain servers"
+If built with DANE support, Exim will lookup a
+TLSA record for any host matching the list.
+If found and verified by DNSSEC,
+a DANE-verified TLS connection is made to that host;
+there will be no fallback to in-clear communication.
+See section &<<SECDANE>>&.
+.wen
+
+.option hosts_try_fastopen smtp "host list&!!" unset
+.cindex "fast open, TCP" "enabling, in client"
+.cindex "TCP Fast Open" "enabling, in client"
+.cindex "RFC 7413" "TCP Fast Open"
+This option provides a list of servers to which, provided
+the facility is supported by this system, Exim will attempt to
+perform a TCP Fast Open.
+No data is sent on the SYN segment but, if the remote server also
+supports the facility, it can send its SMTP banner immediately after
+the SYN,ACK segment. This can save up to one round-trip time.
+
+The facility is only active for previously-contacted servers,
+as the initiator must present a cookie in the SYN segment.
+
+On (at least some) current Linux distributions the facility must be enabled
+in the kernel by the sysadmin before the support is usable.
+There is no option for control of the server side; if the system supports
+it it is always enabled. Note that lengthy operations in the connect ACL,
+such as DNSBL lookups, will still delay the emission of the SMTP banner.
+
+.option hosts_try_prdr smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex "PRDR" "enabling, optional in client"
This option provides a list of servers to which, provided they announce
PRDR support, Exim will attempt to negotiate PRDR
for multi-recipient messages.
+The option can usually be left as default.
.option interface smtp "string list&!!" unset
.cindex "bind IP address"
permits this.
-.option multi_domain smtp boolean true
+.option multi_domain smtp boolean&!! true
.vindex "&$domain$&"
When this option is set, the &(smtp)& transport can handle a number of
addresses containing a mixture of different domains provided they all resolve
&$domain$& in an expansion for the transport, because it is set only when there
is a single domain involved in a remote delivery.
+It is expanded per-address and can depend on any of
+&$address_data$&, &$domain_data$&, &$local_part_data$&,
+&$host$&, &$host_address$& and &$host_port$&.
.option port smtp string&!! "see below"
.cindex "port" "sending TCP/IP"
deliveries into closed message stores. Exim also has support for running LMTP
over a pipe to a local process &-- see chapter &<<CHAPLMTP>>&.
-If this option is set to &"smtps"&, the default vaule for the &%port%& option
+If this option is set to &"smtps"&, the default value for the &%port%& option
changes to &"smtps"&, and the transport initiates TLS immediately after
connecting, as an outbound SSL-on-connect, instead of using STARTTLS to upgrade.
The Internet standards bodies strongly discourage use of this mode.
-.option retry_include_ip_address smtp boolean true
+.option retry_include_ip_address smtp boolean&!! true
Exim normally includes both the host name and the IP address in the key it
constructs for indexing retry data after a temporary delivery failure. This
means that when one of several IP addresses for a host is failing, it gets
However, in some dialup environments hosts are assigned a different IP address
each time they connect. In this situation the use of the IP address as part of
the retry key leads to undesirable behaviour. Setting this option false causes
-Exim to use only the host name. This should normally be done on a separate
-instance of the &(smtp)& transport, set up specially to handle the dialup
-hosts.
+Exim to use only the host name.
+Since it is expanded it can be made to depend on the host or domain.
.option serialize_hosts smtp "host list&!!" unset
may be one or two files, depending on the type of DBM in use. The same files
are used for ETRN serialization.
+See also the &%max_parallel%& generic transport option.
+
.option size_addition smtp integer 1024
.cindex "SMTP" "SIZE"
the use of the SIZE option altogether.
+.option socks_proxy smtp string&!! unset
+.cindex proxy SOCKS
+This option enables use of SOCKS proxies for connections made by the
+transport. For details see section &<<SECTproxySOCKS>>&.
+
+
.option tls_certificate smtp string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "client certificate, location of"
.cindex "certificate" "client, location of"
in clear.
-.option tls_try_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!! unset
+.option tls_try_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
This option gives a list of hosts for which, on encrypted connections,
The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must also be set.
Note that unless the host is in this list
TLS connections will be denied to hosts using self-signed certificates
-when &%tls_verify_certificates%& is set.
+when &%tls_verify_certificates%& is matched.
The &$tls_out_certificate_verified$& variable is set when
certificate verification succeeds.
-.option tls_verify_certificates smtp string&!! unset
+.option tls_verify_cert_hostnames smtp "host list&!!" *
+.cindex "TLS" "server certificate hostname verification"
+.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
+This option give a list of hosts for which,
+while verifying the server certificate,
+checks will be included on the host name
+(note that this will generally be the result of a DNS MX lookup)
+versus Subject and Subject-Alternate-Name fields. Wildcard names are permitted
+limited to being the initial component of a 3-or-more component FQDN.
+
+There is no equivalent checking on client certificates.
+
+
+.option tls_verify_certificates smtp string&!! system
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
.vindex "&$host$&"
.vindex "&$host_address$&"
-The value of this option must be the absolute path to a file containing
-permitted server certificates, for use when setting up an encrypted connection.
-Alternatively, if you are using OpenSSL, you can set
-&%tls_verify_certificates%& to the name of a directory containing certificate
-files. This does not work with GnuTLS; the option must be set to the name of a
-single file if you are using GnuTLS. The values of &$host$& and
+The value of this option must be either the
+word "system"
+or the absolute path to
+a file or directory containing permitted certificates for servers,
+for use when setting up an encrypted connection.
+
+The "system" value for the option will use a location compiled into the SSL library.
+This is not available for GnuTLS versions preceding 3.0.20; a value of "system"
+is taken as empty and an explicit location
+must be specified.
+
+The use of a directory for the option value is not available for GnuTLS versions
+preceding 3.3.6 and a single file must be used.
+
+With OpenSSL the certificates specified
+explicitly
+either by file or directory
+are added to those given by the system default location.
+
+The values of &$host$& and
&$host_address$& are set to the name and address of the server during the
expansion of this option. See chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS.
-For back-compatability,
+For back-compatibility,
if neither tls_verify_hosts nor tls_try_verify_hosts are set
+(a single-colon empty list counts as being set)
and certificate verification fails the TLS connection is closed.
-.option tls_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!! unset
+.option tls_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
-This option gives a list of hosts for which. on encrypted connections,
+This option gives a list of hosts for which, on encrypted connections,
certificate verification must succeed.
The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must also be set.
If both this option and &%tls_try_verify_hosts%& are unset
2822 address, including the angle brackets if necessary. If text outside angle
brackets contains a character whose value is greater than 126 or less than 32
(except for tab), the text is encoded according to RFC 2047. The character set
-is taken from &%headers_charset%&, which defaults to ISO-8859-1.
+is taken from &%headers_charset%&, which gets its default at build time.
When the &"w"& flag is set on a rule that causes an envelope address to be
rewritten, all but the working part of the replacement address is discarded.
legitimate reasons for this (host died, network died), but if it repeats a lot
for the same host, it indicates something odd.
+.vitem &%lookup%&
+A DNS lookup for a host failed.
+Note that a &%dnslookup%& router will need to have matched
+its &%fail_defer_domains%& option for this retry type to be usable.
+Also note that a &%manualroute%& router will probably need
+its &%host_find_failed%& option set to &%defer%&.
+
.vitem &%refused_MX%&
A connection to a host obtained from an MX record was refused.
AUTH_HEIMDAL_GSSAPI=yes
AUTH_PLAINTEXT=yes
AUTH_SPA=yes
+AUTH_TLS=yes
.endd
in &_Local/Makefile_&, respectively. The first of these supports the CRAM-MD5
authentication mechanism (RFC 2195), and the second provides an interface to
the PLAIN authentication mechanism (RFC 2595) or the LOGIN mechanism, which is
not formally documented, but used by several MUAs. The seventh authenticator
supports Microsoft's &'Secure Password Authentication'& mechanism.
+The eighth is an Exim authenticator but not an SMTP one;
+instead it can use information from a TLS negotiation.
The authenticators are configured using the same syntax as other drivers (see
section &<<SECTfordricon>>&). If no authenticators are required, no
.option client_set_id authenticators string&!! unset
When client authentication succeeds, this condition is expanded; the
-result is used in the log lines for outbound messasges.
+result is used in the log lines for outbound messages.
Typically it will be the user name used for authentication.
client from which the message was received. This variable is empty if there was
no successful authentication.
+.new
+.cindex authentication "expansion item"
+Successful authentication sets up information used by the
+&$authresults$& expansion item.
+.wen
+
deliver the message unauthenticated.
.endlist
+Note that the hostlist test for whether to do authentication can be
+confused if name-IP lookups change between the time the peer is decided
+on and the transport running. For example, with a manualroute
+router given a host name, and DNS "round-robin" use by that name: if
+the local resolver cache times out between the router and the transport
+running, the transport may get an IP for the name for its authentication
+check which does not match the connection peer IP.
+No authentication will then be done, despite the names being identical.
+
+For such cases use a separate transport which always authenticates.
+
.cindex "AUTH" "on MAIL command"
When Exim has authenticated itself to a remote server, it adds the AUTH
parameter to the MAIL commands it sends, if it has an authenticated sender for
driver = cram_md5
public_name = CRAM-MD5
server_secret = ${lookup{$auth1:mail.example.org:userPassword}\
- dbmjz{/etc/sasldb2}}
+ dbmjz{/etc/sasldb2}{$value}fail}
server_set_id = $auth1
.endd
.option server_service heimdal_gssapi string&!! "smtp"
This option specifies the service identifier used, in conjunction with
-&%server_hostname%&, for building the identifer for finding credentials
+&%server_hostname%&, for building the identifier for finding credentials
from the keytab.
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "The tls authenticator" "CHAPtlsauth"
+.scindex IIDtlsauth1 "&(tls)& authenticator"
+.scindex IIDtlsauth2 "authenticators" "&(tls)&"
+.cindex "authentication" "Client Certificate"
+.cindex "authentication" "X509"
+.cindex "Certificate-based authentication"
+The &(tls)& authenticator provides server support for
+authentication based on client certificates.
+
+It is not an SMTP authentication mechanism and is not
+advertised by the server as part of the SMTP EHLO response.
+It is an Exim authenticator in the sense that it affects
+the protocol element of the log line, can be tested for
+by the &%authenticated%& ACL condition, and can set
+the &$authenticated_id$& variable.
+
+The client must present a verifiable certificate,
+for which it must have been requested via the
+&%tls_verify_hosts%& or &%tls_try_verify_hosts%& main options
+(see &<<CHAPTLS>>&).
+
+If an authenticator of this type is configured it is
+run before any SMTP-level communication is done,
+and can authenticate the connection.
+If it does, SMTP authentication is not offered.
+
+A maximum of one authenticator of this type may be present.
+
+
+.cindex "options" "&(tls)& authenticator (server)"
+The &(tls)& authenticator has three server options:
+
+.option server_param1 tls string&!! unset
+.cindex "variables (&$auth1$& &$auth2$& etc)" "in &(tls)& authenticator"
+This option is expanded after the TLS negotiation and
+the result is placed in &$auth1$&.
+If the expansion is forced to fail, authentication fails. Any other expansion
+failure causes a temporary error code to be returned.
+
+.option server_param2 tls string&!! unset
+.option server_param3 tls string&!! unset
+As above, for &$auth2$& and &$auth3$&.
+
+&%server_param1%& may also be spelled &%server_param%&.
+
+
+Example:
+.code
+tls:
+ driver = tls
+ server_param1 = ${certextract {subj_altname,mail,>:} \
+ {$tls_in_peercert}}
+ server_condition = ${if forany {$auth1} \
+ {!= {0} \
+ {${lookup ldap{ldap:///\
+ mailname=${quote_ldap_dn:${lc:$item}},\
+ ou=users,LDAP_DC?mailid} {$value}{0} \
+ } } } }
+ server_set_id = ${if = {1}{${listcount:$auth1}} {$auth1}{}}
+.endd
+This accepts a client certificate that is verifiable against any
+of your configured trust-anchors
+(which usually means the full set of public CAs)
+and which has a SAN with a good account name.
+Note that the client cert is on the wire in-clear, including the SAN,
+whereas a plaintext SMTP AUTH done inside TLS is not.
+
+. An alternative might use
+. .code
+. server_param1 = ${sha256:$tls_in_peercert}
+. .endd
+. to require one of a set of specific certs that define a given account
+. (the verification is still required, but mostly irrelevant).
+. This would help for per-device use.
+.
+. However, for the future we really need support for checking a
+. user cert in LDAP - which probably wants a base-64 DER.
+
+.ecindex IIDtlsauth1
+.ecindex IIDtlsauth2
+
+
+Note that because authentication is traditionally an SMTP operation,
+the &%authenticated%& ACL condition cannot be used in
+a connect- or helo-ACL.
+
+
+
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.section "Support for the legacy &""ssmtp""& (aka &""smtps""&) protocol" &&&
+.section "Support for the &""submissions""& (aka &""ssmtp""& and &""smtps""&) protocol" &&&
"SECID284"
+.cindex "submissions protocol"
.cindex "ssmtp protocol"
.cindex "smtps protocol"
+.cindex "SMTP" "submissions protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "ssmtp protocol"
.cindex "SMTP" "smtps protocol"
-Early implementations of encrypted SMTP used a different TCP port from normal
-SMTP, and expected an encryption negotiation to start immediately, instead of
-waiting for a STARTTLS command from the client using the standard SMTP
-port. The protocol was called &"ssmtp"& or &"smtps"&, and port 465 was
-allocated for this purpose.
-
-This approach was abandoned when encrypted SMTP was standardized, but there are
-still some legacy clients that use it. Exim supports these clients by means of
-the &%tls_on_connect_ports%& global option. Its value must be a list of port
-numbers; the most common use is expected to be:
+The history of port numbers for TLS in SMTP is a little messy and has been
+contentious. As of RFC 8314, the common practice of using the historically
+allocated port 465 for "email submission but with TLS immediately upon connect
+instead of using STARTTLS" is officially blessed by the IETF, and recommended
+in preference to STARTTLS.
+
+The name originally assigned to the port was &"ssmtp"& or &"smtps"&, but as
+clarity emerged over the dual roles of SMTP, for MX delivery and Email
+Submission, nomenclature has shifted. The modern name is now &"submissions"&.
+
+This approach was, for a while, officially abandoned when encrypted SMTP was
+standardized, but many clients kept using it, even as the TCP port number was
+reassigned for other use.
+Thus you may encounter guidance claiming that you shouldn't enable use of
+this port.
+In practice, a number of mail-clients have only supported submissions, not
+submission with STARTTLS upgrade.
+Ideally, offer both submission (587) and submissions (465) service.
+
+Exim supports TLS-on-connect by means of the &%tls_on_connect_ports%&
+global option. Its value must be a list of port numbers;
+the most common use is expected to be:
.code
tls_on_connect_ports = 465
.endd
defined elsewhere.
There is also a &%-tls-on-connect%& command line option. This overrides
-&%tls_on_connect_ports%&; it forces the legacy behaviour for all ports.
+&%tls_on_connect_ports%&; it forces the TLS-only behaviour for all ports.
There are some differences in usage when using GnuTLS instead of OpenSSL:
.ilist
-The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must contain the name of a file, not the
-name of a directory (for OpenSSL it can be either).
+The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option
+cannot be the path of a directory
+for GnuTLS versions before 3.3.6
+(for later versions, or OpenSSL, it can be either).
.next
The default value for &%tls_dhparam%& differs for historical reasons.
.next
(If an API is found to let OpenSSL be configured in this way,
let the Exim Maintainers know and we'll likely use it).
.next
+With GnuTLS, if an explicit list is used for the &%tls_privatekey%& main option
+main option, it must be ordered to match the &%tls_certificate%& list.
+.next
Some other recently added features may only be available in one or the other.
This should be documented with the feature. If the documentation does not
explicitly state that the feature is infeasible in the other TLS
{HIGH:!MD5:!SHA1}}
.endd
+This example will prefer ECDSA-authenticated ciphers over RSA ones:
+.code
+tls_require_ciphers = ECDSA:RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT
+.endd
.section "Requiring specific ciphers or other parameters in GnuTLS" &&&
as part of the &[gnutls_priority_init]& function. This is very similar to the
ciphersuite specification in OpenSSL.
-The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is treated as the GnuTLS priority string.
+The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is treated as the GnuTLS priority string
+and controls both protocols and ciphers.
The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is available both as an global option,
controlling how Exim behaves as a server, and also as an option of the
&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html),
but beware that this relates to GnuTLS 3, which may be newer than the version
installed on your system. If you are using GnuTLS 3,
-&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Listing-the-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string, then the example code)
+then the example code
+&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Listing-the-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string)
on that site can be used to test a given string.
+For example:
+.code
+# Disable older versions of protocols
+tls_require_ciphers = NORMAL:%LATEST_RECORD_VERSION:-VERS-SSL3.0
+.endd
+
Prior to Exim 4.80, an older API of GnuTLS was used, and Exim supported three
additional options, "&%gnutls_require_kx%&", "&%gnutls_require_mac%&" and
"&%gnutls_require_protocols%&". &%tls_require_ciphers%& was an Exim list.
.cindex "TLS" "configuring an Exim server"
When Exim has been built with TLS support, it advertises the availability of
the STARTTLS command to client hosts that match &%tls_advertise_hosts%&,
-but not to any others. The default value of this option is unset, which means
-that STARTTLS is not advertised at all. This default is chosen because you
-need to set some other options in order to make TLS available, and also it is
-sensible for systems that want to use TLS only as a client.
+but not to any others. The default value of this option is *, which means
+that STARTTLS is always advertised. Set it to blank to never advertise;
+this is reasonable for systems that want to use TLS only as a client.
+
+If STARTTLS is to be used you
+need to set some other options in order to make TLS available.
If a client issues a STARTTLS command and there is some configuration
problem in the server, the command is rejected with a 454 error. If the client
If a STARTTLS command is issued within an existing TLS session, it is
rejected with a 554 error code.
-To enable TLS operations on a server, you must set &%tls_advertise_hosts%& to
-match some hosts. You can, of course, set it to * to match all hosts.
-However, this is not all you need to do. TLS sessions to a server won't work
-without some further configuration at the server end.
+To enable TLS operations on a server, the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option
+must be set to match some hosts. The default is * which matches all hosts.
-It is rumoured that all existing clients that support TLS/SSL use RSA
-encryption. To make this work you need to set, in the server,
+If this is all you do, TLS encryption will be enabled but not authentication -
+meaning that the peer has no assurance it is actually you he is talking to.
+You gain protection from a passive sniffer listening on the wire but not
+from someone able to intercept the communication.
+
+Further protection requires some further configuration at the server end.
+
+To make TLS work you need to set, in the server,
.code
tls_certificate = /some/file/name
tls_privatekey = /some/file/name
These options are, in fact, expanded strings, so you can make them depend on
the identity of the client that is connected if you wish. The first file
contains the server's X509 certificate, and the second contains the private key
-that goes with it. These files need to be readable by the Exim user, and must
-always be given as full path names. They can be the same file if both the
+that goes with it. These files need to be
+PEM format and readable by the Exim user, and must
+always be given as full path names.
+The key must not be password-protected.
+They can be the same file if both the
certificate and the key are contained within it. If &%tls_privatekey%& is not
set, or if its expansion is forced to fail or results in an empty string, this
is assumed to be the case. The certificate file may also contain intermediate
certificates that need to be sent to the client to enable it to authenticate
the server's certificate.
+For dual-stack (eg. RSA and ECDSA) configurations, these options can be
+colon-separated lists of file paths. Ciphers using given authentication
+algorithms require the presence of a suitable certificate to supply the
+public-key. The server selects among the certificates to present to the
+client depending on the selected cipher, hence the priority ordering for
+ciphers will affect which certificate is used.
+
If you do not understand about certificates and keys, please try to find a
source of this background information, which is not Exim-specific. (There are a
few comments below in section &<<SECTcerandall>>&.)
apply to all TLS connections. For any host that matches one of these options,
Exim requests a certificate as part of the setup of the TLS session. The
contents of the certificate are verified by comparing it with a list of
-expected certificates. These must be available in a file or,
-for OpenSSL only (not GnuTLS), a directory, identified by
+expected certificates.
+These may be the system default set (depending on library version),
+an explicit file or,
+depending on library version, a directory, identified by
&%tls_verify_certificates%&.
A file can contain multiple certificates, concatenated end to end. If a
of the option is expanded and must then be the name of a file that contains a
CRL in PEM format.
The downside is that clients have to periodically re-download a potentially huge
-file from every certificate authority the know of.
+file from every certificate authority they know of.
The way with most moving parts at query time is Online Certificate
Status Protocol (OCSP), where the client verifies the certificate
proof expires. The downside is that it requires server support.
Unless Exim is built with the support disabled,
-or with GnuTLS earlier than version 3.1.3,
+or with GnuTLS earlier than version 3.3.16 / 3.4.8
support for OCSP stapling is included.
There is a global option called &%tls_ocsp_file%&.
&%tls_verify_hosts%& or &%tls_try_verify_hosts%& matches the client.
If the &%tls_verify_certificates%& option is set on the &(smtp)& transport, it
-must name a file or,
-for OpenSSL only (not GnuTLS), a directory, that contains a collection of
-expected server certificates. The client verifies the server's certificate
+specifies a collection of expected server certificates.
+These may be
+the system default set (depending on library version),
+a file,
+or (depending on library version) a directory.
+The client verifies the server's certificate
against this collection, taking into account any revoked certificates that are
in the list defined by &%tls_crl%&.
Failure to verify fails the TLS connection unless either of the
within and possibly choose to use different certificates and keys (and more)
for this session.
-This is analagous to HTTP's &"Host:"& header, and is the main mechanism by
+This is analogous to HTTP's &"Host:"& header, and is the main mechanism by
which HTTPS-enabled web-sites can be virtual-hosted, many sites to one IP
address.
during TLS session handshake, to permit alternative values to be chosen:
.ilist
-.vindex "&%tls_certificate%&"
&%tls_certificate%&
.next
-.vindex "&%tls_crl%&"
&%tls_crl%&
.next
-.vindex "&%tls_privatekey%&"
&%tls_privatekey%&
.next
-.vindex "&%tls_verify_certificates%&"
&%tls_verify_certificates%&
.next
-.vindex "&%tls_ocsp_file%&"
-&%tls_verify_certificates%&
+&%tls_ocsp_file%&
.endlist
Great care should be taken to deal with matters of case, various injection
attacks in the string (&`../`& or SQL), and ensuring that a valid filename
-can always be referenced; it is important to remember that &$tls_sni$& is
+can always be referenced; it is important to remember that &$tls_in_sni$& is
arbitrary unverified data provided prior to authentication.
+Further, the initial certificate is loaded before SNI is arrived, so
+an expansion for &%tls_certificate%& must have a default which is used
+when &$tls_in_sni$& is empty.
The Exim developers are proceeding cautiously and so far no other TLS options
are re-expanded.
-When Exim is built againt OpenSSL, OpenSSL must have been built with support
+When Exim is built against OpenSSL, OpenSSL must have been built with support
for TLS Extensions. This holds true for OpenSSL 1.0.0+ and 0.9.8+ with
enable-tlsext in EXTRACONFIGURE. If you invoke &(openssl s_client -h)& and
see &`-servername`& in the output, then OpenSSL has support.
one process to the next. This implementation does not fit well with the use
of TLS, because there is quite a lot of state information associated with a TLS
connection, not just a socket identification. Passing all the state information
-to a new process is not feasible. Consequently, Exim shuts down an existing TLS
-session before passing the socket to a new process. The new process may then
+to a new process is not feasible. Consequently, for sending using TLS Exim
+starts an additional proxy process for handling the encryption, piping the
+unencrypted data stream from and to the delivery processes.
+
+An older mode of operation can be enabled on a per-host basis by the
+&%hosts_noproxy_tls%& option on the &(smtp)& transport. If the host matches
+this list the proxy process described above is not used; instead Exim
+shuts down an existing TLS session being run by the delivery process
+before passing the socket to a new process. The new process may then
try to start a new TLS session, and if successful, may try to re-authenticate
if AUTH is in use, before sending the next message.
+.new
+.section DANE "SECDANE"
+.cindex DANE
+DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities, as applied to SMTP over TLS, provides assurance to a client that
+it is actually talking to the server it wants to rather than some attacker operating a Man In The Middle (MITM)
+operation. The latter can terminate the TLS connection you make, and make another one to the server (so both
+you and the server still think you have an encrypted connection) and, if one of the "well known" set of
+Certificate Authorities has been suborned - something which *has* been seen already (2014), a verifiable
+certificate (if you're using normal root CAs, eg. the Mozilla set, as your trust anchors).
+
+What DANE does is replace the CAs with the DNS as the trust anchor. The assurance is limited to a) the possibility
+that the DNS has been suborned, b) mistakes made by the admins of the target server. The attack surface presented
+by (a) is thought to be smaller than that of the set of root CAs.
+
+It also allows the server to declare (implicitly) that connections to it should use TLS. An MITM could simply
+fail to pass on a server's STARTTLS.
+
+DANE scales better than having to maintain (and side-channel communicate) copies of server certificates
+for every possible target server. It also scales (slightly) better than having to maintain on an SMTP
+client a copy of the standard CAs bundle. It also means not having to pay a CA for certificates.
+
+DANE requires a server operator to do three things: 1) run DNSSEC. This provides assurance to clients
+that DNS lookups they do for the server have not been tampered with. The domain MX record applying
+to this server, its A record, its TLSA record and any associated CNAME records must all be covered by
+DNSSEC.
+2) add TLSA DNS records. These say what the server certificate for a TLS connection should be.
+3) offer a server certificate, or certificate chain, in TLS connections which is traceable to the one
+defined by (one of?) the TSLA records
+
+There are no changes to Exim specific to server-side operation of DANE.
+Support for client-side operation of DANE can be included at compile time by defining SUPPORT_DANE=yes
+in &_Local/Makefile_&.
+If it has been included, the macro "_HAVE_DANE" will be defined.
+
+The TLSA record for the server may have "certificate usage" of DANE-TA(2) or DANE-EE(3). The latter specifies
+the End Entity directly, i.e. the certificate involved is that of the server (and should be the sole one transmitted
+during the TLS handshake); this is appropriate for a single system, using a self-signed certificate.
+DANE-TA usage is effectively declaring a specific CA to be used; this might be a private CA or a public,
+well-known one. A private CA at simplest is just a self-signed certificate which is used to sign
+cerver certificates, but running one securely does require careful arrangement. If a private CA is used
+then either all clients must be primed with it, or (probably simpler) the server TLS handshake must transmit
+the entire certificate chain from CA to server-certificate. If a public CA is used then all clients must be primed with it
+(losing one advantage of DANE) - but the attack surface is reduced from all public CAs to that single CA.
+DANE-TA is commonly used for several services and/or servers, each having a TLSA query-domain CNAME record,
+all of which point to a single TLSA record.
+
+The TLSA record should have a Selector field of SPKI(1) and a Matching Type field of SHA2-512(2).
+
+At the time of writing, &url(https://www.huque.com/bin/gen_tlsa)
+is useful for quickly generating TLSA records; and commands like
+
+.code
+ openssl x509 -in -pubkey -noout <certificate.pem \
+ | openssl rsa -outform der -pubin 2>/dev/null \
+ | openssl sha512 \
+ | awk '{print $2}'
+.endd
+
+are workable for 4th-field hashes.
+
+For use with the DANE-TA model, server certificates must have a correct name (SubjectName or SubjectAltName).
+
+The use of OCSP-stapling should be considered, allowing for fast revocation of certificates (which would otherwise
+be limited by the DNS TTL on the TLSA records). However, this is likely to only be usable with DANE-TA. NOTE: the
+default of requesting OCSP for all hosts is modified iff DANE is in use, to:
+
+.code
+ hosts_request_ocsp = ${if or { {= {0}{$tls_out_tlsa_usage}} \
+ {= {4}{$tls_out_tlsa_usage}} } \
+ {*}{}}
+.endd
+
+The (new) variable &$tls_out_tlsa_usage$& is a bitfield with numbered bits set for TLSA record usage codes.
+The zero above means DANE was not in use, the four means that only DANE-TA usage TLSA records were
+found. If the definition of &%hosts_request_ocsp%& includes the
+string "tls_out_tlsa_usage", they are re-expanded in time to
+control the OCSP request.
+
+This modification of hosts_request_ocsp is only done if it has the default value of "*". Admins who change it, and
+those who use &%hosts_require_ocsp%&, should consider the interaction with DANE in their OCSP settings.
+
+
+For client-side DANE there are two new smtp transport options, &%hosts_try_dane%& and &%hosts_require_dane%&.
+The latter variant will result in failure if the target host is not DNSSEC-secured.
+
+DANE will only be usable if the target host has DNSSEC-secured MX, A and TLSA records.
+
+A TLSA lookup will be done if either of the above options match and the host-lookup succeeded using dnssec.
+If a TLSA lookup is done and succeeds, a DANE-verified TLS connection
+will be required for the host. If it does not, the host will not
+be used; there is no fallback to non-DANE or non-TLS.
+
+If DANE is requested and useable (see above) the following transport options are ignored:
+.code
+ hosts_require_tls
+ tls_verify_hosts
+ tls_try_verify_hosts
+ tls_verify_certificates
+ tls_crl
+ tls_verify_cert_hostnames
+.endd
+
+If DANE is not usable, whether requested or not, and CA-anchored
+verification evaluation is wanted, the above variables should be set appropriately.
+
+Currently the &%dnssec_request_domains%& must be active and &%dnssec_require_domains%& is ignored.
+
+If verification was successful using DANE then the "CV" item in the delivery log line will show as "CV=dane".
+
+There is a new variable &$tls_out_dane$& which will have "yes" if
+verification succeeded using DANE and "no" otherwise (only useful
+in combination with events; see &<<CHAPevents>>&),
+and a new variable &$tls_out_tlsa_usage$& (detailed above).
+
+.cindex DANE reporting
+An event (see &<<CHAPevents>>&) of type "dane:fail" will be raised on failures
+to achieve DANE-verified connection, if one was either requested and offered, or
+required. This is intended to support TLS-reporting as defined in
+&url(https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-uta-smtp-tlsrpt-17).
+The &$event_data$& will be one of the Result Types defined in
+Section 4.3 of that document.
+
+Under GnuTLS, DANE is only supported from version 3.0.0 onwards.
+.wen
+
+
+
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.section "Testing ACLs" "SECID188"
The &%-bh%& command line option provides a way of testing your ACL
configuration locally by running a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-The host &'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a service for checking your
-relaying configuration (see section &<<SECTcheralcon>>& for more details).
-
.section "Specifying when ACLs are used" "SECID189"
.cindex "EXPN" "ACL for"
.cindex "HELO" "ACL for"
.cindex "EHLO" "ACL for"
+.cindex "DKIM" "ACL for"
.cindex "MAIL" "ACL for"
.cindex "QUIT, ACL for"
.cindex "RCPT" "ACL for"
.irow &%acl_smtp_connect%& "ACL for start of SMTP connection"
.irow &%acl_smtp_data%& "ACL after DATA is complete"
.irow &%acl_smtp_data_prdr%& "ACL for each recipient, after DATA is complete"
+.irow &%acl_smtp_dkim%& "ACL for each DKIM signer"
.irow &%acl_smtp_etrn%& "ACL for ETRN"
.irow &%acl_smtp_expn%& "ACL for EXPN"
.irow &%acl_smtp_helo%& "ACL for HELO or EHLO"
session, and indeed is required to issue a new EHLO or HELO after successfully
setting up encryption following a STARTTLS command.
+Note also that a deny neither forces the client to go away nor means that
+mail will be refused on the connection. Consider checking for
+&$sender_helo_name$& being defined in a MAIL or RCPT ACL to do that.
+
If the command is accepted by an &%accept%& verb that has a &%message%&
modifier, the message may not contain more than one line (it will be truncated
at the first newline and a panic logged if it does). Such a message cannot
the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_data%&, which is the second ACL that is
associated with the DATA command.
+.cindex CHUNKING "BDAT command"
+.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
+.cindex "RFC 3030" CHUNKING
+If CHUNKING was advertised and a BDAT command sequence is received,
+the &%acl_smtp_predata%& ACL is not run.
+. XXX why not? It should be possible, for the first BDAT.
+The &%acl_smtp_data%& is run after the last BDAT command and all of
+the data specified is received.
+
For both of these ACLs, it is not possible to reject individual recipients. An
error response rejects the entire message. Unfortunately, it is known that some
MTAs do not treat hard (5&'xx'&) responses to the DATA command (either
This ACL is evaluated before &%acl_smtp_mime%& and &%acl_smtp_data%&.
-For details on the operation of DKIM, see chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>&.
+For details on the operation of DKIM, see section &<<SECDKIM>>&.
.section "The SMTP MIME ACL" "SECID194"
.section "The SMTP PRDR ACL" "SECTPRDRACL"
+.cindex "PRDR" "ACL for"
.oindex "&%prdr_enable%&"
The &%acl_smtp_data_prdr%& ACL is available only when Exim is compiled
with PRDR support enabled (which is the default).
client and server for a message, and more than one recipient
has been accepted.
-The ACL test specfied by &%acl_smtp_data_prdr%& happens after a message
-has been recieved, and is executed for each recipient of the message.
-The test may accept or deny for inividual recipients.
+The ACL test specified by &%acl_smtp_data_prdr%& happens after a message
+has been received, and is executed once for each recipient of the message
+with &$local_part$& and &$domain$& valid.
+The test may accept, defer or deny for individual recipients.
The &%acl_smtp_data%& will still be called after this ACL and
can reject the message overall, even if this ACL has accepted it
for some or all recipients.
PRDR may be used to support per-user content filtering. Without it
one must defer any recipient after the first that has a different
content-filter configuration. With PRDR, the RCPT-time check
-for this can be disabled when the MAIL-time $smtp_command included
-"PRDR". Any required difference in behaviour of the main DATA-time
+.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
+for this can be disabled when the variable &$prdr_requested$&
+is &"yes"&.
+Any required difference in behaviour of the main DATA-time
ACL should however depend on the PRDR-time ACL having run, as Exim
-will avoid doing so in some situations (eg. single-recipient mails).
+will avoid doing so in some situations (e.g. single-recipient mails).
See also the &%prdr_enable%& global option
and the &%hosts_try_prdr%& smtp transport option.
.cindex "QUIT, ACL for"
The ACL for the SMTP QUIT command is anomalous, in that the outcome of the ACL
does not affect the response code to QUIT, which is always 221. Thus, the ACL
-does not in fact control any access. For this reason, the only verbs that are
-permitted are &%accept%& and &%warn%&.
+does not in fact control any access.
+For this reason, it may only accept
+or warn as its final result.
This ACL can be used for tasks such as custom logging at the end of an SMTP
session. For example, you can use ACL variables in other ACLs to count
{acl_check_rcpt} {acl_check_rcpt_submit} }
.endd
In the default configuration file there are some example settings for
-providing an RFC 4409 message submission service on port 587 and a
-non-standard &"smtps"& service on port 465. You can use a string
+providing an RFC 4409 message &"submission"& service on port 587 and
+an RFC 8314 &"submissions"& service on port 465. You can use a string
expansion like this to choose an ACL for MUAs on these ports which is
more appropriate for this purpose than the default ACL on port 25.
remaining recipients. The &"discard"& return is not permitted for the
&%acl_smtp_predata%& ACL.
+If the ACL for VRFY returns &"accept"&, a recipient verify (without callout)
+is done on the address and the result determines the SMTP response.
+
.cindex "&[local_scan()]& function" "when all recipients discarded"
The &[local_scan()]& function is always run, even if there are no remaining
example:
.code
deny dnslists = list1.example
-dnslists = list2.example
+ dnslists = list2.example
.endd
If there are no conditions, the verb is always obeyed. Exim stops evaluating
the conditions and modifiers when it reaches a condition that fails. What
check a RCPT command:
.code
accept domains = +local_domains
-endpass
-verify = recipient
+ endpass
+ verify = recipient
.endd
If the recipient domain does not match the &%domains%& condition, control
passes to the next statement. If it does match, the recipient is verified, and
response.
.vindex "&$acl_verify_message$&"
+For ACLs that are called by an &%acl =%& ACL condition, the message is
+stored in &$acl_verify_message$&, from which the calling ACL may use it.
+
If &%message%& is used on a statement that verifies an address, the message
specified overrides any message that is generated by the verification process.
However, the original message is available in the variable
effect.
+.vitem &*queue*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
+.cindex "&%queue%& ACL modifier"
+.cindex "named queues" "selecting in ACL"
+This modifier specifies the use of a named queue for spool files
+for the message.
+It can only be used before the message is received (i.e. not in
+the DATA ACL).
+This could be used, for example, for known high-volume burst sources
+of traffic, or for quarantine of messages.
+Separate queue-runner processes will be needed for named queues.
+If the text after expansion is empty, the default queue is used.
+
+
.vitem &*remove_header*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
This modifier specifies one or more header names in a colon-separated list
that are to be removed from an incoming message, assuming, of course, that
.vitem &*udpsend*&&~=&~<&'parameters'&>
+.cindex "UDP communications"
This modifier sends a UDP packet, for purposes such as statistics
collection or behaviour monitoring. The parameters are expanded, and
the result of the expansion must be a colon-separated list consisting
is what is wanted for subsequent tests.
-.vitem &*control&~=&~cutthrough_delivery*&
+.vitem &*control&~=&~cutthrough_delivery/*&<&'options'&>
.cindex "&ACL;" "cutthrough routing"
.cindex "cutthrough" "requesting"
This option requests delivery be attempted while the item is being received.
-It is usable in the RCPT ACL and valid only for single-recipient mails forwarded
-from one SMTP connection to another. If a recipient-verify callout connection is
-requested in the same ACL it is held open and used for the data, otherwise one is made
-after the ACL completes.
+
+The option is usable in the RCPT ACL.
+If enabled for a message received via smtp and routed to an smtp transport,
+and only one transport, interface, destination host and port combination
+is used for all recipients of the message,
+then the delivery connection is made while the receiving connection is open
+and data is copied from one to the other.
+
+An attempt to set this option for any recipient but the first
+for a mail will be quietly ignored.
+If a recipient-verify callout
+(with use_sender)
+connection is subsequently
+requested in the same ACL it is held open and used for
+any subsequent recipients and the data,
+otherwise one is made after the initial RCPT ACL completes.
Note that routers are used in verify mode,
and cannot depend on content of received headers.
Note also that headers cannot be
modified by any of the post-data ACLs (DATA, MIME and DKIM).
Headers may be modified by routers (subject to the above) and transports.
+The Received-By: header is generated as soon as the body reception starts,
+rather than the traditional time after the full message is received;
+this will affect the timestamp.
+
+All the usual ACLs are called; if one results in the message being
+rejected, all effort spent in delivery (including the costs on
+the ultimate destination) will be wasted.
+Note that in the case of data-time ACLs this includes the entire
+message body.
Cutthrough delivery is not supported via transport-filters or when DKIM signing
of outgoing messages is done, because it sends data to the ultimate destination
before the entire message has been received from the source.
+It is not supported for messages received with the SMTP PRDR
+or CHUNKING
+options in use.
Should the ultimate destination system positively accept or reject the mail,
a corresponding indication is given to the source system and nothing is queued.
-If there is a temporary error the item is queued for later delivery in the
-usual fashion. If the item is successfully delivered in cutthrough mode the log line
-is tagged with ">>" rather than "=>" and appears before the acceptance "<="
-line.
+If the item is successfully delivered in cutthrough mode
+the delivery log lines are tagged with ">>" rather than "=>" and appear
+before the acceptance "<=" line.
-Delivery in this mode avoids the generation of a bounce mail to a (possibly faked)
+If there is a temporary error the item is queued for later delivery in the
+usual fashion.
+This behaviour can be adjusted by appending the option &*defer=*&<&'value'&>
+to the control; the default value is &"spool"& and the alternate value
+&"pass"& copies an SMTP defer response from the target back to the initiator
+and does not queue the message.
+Note that this is independent of any recipient verify conditions in the ACL.
+
+Delivery in this mode avoids the generation of a bounce mail to a
+(possibly faked)
sender when the destination system is doing content-scan based rejection.
.cindex "&ACL;" "enabling debug logging"
.cindex "debugging" "enabling from an ACL"
This control turns on debug logging, almost as though Exim had been invoked
-with &`-d`&, with the output going to a new logfile, by default called
-&'debuglog'&. The filename can be adjusted with the &'tag'& option, which
+with &`-d`&, with the output going to a new logfile in the usual logs directory,
+by default called &'debuglog'&.
+The filename can be adjusted with the &'tag'& option, which
may access any variables already defined. The logging may be adjusted with
the &'opts'& option, which takes the same values as the &`-d`& command-line
-option. Some examples (which depend on variables that don't exist in all
+option.
+Logging started this way may be stopped, and the file removed,
+with the &'kill'& option.
+Some examples (which depend on variables that don't exist in all
contexts):
.code
control = debug
control = debug/tag=.$sender_host_address
control = debug/opts=+expand+acl
control = debug/tag=.$message_exim_id/opts=+expand
+ control = debug/kill
.endd
.cindex "disable DKIM verify"
.cindex "DKIM" "disable verify"
This control turns off DKIM verification processing entirely. For details on
-the operation and configuration of DKIM, see chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>&.
+the operation and configuration of DKIM, see section &<<SECDKIM>>&.
.vitem &*control&~=&~dscp/*&<&'value'&>
&*Note:*& This control applies only to the current message, not to any others
that are being submitted at the same time using &%-bs%& or &%-bS%&.
+
+.vitem &*control&~=&~utf8_downconvert*&
+This control enables conversion of UTF-8 in message addresses
+to a-label form.
+For details see section &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
.endlist vlist
RCPT ACL).
Headers will not be added to the message if the modifier is used in
-DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for a message delivered by cutthrough routing.
Leading and trailing newlines are removed from
the data for the &%add_header%& modifier; if it then
with any ACL verb, including &%deny%&, though this is really not useful for
any verb that doesn't result in a delivered message.
-Headers will not be removed to the message if the modifier is used in
-DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+Headers will not be removed from the message if the modifier is used in
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for a message delivered by cutthrough routing.
More than one header can be removed at the same time by using a colon separated
list of header names. The header matching is case insensitive. Wildcards are
and $acl_narg is set to the count of values.
Previous values of these variables are restored after the call returns.
The name and values are expanded separately.
+Note that spaces in complex expansions which are used as arguments
+will act as argument separators.
If the nested &%acl%& returns &"drop"& and the outer condition denies access,
the connection is dropped. If it returns &"discard"&, the verb must be
problems such as a syntax error or a memory shortage. For more details, see
chapter &<<CHAPexiscan>>&.
-.vitem &*demime&~=&~*&<&'extension&~list'&>
-.cindex "&%demime%& ACL condition"
-This condition is available only when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension. Its use is described in section
-&<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
.vitem &*dnslists&~=&~*&<&'list&~of&~domain&~names&~and&~other&~data'&>
.cindex "&%dnslists%& ACL condition"
.cindex "DNS list" "in ACL"
received, that is, in an ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_data%& or
&%acl_not_smtp%&. It checks the syntax of all header lines that can contain
lists of addresses (&'Sender:'&, &'From:'&, &'Reply-To:'&, &'To:'&, &'Cc:'&,
-and &'Bcc:'&). Unqualified addresses (local parts without domains) are
+and &'Bcc:'&), returning true if there are no problems.
+Unqualified addresses (local parts without domains) are
permitted only in locally generated messages and from hosts that match
&%sender_unqualified_hosts%& or &%recipient_unqualified_hosts%&, as
appropriate.
address, and in that case, the subsequent value of &$address_data$& is the
value for the child address.
-.vitem &*verify&~=&~reverse_host_lookup*&
+.vitem &*verify&~=&~reverse_host_lookup/*&<&'options'&>
.cindex "&%verify%& ACL condition"
.cindex "&ACL;" "verifying host reverse lookup"
.cindex "host" "verifying reverse lookup"
one of its aliases, does, when it is itself looked up in the DNS, yield the
original IP address.
+There is one possible option, &`defer_ok`&. If this is present and a
+DNS operation returns a temporary error, the verify condition succeeds.
+
If this condition is used for a locally generated message (that is, when there
is no client host involved), it always succeeds.
.cindex "&%verify%& ACL condition"
This is a variation of the previous option, in which a modified address is
verified as a sender.
+
+Note that '/' is legal in local-parts; if the address may have such
+(eg. is generated from the received message)
+they must be protected from the options parsing by doubling:
+.code
+verify = sender=${sg{${address:$h_sender:}}{/}{//}}
+.endd
.endlist
warn message = X-Warn: sending host is on dialups list
dnslists = dialups.mail-abuse.org
.endd
-DNS list lookups are cached by Exim for the duration of the SMTP session,
+.cindex caching "of dns lookup"
+.cindex DNS TTL
+DNS list lookups are cached by Exim for the duration of the SMTP session
+(but limited by the DNS return TTL value),
so a lookup based on the IP address is done at most once for any incoming
-connection. Exim does not share information between multiple incoming
+connection (assuming long-enough TTL).
+Exim does not share information between multiple incoming
connections (but your local name server cache should be active).
and the outer dnsdb lookup finds the IP addresses for these hosts. The result
of expanding the condition might be something like this:
.code
-dnslists = sbl.spahmaus.org/<|192.168.2.3|192.168.5.6|...
+dnslists = sbl.spamhaus.org/<|192.168.2.3|192.168.5.6|...
.endd
Thus, this example checks whether or not the IP addresses of the sender
domain's mail servers are on the Spamhaus black list.
accepted. It can be used in the &%acl_smtp_rcpt%&, &%acl_smtp_predata%&,
&%acl_smtp_mime%&, &%acl_smtp_data%&, or &%acl_smtp_rcpt%& ACLs. In
&%acl_smtp_rcpt%& the rate is updated one recipient at a time; in the other
-ACLs the rate is updated with the total recipient count in one go. Note that
+ACLs the rate is updated with the total (accepted) recipient count in one go. Note that
in either case the rate limiting engine will see a message with many
recipients as a large high-speed burst.
need to use this option unless you know that the called hosts make use of the
sender when checking recipients. If used indiscriminately, it reduces the
usefulness of callout caching.
+
+.vitem &*hold*&
+This option applies to recipient callouts only. For example:
+.code
+require verify = recipient/callout=use_sender,hold
+.endd
+It causes the connection to be held open and used for any further recipients
+and for eventual delivery (should that be done quickly).
+Doing this saves on TCP and SMTP startup costs, and TLS costs also
+when that is used for the connections.
+The advantage is only gained if there are no callout cache hits
+(which could be enforced by the no_cache option),
+if the use_sender option is used,
+if neither the random nor the use_postmaster option is used,
+and if no other callouts intervene.
.endlist
If you use any of the parameters that set a non-empty sender for the MAIL
item creates a signed address, and the &%prvscheck%& expansion item checks one.
The syntax of these expansion items is described in section
&<<SECTexpansionitems>>&.
+The validity period on signed addresses is seven days.
As an example, suppose the secret per-address keys are stored in an MySQL
database. A query to look up the key for an address could be defined as a macro
You can check the relay characteristics of your configuration in the same way
that you can test any ACL behaviour for an incoming SMTP connection, by using
the &%-bh%& option to run a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-
-For specifically testing for unwanted relaying, the host
-&'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a useful service. If you telnet to this
-host from the host on which Exim is running, using the normal telnet port, you
-will see a normal telnet connection message and then quite a long delay. Be
-patient. The remote host is making an SMTP connection back to your host, and
-trying a number of common probes to test for open relay vulnerability. The
-results of the tests will eventually appear on your terminal.
.ecindex IIDacl
Two new main configuration options: &%av_scanner%& and &%spamd_address%&.
.endlist
-There is another content-scanning configuration option for &_Local/Makefile_&,
-called WITH_OLD_DEMIME. If this is set, the old, deprecated &%demime%& ACL
-condition is compiled, in addition to all the other content-scanning features.
-
Content-scanning is continually evolving, and new features are still being
added. While such features are still unstable and liable to incompatible
changes, they are made available in Exim by setting options whose names begin
specialized interfaces for &"daemon"& type virus scanners, which are resident
in memory and thus are much faster.
+A timeout of 2 minutes is applied to a scanner call (by default);
+if it expires then a defer action is taken.
.oindex "&%av_scanner%&"
-You can set the &%av_scanner%& option in first part of the Exim configuration
-file to specify which scanner to use, together with any additional options that
+You can set the &%av_scanner%& option in the main part of the configuration
+to specify which scanner to use, together with any additional options that
are needed. The basic syntax is as follows:
.display
&`av_scanner = <`&&'scanner-type'&&`>:<`&&'option1'&&`>:<`&&'option2'&&`>:[...]`&
If the value of &%av_scanner%& starts with a dollar character, it is expanded
before use.
The usual list-parsing of the content (see &<<SECTlistconstruct>>&) applies.
-The following scanner types are supported in this release:
+The following scanner types are supported in this release,
+.new
+though individual ones can be included or not at build time:
+.wen
.vlist
+.vitem &%avast%&
+.cindex "virus scanners" "avast"
+This is the scanner daemon of Avast. It has been tested with Avast Core
+Security (currently at version 2.2.0).
+You can get a trial version at &url(https://www.avast.com) or for Linux
+at &url(https://www.avast.com/linux-server-antivirus).
+This scanner type takes one option,
+which can be either a full path to a UNIX socket,
+or host and port specifiers separated by white space.
+The host may be a name or an IP address; the port is either a
+single number or a pair of numbers with a dash between.
+Any further options are given, on separate lines,
+to the daemon as options before the main scan command.
+For example:
+.code
+av_scanner = avast:/var/run/avast/scan.sock:FLAGS -fullfiles:SENSITIVITY -pup
+av_scanner = avast:192.168.2.22 5036
+.endd
+If you omit the argument, the default path
+&_/var/run/avast/scan.sock_&
+is used.
+If you use a remote host,
+you need to make Exim's spool directory available to it,
+as the scanner is passed a file path, not file contents.
+For information about available commands and their options you may use
+.code
+$ socat UNIX:/var/run/avast/scan.sock STDIO:
+ FLAGS
+ SENSITIVITY
+ PACK
+.endd
+
+Only the first virus detected will be reported.
+
+
.vitem &%aveserver%&
.cindex "virus scanners" "Kaspersky"
This is the scanner daemon of Kaspersky Version 5. You can get a trial version
This daemon-type scanner is GPL and free. You can get it at
&url(http://www.clamav.net/). Some older versions of clamd do not seem to
unpack MIME containers, so it used to be recommended to unpack MIME attachments
-in the MIME ACL. This no longer believed to be necessary. One option is
-required: either the path and name of a UNIX socket file, or a hostname or IP
-number, and a port, separated by space, as in the second of these examples:
+in the MIME ACL. This is no longer believed to be necessary.
+
+The options are a list of server specifiers, which may be
+a UNIX socket specification,
+a TCP socket specification,
+or a (global) option.
+
+A socket specification consists of a space-separated list.
+For a Unix socket the first element is a full path for the socket,
+for a TCP socket the first element is the IP address
+and the second a port number,
+Any further elements are per-server (non-global) options.
+These per-server options are supported:
+.code
+retry=<timespec> Retry on connect fail
+.endd
+
+The &`retry`& option specifies a time after which a single retry for
+a failed connect is made. The default is to not retry.
+
+If a Unix socket file is specified, only one server is supported.
+
+Examples:
.code
av_scanner = clamd:/opt/clamd/socket
av_scanner = clamd:192.0.2.3 1234
av_scanner = clamd:192.0.2.3 1234:local
+av_scanner = clamd:192.0.2.3 1234 retry=10s
av_scanner = clamd:192.0.2.3 1234 : 192.0.2.4 1234
.endd
-If the value of av_scanner points to a UNIX socket file or contains the local
-keyword, then the ClamAV interface will pass a filename containing the data
+If the value of av_scanner points to a UNIX socket file or contains the
+&`local`&
+option, then the ClamAV interface will pass a filename containing the data
to be scanned, which will should normally result in less I/O happening and be
more efficient. Normally in the TCP case, the data is streamed to ClamAV as
Exim does not assume that there is a common filesystem with the remote host.
-There is an option WITH_OLD_CLAMAV_STREAM in &_src/EDITME_& available, should
-you be running a version of ClamAV prior to 0.95.
The final example shows that multiple TCP targets can be specified. Exim will
randomly use one for each incoming email (i.e. it load balances them). Note
.endd
.vitem &%drweb%&
.cindex "virus scanners" "DrWeb"
-The DrWeb daemon scanner (&url(http://www.sald.com/)) interface takes one
-argument, either a full path to a UNIX socket, or an IP address and port
-separated by white space, as in these examples:
+The DrWeb daemon scanner (&url(http://www.sald.com/)) interface
+takes one option,
+either a full path to a UNIX socket,
+or host and port specifiers separated by white space.
+The host may be a name or an IP address; the port is either a
+single number or a pair of numbers with a dash between.
+For example:
.code
av_scanner = drweb:/var/run/drwebd.sock
av_scanner = drweb:192.168.2.20 31337
If you omit the argument, the default path &_/usr/local/drweb/run/drwebd.sock_&
is used. Thanks to Alex Miller for contributing the code for this scanner.
+.vitem &%f-protd%&
+.cindex "virus scanners" "f-protd"
+The f-protd scanner is accessed via HTTP over TCP.
+One argument is taken, being a space-separated hostname and port number
+(or port-range).
+For example:
+.code
+av_scanner = f-protd:localhost 10200-10204
+.endd
+If you omit the argument, the default values show above are used.
+
+.vitem &%f-prot6d%&
+.cindex "virus scanners" "f-prot6d"
+The f-prot6d scanner is accessed using the FPSCAND protocol over TCP.
+One argument is taken, being a space-separated hostname and port number.
+For example:
+.code
+av_scanner = f-prot6d:localhost 10200
+.endd
+If you omit the argument, the default values show above are used.
+
.vitem &%fsecure%&
.cindex "virus scanners" "F-Secure"
The F-Secure daemon scanner (&url(http://www.f-secure.com)) takes one
parts of documentation are now available in English. You can get it at
&url(http://linux.mks.com.pl/). The only option for this scanner type is
the maximum number of processes used simultaneously to scan the attachments,
-provided that the demime facility is employed and also provided that mksd has
+provided that mksd has
been run with at least the same number of child processes. For example:
.code
av_scanner = mksd:2
This is a general-purpose way of talking to simple scanner daemons
running on the local machine.
There are four options:
-an address (which may be an IP addres and port, or the path of a Unix socket),
+an address (which may be an IP address and port, or the path of a Unix socket),
a commandline to send (may include a single %s which will be replaced with
the path to the mail file to be scanned),
an RE to trigger on from the returned data,
-an RE to extract malware_name from the returned data.
+and an RE to extract malware_name from the returned data.
For example:
.code
-av_scanner = sock:127.0.0.1 6001:%s:(SPAM|VIRUS):(.*)\$
+av_scanner = sock:127.0.0.1 6001:%s:(SPAM|VIRUS):(.*)$
.endd
-Default for the socket specifier is &_/tmp/malware.sock_&.
-Default for the commandline is &_%s\n_&.
-Both regular-expressions are required.
+Note that surrounding whitespace is stripped from each option, meaning
+there is no way to specify a trailing newline.
+The socket specifier and both regular-expressions are required.
+Default for the commandline is &_%s\n_& (note this does have a trailing newline);
+specify an empty element to get this.
.vitem &%sophie%&
.cindex "virus scanners" "Sophos and Sophie"
message.
The &%malware%& condition takes a right-hand argument that is expanded before
-use. It can then be one of
+use and taken as a list, slash-separated by default.
+The first element can then be one of
.ilist
&"true"&, &"*"&, or &"1"&, in which case the message is scanned for viruses.
A regular expression, in which case the message is scanned for viruses. The
condition succeeds if a virus is found and its name matches the regular
expression. This allows you to take special actions on certain types of virus.
+Note that &"/"& characters in the RE must be doubled due to the list-processing,
+unless the separator is changed (in the usual way).
.endlist
-You can append &`/defer_ok`& to the &%malware%& condition to accept messages
-even if there is a problem with the virus scanner. Otherwise, such a problem
-causes the ACL to defer.
+You can append a &`defer_ok`& element to the &%malware%& argument list to accept
+messages even if there is a problem with the virus scanner.
+Otherwise, such a problem causes the ACL to defer.
+
+You can append a &`tmo=<val>`& element to the &%malware%& argument list to
+specify a non-default timeout. The default is two minutes.
+For example:
+.code
+malware = * / defer_ok / tmo=10s
+.endd
+A timeout causes the ACL to defer.
+
+.vindex "&$callout_address$&"
+When a connection is made to the scanner the expansion variable &$callout_address$&
+is set to record the actual address used.
.vindex "&$malware_name$&"
When a virus is found, the condition sets up an expansion variable called
&%message%& modifier that specifies the error returned to the sender, and/or in
logging data.
-If your virus scanner cannot unpack MIME and TNEF containers itself, you should
-use the &%demime%& condition (see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&) before the
-&%malware%& condition.
-
Beware the interaction of Exim's &%message_size_limit%& with any size limits
imposed by your anti-virus scanner.
Here is a very simple scanning example:
.code
deny message = This message contains malware ($malware_name)
- demime = *
malware = *
.endd
The next example accepts messages when there is a problem with the scanner:
.code
deny message = This message contains malware ($malware_name)
- demime = *
malware = */defer_ok
.endd
The next example shows how to use an ACL variable to scan with both sophie and
.endd
-.section "Scanning with SpamAssassin" "SECTscanspamass"
+.section "Scanning with SpamAssassin and Rspamd" "SECTscanspamass"
.cindex "content scanning" "for spam"
.cindex "spam scanning"
.cindex "SpamAssassin"
+.cindex "Rspamd"
The &%spam%& ACL condition calls SpamAssassin's &%spamd%& daemon to get a spam
-score and a report for the message. You can get SpamAssassin at
-&url(http://www.spamassassin.org), or, if you have a working Perl
-installation, you can use CPAN by running:
+score and a report for the message.
+Support is also provided for Rspamd.
+
+For more information about installation and configuration of SpamAssassin or
+Rspamd refer to their respective websites at
+&url(http://spamassassin.apache.org) and &url(http://www.rspamd.com)
+
+SpamAssassin can be installed with CPAN by running:
.code
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Mail::SpamAssassin'
.endd
nicely, however.
.oindex "&%spamd_address%&"
-After having installed and configured SpamAssassin, start the &%spamd%& daemon.
-By default, it listens on 127.0.0.1, TCP port 783. If you use another host or
-port for &%spamd%&, you must set the &%spamd_address%& option in the global
-part of the Exim configuration as follows (example):
+By default, SpamAssassin listens on 127.0.0.1, TCP port 783 and if you
+intend to use an instance running on the local host you do not need to set
+&%spamd_address%&. If you intend to use another host or port for SpamAssassin,
+you must set the &%spamd_address%& option in the global part of the Exim
+configuration as follows (example):
.code
spamd_address = 192.168.99.45 387
.endd
-You do not need to set this option if you use the default. As of version 2.60,
-&%spamd%& also supports communication over UNIX sockets. If you want to use
-these, supply &%spamd_address%& with an absolute file name instead of a
-address/port pair:
+The SpamAssassin protocol relies on a TCP half-close from the client.
+If your SpamAssassin client side is running a Linux system with an
+iptables firewall, consider setting
+&%net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait%& to at least the
+timeout, Exim uses when waiting for a response from the SpamAssassin
+server (currently defaulting to 120s). With a lower value the Linux
+connection tracking may consider your half-closed connection as dead too
+soon.
+
+
+To use Rspamd (which by default listens on all local addresses
+on TCP port 11333)
+you should add &%variant=rspamd%& after the address/port pair, for example:
+.code
+spamd_address = 127.0.0.1 11333 variant=rspamd
+.endd
+
+As of version 2.60, &%SpamAssassin%& also supports communication over UNIX
+sockets. If you want to us these, supply &%spamd_address%& with an absolute
+file name instead of an address/port pair:
.code
spamd_address = /var/run/spamd_socket
.endd
You can have multiple &%spamd%& servers to improve scalability. These can
reside on other hardware reachable over the network. To specify multiple
&%spamd%& servers, put multiple address/port pairs in the &%spamd_address%&
-option, separated with colons:
+option, separated with colons (the separator can be changed in the usual way):
.code
spamd_address = 192.168.2.10 783 : \
192.168.2.11 783 : \
192.168.2.12 783
.endd
-Up to 32 &%spamd%& servers are supported. The servers are queried in a random
-fashion. When a server fails to respond to the connection attempt, all other
+Up to 32 &%spamd%& servers are supported.
+When a server fails to respond to the connection attempt, all other
servers are tried until one succeeds. If no server responds, the &%spam%&
condition defers.
-&*Warning*&: It is not possible to use the UNIX socket connection method with
-multiple &%spamd%& servers.
+Unix and TCP socket specifications may be mixed in any order.
+Each element of the list is a list itself, space-separated by default
+and changeable in the usual way; take care to not double the separator.
+
+For TCP socket specifications a host name or IP (v4 or v6, but
+subject to list-separator quoting rules) address can be used,
+and the port can be one or a dash-separated pair.
+In the latter case, the range is tried in strict order.
+
+Elements after the first for Unix sockets, or second for TCP socket,
+are options.
+The supported options are:
+.code
+pri=<priority> Selection priority
+weight=<value> Selection bias
+time=<start>-<end> Use only between these times of day
+retry=<timespec> Retry on connect fail
+tmo=<timespec> Connection time limit
+variant=rspamd Use Rspamd rather than SpamAssassin protocol
+.endd
+
+The &`pri`& option specifies a priority for the server within the list,
+higher values being tried first.
+The default priority is 1.
+
+The &`weight`& option specifies a selection bias.
+Within a priority set
+servers are queried in a random fashion, weighted by this value.
+The default value for selection bias is 1.
+
+Time specifications for the &`time`& option are <hour>.<minute>.<second>
+in the local time zone; each element being one or more digits.
+Either the seconds or both minutes and seconds, plus the leading &`.`&
+characters, may be omitted and will be taken as zero.
+
+Timeout specifications for the &`retry`& and &`tmo`& options
+are the usual Exim time interval standard, e.g. &`20s`& or &`1m`&.
+
+The &`tmo`& option specifies an overall timeout for communication.
+The default value is two minutes.
+
+The &`retry`& option specifies a time after which a single retry for
+a failed connect is made.
+The default is to not retry.
The &%spamd_address%& variable is expanded before use if it starts with
a dollar sign. In this case, the expansion may return a string that is
used as the list so that multiple spamd servers can be the result of an
expansion.
+.vindex "&$callout_address$&"
+When a connection is made to the server the expansion variable &$callout_address$&
+is set to record the actual address used.
+
.section "Calling SpamAssassin from an Exim ACL" "SECID206"
Here is a simple example of the use of the &%spam%& condition in a DATA ACL:
.code
relevant if you have set up multiple SpamAssassin profiles. If you do not want
to scan using a specific profile, but rather use the SpamAssassin system-wide
default profile, you can scan for an unknown name, or simply use &"nobody"&.
-However, you must put something on the right-hand side.
+Rspamd does not use this setting. However, you must put something on the
+right-hand side.
The name allows you to use per-domain or per-user antispam profiles in
principle, but this is not straightforward in practice, because a message may
have multiple recipients, not necessarily all in the same domain. Because the
-&%spam%& condition has to be called from a DATA ACL in order to be able to
+&%spam%& condition has to be called from a DATA-time ACL in order to be able to
read the contents of the message, the variables &$local_part$& and &$domain$&
are not set.
+Careful enforcement of single-recipient messages
+(e.g. by responding with defer in the recipient ACL for all recipients
+after the first),
+or the use of PRDR,
+.cindex "PRDR" "use for per-user SpamAssassin profiles"
+are needed to use this feature.
The right-hand side of the &%spam%& condition is expanded before being used, so
you can put lookups or conditions there. When the right-hand side evaluates to
.cindex "spam scanning" "returned variables"
When the &%spam%& condition is run, it sets up a number of expansion
-variables. These variables are saved with the received message, thus they are
+variables.
+Except for &$spam_report$&,
+these variables are saved with the received message so are
available for use at delivery time.
.vlist
A string consisting of a number of &"+"& or &"-"& characters, representing the
integer part of the spam score value. A spam score of 4.4 would have a
&$spam_bar$& value of &"++++"&. This is useful for inclusion in warning
-headers, since MUAs can match on such strings.
+headers, since MUAs can match on such strings. The maximum length of the
+spam bar is 50 characters.
.vitem &$spam_report$&
A multiline text table, containing the full SpamAssassin report for the
message. Useful for inclusion in headers or reject messages.
+This variable is only usable in a DATA-time ACL.
+Beware that SpamAssassin may return non-ASCII characters, especially
+when running in country-specific locales, which are not legal
+unencoded in headers.
+
+.vitem &$spam_action$&
+For SpamAssassin either 'reject' or 'no action' depending on the
+spam score versus threshold.
+For Rspamd, the recommended action.
+
.endlist
The &%spam%& condition caches its results unless expansion in
This is perhaps the most important of the MIME variables. It contains a
proposed filename for an attachment, if one was found in either the
&'Content-Type:'& or &'Content-Disposition:'& headers. The filename will be
-RFC2047 decoded, but no additional sanity checks are done. If no filename was
+RFC2047
+or RFC2231
+decoded, but no additional sanity checks are done.
+ If no filename was
found, this variable contains the empty string.
.vitem &$mime_is_coverletter$&
As an example, the following will ban &"HTML mail"& (including that sent with
alternative plain text), while allowing HTML files to be attached. HTML
-coverletter mail attached to non-HMTL coverletter mail will also be allowed:
+coverletter mail attached to non-HTML coverletter mail will also be allowed:
.code
deny message = HTML mail is not accepted here
!condition = $mime_is_rfc822
The conditions returns true if any one of the regular expressions matches. The
&$regex_match_string$& expansion variable is then set up and contains the
matching regular expression.
+The expansion variables &$regex1$& &$regex2$& etc
+are set to any substrings captured by the regular expression.
&*Warning*&: With large messages, these conditions can be fairly
CPU-intensive.
-
-
-
-.section "The demime condition" "SECTdemimecond"
-.cindex "content scanning" "MIME checking"
-.cindex "MIME content scanning"
-The &%demime%& ACL condition provides MIME unpacking, sanity checking and file
-extension blocking. It is usable only in the DATA and non-SMTP ACLs. The
-&%demime%& condition uses a simpler interface to MIME decoding than the MIME
-ACL functionality, but provides no additional facilities. Please note that this
-condition is deprecated and kept only for backward compatibility. You must set
-the WITH_OLD_DEMIME option in &_Local/Makefile_& at build time to be able to
-use the &%demime%& condition.
-
-The &%demime%& condition unpacks MIME containers in the message. It detects
-errors in MIME containers and can match file extensions found in the message
-against a list. Using this facility produces files containing the unpacked MIME
-parts of the message in the temporary scan directory. If you do antivirus
-scanning, it is recommended that you use the &%demime%& condition before the
-antivirus (&%malware%&) condition.
-
-On the right-hand side of the &%demime%& condition you can pass a
-colon-separated list of file extensions that it should match against. For
-example:
-.code
-deny message = Found blacklisted file attachment
- demime = vbs:com:bat:pif:prf:lnk
-.endd
-If one of the file extensions is found, the condition is true, otherwise it is
-false. If there is a temporary error while demimeing (for example, &"disk
-full"&), the condition defers, and the message is temporarily rejected (unless
-the condition is on a &%warn%& verb).
-
-The right-hand side is expanded before being treated as a list, so you can have
-conditions and lookups there. If it expands to an empty string, &"false"&, or
-zero (&"0"&), no demimeing is done and the condition is false.
-
-The &%demime%& condition set the following variables:
-
-.vlist
-.vitem &$demime_errorlevel$&
-.vindex "&$demime_errorlevel$&"
-When an error is detected in a MIME container, this variable contains the
-severity of the error, as an integer number. The higher the value, the more
-severe the error (the current maximum value is 3). If this variable is unset or
-zero, no error occurred.
-
-.vitem &$demime_reason$&
-.vindex "&$demime_reason$&"
-When &$demime_errorlevel$& is greater than zero, this variable contains a
-human-readable text string describing the MIME error that occurred.
-.endlist
-
-.vlist
-.vitem &$found_extension$&
-.vindex "&$found_extension$&"
-When the &%demime%& condition is true, this variable contains the file
-extension it found.
-.endlist
-
-Both &$demime_errorlevel$& and &$demime_reason$& are set by the first call of
-the &%demime%& condition, and are not changed on subsequent calls.
-
-If you do not want to check for file extensions, but rather use the &%demime%&
-condition for unpacking or error checking purposes, pass &"*"& as the
-right-hand side value. Here is a more elaborate example of how to use this
-facility:
-.code
-# Reject messages with serious MIME container errors
-deny message = Found MIME error ($demime_reason).
- demime = *
- condition = ${if >{$demime_errorlevel}{2}{1}{0}}
-
-# Reject known virus spreading file extensions.
-# Accepting these is pretty much braindead.
-deny message = contains $found_extension file (blacklisted).
- demime = com:vbs:bat:pif:scr
-
-# Freeze .exe and .doc files. Postmaster can
-# examine them and eventually thaw them.
-deny log_message = Another $found_extension file.
- demime = exe:doc
- control = freeze
-.endd
.ecindex IIDcosca
.vlist
.vitem &*int&~body_linecount*&
This variable contains the number of lines in the message's body.
+It is not valid if the &%spool_files_wireformat%& option is used.
.vitem &*int&~body_zerocount*&
This variable contains the number of binary zero bytes in the message's body.
+It is not valid if the &%spool_files_wireformat%& option is used.
.vitem &*unsigned&~int&~debug_selector*&
This variable is set to zero when no debugging is taking place. Otherwise, it
.section "Resent- header lines" "SECID220"
.cindex "&%Resent-%& header lines"
+.cindex "header lines" "Resent-"
RFC 2822 makes provision for sets of header lines starting with the string
&`Resent-`& to be added to a message when it is resent by the original
recipient to somebody else. These headers are &'Resent-Date:'&,
.section "The Date: header line" "SECID223"
.cindex "&'Date:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Date:"
If a locally-generated or submission-mode message has no &'Date:'& header line,
Exim adds one, using the current date and time, unless the
&%suppress_local_fixups%& control has been specified.
.section "The Envelope-to: header line" "SECID225"
.cindex "&'Envelope-to:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Envelope-to:"
.oindex "&%envelope_to_remove%&"
&'Envelope-to:'& header lines are not part of the standard RFC 2822 header set.
Exim can be configured to add them to the final delivery of messages. (See the
.section "The From: header line" "SECTthefrohea"
.cindex "&'From:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "From:"
.cindex "Sendmail compatibility" "&""From""& line"
.cindex "message" "submission"
.cindex "submission mode"
.section "The Message-ID: header line" "SECID226"
.cindex "&'Message-ID:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Message-ID:"
.cindex "message" "submission"
.oindex "&%message_id_header_text%&"
If a locally-generated or submission-mode incoming message does not contain a
.section "The Received: header line" "SECID227"
.cindex "&'Received:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Received:"
A &'Received:'& header line is added at the start of every message. The
contents are defined by the &%received_header_text%& configuration option, and
Exim automatically adds a semicolon and a timestamp to the configured string.
.section "The References: header line" "SECID228"
.cindex "&'References:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "References:"
Messages created by the &(autoreply)& transport include a &'References:'&
header line. This is constructed according to the rules that are described in
section 3.64 of RFC 2822 (which states that replies should contain such a
.section "The Return-path: header line" "SECID229"
.cindex "&'Return-path:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Return-path:"
.oindex "&%return_path_remove%&"
&'Return-path:'& header lines are defined as something an MTA may insert when
it does the final delivery of messages. (See the generic &%return_path_add%&
.section "The Sender: header line" "SECTthesenhea"
.cindex "&'Sender:'& header line"
.cindex "message" "submission"
+.cindex "header lines" "Sender:"
For a locally-originated message from an untrusted user, Exim may remove an
existing &'Sender:'& header line, and it may add a new one. You can modify
these actions by setting the &%local_sender_retain%& option true, the
Multiple &%headers_remove%& options for a single router or transport can be
specified; the arguments will append to a single header-names list.
Each item is separately expanded.
+Note that colons in complex expansions which are used to
+form all or part of a &%headers_remove%& list
+will act as list separators.
When &%headers_add%& or &%headers_remove%& is specified on a router,
items are expanded at routing time,
When Exim receives a VRFY or EXPN command on a TCP/IP connection, it
runs the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_vrfy%& or &%acl_smtp_expn%& (as
appropriate) in order to decide whether the command should be accepted or not.
-If no ACL is defined, the command is rejected.
.cindex "VRFY" "processing"
+When no ACL is defined for VRFY, or if it rejects without
+setting an explicit response code, the command is accepted
+(with a 252 SMTP response code)
+in order to support awkward clients that do a VRFY before every RCPT.
When VRFY is accepted, it runs exactly the same code as when Exim is
-called with the &%-bv%& option.
+called with the &%-bv%& option, and returns 250/451/550
+SMTP response codes.
.cindex "EXPN" "processing"
+If no ACL for EXPN is defined, the command is rejected.
When EXPN is accepted, a single-level expansion of the address is done.
EXPN is treated as an &"address test"& (similar to the &%-bt%& option) rather
than a verification (the &%-bv%& option). If an unqualified local part is given
The third item is used to introduce any text from pipe transports that is to be
returned to the sender. It is omitted if there is no such text.
.next
-The fourth item is used to introduce the copy of the message that is returned
-as part of the error report.
-.next
-The fifth item is added after the fourth one if the returned message is
-truncated because it is bigger than &%return_size_limit%&.
-.next
-The sixth item is added after the copy of the original message.
+The fourth, fifth and sixth items will be ignored and may be empty.
+The fields exist for back-compatibility
.endlist
The default state (&%bounce_message_file%& unset) is equivalent to the
.code
log_file_path = $spool_directory/log/%slog
.endd
-If you do not specify anything at build time or run time, that is where the
-logs are written.
+If you do not specify anything at build time or run time,
+or if you unset the option at run time (i.e. &`log_file_path = `&),
+that is where the logs are written.
A log file path may also contain &`%D`& or &`%M`& if datestamped log file names
are in use &-- see section &<<SECTdatlogfil>>& below.
timestamp. The flags are:
.display
&`<=`& message arrival
+&`(=`& message fakereject
&`=>`& normal message delivery
&`->`& additional address in same delivery
&`>>`& cutthrough message delivery
session was encrypted, there is an additional X field that records the cipher
suite that was used.
+.cindex log protocol
The protocol is set to &"esmtpsa"& or &"esmtpa"& for messages received from
hosts that have authenticated themselves using the SMTP AUTH command. The first
value is used when the SMTP connection was encrypted (&"secure"&). In this case
.cindex "log" "delivery line"
The format of the single-line entry in the main log that is written for every
delivery is shown in one of the examples below, for local and remote
-deliveries, respectively. Each example has been split into two lines in order
+deliveries, respectively. Each example has been split into multiple lines in order
to fit it on the page:
.code
2002-10-31 08:59:13 16ZCW1-0005MB-00 => marv
flagged with &`->`& instead of &`=>`&. When two or more messages are delivered
down a single SMTP connection, an asterisk follows the IP address in the log
lines for the second and subsequent messages.
+When two or more messages are delivered down a single TLS connection, the
+DNS and some TLS-related information logged for the first message delivered
+will not be present in the log lines for the second and subsequent messages.
+TLS cipher information is still available.
.cindex "delivery" "cutthrough; logging"
.cindex "cutthrough" "logging"
&` `& command list for &"no mail in SMTP session"&
&`CV `& certificate verification status
&`D `& duration of &"no mail in SMTP session"&
+&`DKIM`& domain verified in incoming message
&`DN `& distinguished name from peer certificate
+&`DS `& DNSSEC secured lookups
&`DT `& on &`=>`& lines: time taken for a delivery
&`F `& sender address (on delivery lines)
&`H `& host name and IP address
&`I `& local interface used
+&`K `& CHUNKING extension used
&`id `& message id for incoming message
+&`M8S `& 8BITMIME status for incoming message
&`P `& on &`<=`& lines: protocol used
&` `& on &`=>`& and &`**`& lines: return path
+&`PRDR`& PRDR extension used
+&`PRX `& on &`<=`& and &`=>`& lines: proxy address
+&`Q `& alternate queue name
&`QT `& on &`=>`& lines: time spent on queue so far
&` `& on &"Completed"& lines: time spent on queue
&`R `& on &`<=`& lines: reference for local bounce
-&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
-&`S `& size of message
+&` `& on &`=>`& &`>>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
+&`RT `& on &`<=`& lines: time taken for reception
+&`S `& size of message in bytes
&`SNI `& server name indication from TLS client hello
&`ST `& shadow transport name
&`T `& on &`<=`& lines: message subject (topic)
+&`TFO `& connection took advantage of TCP Fast Open
&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: transport name
&`U `& local user or RFC 1413 identity
&`X `& TLS cipher suite
.endd
failed. The delivery was discarded.
.endlist olist
+.next
+.new
+.cindex DKIM "log line"
+&'DKIM: d='&&~&~Verbose results of a DKIM verification attempt, if enabled for
+logging and the message has a DKIM signature header.
+.wen
.endlist ilist
&`*delay_delivery `& immediate delivery delayed
&` deliver_time `& time taken to perform delivery
&` delivery_size `& add &`S=`&&'nnn'& to => lines
+&`*dkim `& DKIM verified domain on <= lines
+&` dkim_verbose `& separate full DKIM verification result line, per signature
&`*dnslist_defer `& defers of DNS list (aka RBL) lookups
+&` dnssec `& DNSSEC secured lookups
&`*etrn `& ETRN commands
&`*host_lookup_failed `& as it says
&` ident_timeout `& timeout for ident connection
-&` incoming_interface `& incoming interface on <= lines
-&` incoming_port `& incoming port on <= lines
+&` incoming_interface `& local interface on <= and => lines
+&` incoming_port `& remote port on <= lines
&`*lost_incoming_connection `& as it says (includes timeouts)
+&` millisec `& millisecond timestamps and RT,QT,DT,D times
+&` outgoing_interface `& local interface on => lines
&` outgoing_port `& add remote port to => lines
&`*queue_run `& start and end queue runs
&` queue_time `& time on queue for one recipient
&` queue_time_overall `& time on queue for whole message
&` pid `& Exim process id
+&` proxy `& proxy address on <= and => lines
&` received_recipients `& recipients on <= lines
&` received_sender `& sender on <= lines
&`*rejected_header `& header contents on reject log
&`*size_reject `& rejection because too big
&`*skip_delivery `& delivery skipped in a queue run
&`*smtp_confirmation `& SMTP confirmation on => lines
-&` smtp_connection `& SMTP connections
+&` smtp_connection `& incoming SMTP connections
&` smtp_incomplete_transaction`& incomplete SMTP transactions
&` smtp_mailauth `& AUTH argument to MAIL commands
&` smtp_no_mail `& session with no MAIL commands
&` smtp_protocol_error `& SMTP protocol errors
&` smtp_syntax_error `& SMTP syntax errors
&` subject `& contents of &'Subject:'& on <= lines
-&` tls_certificate_verified `& certificate verification status
+&`*tls_certificate_verified `& certificate verification status
&`*tls_cipher `& TLS cipher suite on <= and => lines
&` tls_peerdn `& TLS peer DN on <= and => lines
&` tls_sni `& TLS SNI on <= lines
&` all `& all of the above
.endd
+See also the &%slow_lookup_log%& main configuration option,
+section &<<SECID99>>&
+
More details on each of these items follows:
.ilist
.cindex "log" "delivery duration"
&%deliver_time%&: For each delivery, the amount of real time it has taken to
perform the actual delivery is logged as DT=<&'time'&>, for example, &`DT=1s`&.
+If millisecond logging is enabled, short times will be shown with greater
+precision, eg. &`DT=0.304s`&.
.next
.cindex "log" "message size on delivery"
.cindex "size" "of message"
&%delivery_size%&: For each delivery, the size of message delivered is added to
the &"=>"& line, tagged with S=.
.next
+.new
+.cindex log "DKIM verification"
+.cindex DKIM "verification logging"
+&%dkim%&: For message acceptance log lines, when an DKIM signature in the header
+verifies successfully a tag of DKIM is added, with one of the verified domains.
+.next
+.cindex log "DKIM verification"
+.cindex DKIM "verification logging"
+&%dkim_verbose%&: A log entry is written for each attempted DKIM verification.
+.wen
+.next
.cindex "log" "dnslist defer"
.cindex "DNS list" "logging defer"
.cindex "black list (DNS)"
&%dnslist_defer%&: A log entry is written if an attempt to look up a host in a
DNS black list suffers a temporary error.
.next
+.cindex log dnssec
+.cindex dnssec logging
+&%dnssec%&: For message acceptance and (attempted) delivery log lines, when
+dns lookups gave secure results a tag of DS is added.
+For acceptance this covers the reverse and forward lookups for host name verification.
+It does not cover helo-name verification.
+For delivery this covers the SRV, MX, A and/or AAAA lookups.
+.next
.cindex "log" "ETRN commands"
.cindex "ETRN" "logging"
&%etrn%&: Every valid ETRN command that is received is logged, before the ACL
client's ident port times out.
.next
.cindex "log" "incoming interface"
+.cindex "log" "local interface"
+.cindex "log" "local address and port"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging local address and port"
.cindex "interface" "logging"
&%incoming_interface%&: The interface on which a message was received is added
to the &"<="& line as an IP address in square brackets, tagged by I= and
followed by a colon and the port number. The local interface and port are also
-added to other SMTP log lines, for example &"SMTP connection from"&, and to
-rejection lines.
+added to other SMTP log lines, for example &"SMTP connection from"&, to
+rejection lines, and (despite the name) to outgoing &"=>"& and &"->"& lines.
+The latter can be disabled by turning off the &%outgoing_interface%& option.
+.next
+.cindex log "incoming proxy address"
+.cindex proxy "logging proxy address"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging proxy address"
+&%proxy%&: The internal (closest to the system running Exim) IP address
+of the proxy, tagged by PRX=, on the &"<="& line for a message accepted
+on a proxied connection
+or the &"=>"& line for a message delivered on a proxied connection.
+See &<<SECTproxyInbound>>& for more information.
.next
.cindex "log" "incoming remote port"
.cindex "port" "logging remote"
&%lost_incoming_connection%&: A log line is written when an incoming SMTP
connection is unexpectedly dropped.
.next
+.cindex "log" "millisecond timestamps"
+.cindex millisecond logging
+.cindex timestamps "millisecond, in logs"
+&%millisec%&: Timestamps have a period and three decimal places of finer granularity
+appended to the seconds value.
+.next
+.cindex "log" "outgoing interface"
+.cindex "log" "local interface"
+.cindex "log" "local address and port"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging local address and port"
+.cindex "interface" "logging"
+&%outgoing_interface%&: If &%incoming_interface%& is turned on, then the
+interface on which a message was sent is added to delivery lines as an I= tag
+followed by IP address in square brackets. You can disable this by turning
+off the &%outgoing_interface%& option.
+.next
.cindex "log" "outgoing remote port"
-.cindex "port" "logging outgoint remote"
-.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging ougtoing remote port"
+.cindex "port" "logging outgoing remote"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging outgoing remote port"
&%outgoing_port%&: The remote port number is added to delivery log lines (those
-containing => tags) following the IP address. This option is not included in
-the default setting, because for most ordinary configurations, the remote port
-number is always 25 (the SMTP port).
+containing => tags) following the IP address.
+The local port is also added if &%incoming_interface%& and
+&%outgoing_interface%& are both enabled.
+This option is not included in the default setting, because for most ordinary
+configurations, the remote port number is always 25 (the SMTP port), and the
+local port is a random ephemeral port.
.next
.cindex "log" "process ids in"
.cindex "pid (process id)" "in log lines"
This means that it may be longer than the difference between the arrival and
delivery log line times, because the arrival log line is not written until the
message has been successfully received.
+If millisecond logging is enabled, short times will be shown with greater
+precision, eg. &`QT=1.578s`&.
.next
&%queue_time_overall%&: The amount of time the message has been in the queue on
the local host is logged as QT=<&'time'&> on &"Completed"& lines, for
example, &`QT=3m45s`&. The clock starts when Exim starts to receive the
message, so it includes reception time as well as the total delivery time.
+.new
+.next
+.cindex "log" "receive duration"
+&%receive_time%&: For each message, the amount of real time it has taken to
+perform the reception is logged as RT=<&'time'&>, for example, &`RT=1s`&.
+If millisecond logging is enabled, short times will be shown with greater
+precision, eg. &`RT=0.204s`&.
+.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "recipients"
&%received_recipients%&: The recipients of a message are listed in the main log
.next
.cindex "log" "SMTP connections"
.cindex "SMTP" "logging connections"
-&%smtp_connection%&: A log line is written whenever an SMTP connection is
+&%smtp_connection%&: A log line is written whenever an incoming SMTP connection is
established or closed, unless the connection is from a host that matches
&%hosts_connection_nolog%&. (In contrast, &%lost_incoming_connection%& applies
only when the closure is unexpected.) This applies to connections from local
shows that the client issued QUIT straight after EHLO. If there were fewer
than 20 commands, they are all listed. If there were more than 20 commands,
the last 20 are listed, preceded by &"..."&. However, with the default
-setting of 10 for &%smtp_accep_max_nonmail%&, the connection will in any case
+setting of 10 for &%smtp_accept_max_nonmail%&, the connection will in any case
have been aborted before 20 non-mail commands are processed.
.next
&%smtp_mailauth%&: A third subfield with the authenticated sender,
unchanged, or whether they should be rendered as escape sequences.
.next
.cindex "log" "certificate verification"
+.cindex log DANE
+.cindex DANE logging
&%tls_certificate_verified%&: An extra item is added to <= and => log lines
when TLS is in use. The item is &`CV=yes`& if the peer's certificate was
-verified, and &`CV=no`& if not.
+verified
+.new
+using a CA trust anchor,
+&`CA=dane`& if using a DNS trust anchor,
+.wen
+and &`CV=no`& if not.
.next
.cindex "log" "TLS cipher"
.cindex "TLS" "logging cipher"
The &*-C*& option is used to specify an alternate &_exim.conf_& which might
contain alternate exim configuration the queue management might be using.
-to obtain a queue listing, and then greps the output to select messages
+to obtain a queue listing, and then greps the output to select messages
that match given criteria. The following selection options are available:
.vlist
exiqgrep -f '^<>$'
.endd
.vitem &*-r*&&~<&'regex'&>
-Match a recipient address using a case-insensitve search. The field that is
+Match a recipient address using a case-insensitive search. The field that is
tested is not enclosed in angle brackets.
.vitem &*-s*&&~<&'regex'&>
If a matching log line is not associated with a specific message, it is
included in &'exigrep'&'s output without any additional lines. The usage is:
.display
-&`exigrep [-t<`&&'n'&&`>] [-I] [-l] [-v] <`&&'pattern'&&`> [<`&&'log file'&&`>] ...`&
+&`exigrep [-t<`&&'n'&&`>] [-I] [-l] [-M] [-v] <`&&'pattern'&&`> [<`&&'log file'&&`>] ...`&
.endd
If no log file names are given on the command line, the standard input is read.
The &%-v%& option inverts the matching condition. That is, a line is selected
if it does &'not'& match the pattern.
+The &%-M%& options means &"related messages"&. &'exigrep'& will show messages
+that are generated as a result/response to a message that &'exigrep'& matched
+normally.
+
+Example of &%-M%&:
+user_a sends a message to user_b, which generates a bounce back to user_b. If
+&'exigrep'& is used to search for &"user_a"&, only the first message will be
+displayed. But if &'exigrep'& is used to search for &"user_b"&, the first and
+the second (bounce) message will be displayed. Using &%-M%& with &'exigrep'&
+when searching for &"user_a"& will show both messages since the bounce is
+&"related"& to or a &"result"& of the first message that was found by the
+search term.
+
If the location of a &'zcat'& command is known from the definition of
ZCAT_COMMAND in &_Local/Makefile_&, &'exigrep'& automatically passes any file
whose name ends in COMPRESS_SUFFIX through &'zcat'& as it searches it.
+If the ZCAT_COMMAND is not executable, &'exigrep'& tries to use
+autodetection of some well known compression extensions.
.section "Selecting messages by various criteria (exipick)" "SECTexipick"
.cindex "&'exipick'&"
John Jetmore's &'exipick'& utility is included in the Exim distribution. It
lists messages from the queue according to a variety of criteria. For details
-of &'exipick'&'s facilities, visit the web page at
-&url(http://www.exim.org/eximwiki/ToolExipickManPage) or run &'exipick'& with
+of &'exipick'&'s facilities, run &'exipick'& with
the &%--help%& option.
.next
Serializing delivery to a specific host (when &%serialize_hosts%& is set in an
&(smtp)& transport)
+.next
+Limiting the concurrency of specific transports (when &%max_parallel%& is set
+in a transport)
.endlist
Administrators who use embedded Perl are advised to explore how Perl's
taint checking might apply to their usage.
.next
-Use of &%${expand...}%& is somewhat analagous to shell's eval builtin and
+Use of &%${expand...}%& is somewhat analogous to shell's eval builtin and
administrators are well advised to view its use with suspicion, in case (for
instance) it allows a local-part to contain embedded Exim directives.
.next
unprivileged), Exim must be built to allow group read access to its spool
files.
+By default, regular users are trusted to perform basic testing and
+introspection commands, as themselves. This setting can be tightened by
+setting the &%commandline_checks_require_admin%& option.
+This affects most of the checking options,
+such as &%-be%& and anything else &%-b*%&.
.section "Spool files" "SECID275"
.next
.vindex "&$body_linecount$&"
If you change the number of lines in the file, the value of
-&$body_linecount$&, which is stored in the -H file, will be incorrect. At
-present, this value is not used by Exim, but there is no guarantee that this
-will always be the case.
+&$body_linecount$&, which is stored in the -H file, will be incorrect and can
+cause incomplete transmission of messages or undeliverable messages.
.next
If the message is in MIME format, you must take care not to break it.
.next
-J file and uses it to update the -H file before starting the next delivery
attempt.
+Files whose names end with -K or .eml may also be seen in the spool.
+These are temporaries used for DKIM or malware processing, when that is used.
+They should be tidied up by normal operations; any old ones are probably
+relics of crashes and can be removed.
+
.section "Format of the -H file" "SECID282"
.cindex "uid (user id)" "in spool file"
.cindex "gid (group id)" "in spool file"
&$authenticated_sender$& variable.
.vitem "&%-body_linecount%&&~<&'number'&>"
-This records the number of lines in the body of the message, and is always
-present.
+This records the number of lines in the body of the message, and is
+present unless &%-spool_file_wireformat%& is.
.vitem "&%-body_zerocount%&&~<&'number'&>"
This records the number of binary zero bytes in the body of the message, and is
If a message was scanned by SpamAssassin, this is present. It records the value
of &$spam_score_int$&.
+.vitem &%-spool_file_wireformat%&
+The -D file for this message is in wire-format (for ESMTP CHUNKING)
+rather than Unix-format.
+The line-ending is CRLF rather than newline.
+There is still, however, no leading-dot-stuffing.
+
.vitem &%-tls_certificate_verified%&
A TLS certificate was received from the client that sent this message, and the
certificate was verified by the server.
.ecindex IIDforspo2
.ecindex IIDforspo3
+.section "Format of the -D file" "SECID282a"
+The data file is traditionally in Unix-standard format: lines are ended with
+an ASCII newline character.
+However, when the &%spool_wireformat%& main option is used some -D files
+can have an alternate format.
+This is flagged by a &%-spool_file_wireformat%& line in the corresponding -H file.
+The -D file lines (not including the first name-component line) are
+suitable for direct copying to the wire when transmitting using the
+ESMTP CHUNKING option, meaning lower processing overhead.
+Lines are terminated with an ASCII CRLF pair.
+There is no dot-stuffing (and no dot-termination).
+
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.chapter "Support for DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)" "CHAPdkim" &&&
- "DKIM Support"
+.chapter "DKIM and SPF" "CHAPdkim" &&&
+ "DKIM and SPF Support"
.cindex "DKIM"
+.section "DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)" SECDKIM
+
DKIM is a mechanism by which messages sent by some entity can be provably
linked to a domain which that entity controls. It permits reputation to
be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address.
-DKIM is documented in RFC 4871.
+DKIM is documented in RFC 6376.
+
+.new
+As DKIM relies on the message being unchanged in transit, messages handled
+by a mailing-list (which traditionally adds to the message) will not match
+any original DKIM signature.
+.wen
-Since version 4.70, DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default. It can be
-disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in Local/Makefile.
+DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default if TLS support is present.
+It can be disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in &_Local/Makefile_&.
-Exim's DKIM implementation allows to
+Exim's DKIM implementation allows for
.olist
-Sign outgoing messages: This function is implemented in the SMTP transport.
+Signing outgoing messages: This function is implemented in the SMTP transport.
It can co-exist with all other Exim features
(including transport filters)
except cutthrough delivery.
.next
-Verify signatures in incoming messages: This is implemented by an additional
+Verifying signatures in incoming messages: This is implemented by an additional
ACL (acl_smtp_dkim), which can be called several times per message, with
different signature contexts.
.endlist
default "policy". Instead it enables you to build your own policy using
Exim's standard controls.
+.new
Please note that verification of DKIM signatures in incoming mail is turned
-on by default for logging purposes. For each signature in incoming email,
+on by default for logging (in the <= line) purposes.
+
+Additional log detail can be enabled using the &%dkim_verbose%& log_selector.
+When set, for each signature in incoming email,
exim will log a line displaying the most important signature details, and the
signature status. Here is an example (with line-breaks added for clarity):
.code
c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1
i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded]
.endd
+.wen
+
You might want to turn off DKIM verification processing entirely for internal
or relay mail sources. To do that, set the &%dkim_disable_verify%& ACL
control modifier. This should typically be done in the RCPT ACL, at points
senders).
-.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECID513"
+.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECDKIMSIGN"
.cindex "DKIM" "signing"
-Signing is implemented by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
-These options take (expandable) strings as arguments.
+.new
+For signing to be usable you must have published a DKIM record in DNS.
+Note that RFC 8301 says:
+.code
+rsa-sha1 MUST NOT be used for signing or verifying.
-.option dkim_domain smtp string&!! unset
-MANDATORY:
-The domain you want to sign with. The result of this expanded
-option is put into the &%$dkim_domain%& expansion variable.
+Signers MUST use RSA keys of at least 1024 bits for all keys.
+Signers SHOULD use RSA keys of at least 2048 bits.
+.endd
-.option dkim_selector smtp string&!! unset
-MANDATORY:
-This sets the key selector string. You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& expansion
-variable to look up a matching selector. The result is put in the expansion
-variable &%$dkim_selector%& which should be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
+Note also that the key content (the 'p=' field)
+in the DNS record is different between RSA and EC keys;
+for the former it is the base64 of the ASN.1 for the RSA public key
+(equivalent to the private-key .pem with the header/trailer stripped)
+but for EC keys it is the base64 of the pure key; no ASN.1 wrapping.
+.wen
+
+Signing is enabled by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
+These options take (expandable) strings as arguments.
+
+.option dkim_domain smtp string list&!! unset
+The domain(s) you want to sign with.
+After expansion, this can be a list.
+Each element in turn is put into the &%$dkim_domain%& expansion variable
+while expanding the remaining signing options.
+If it is empty after expansion, DKIM signing is not done,
+and no error will result even if &%dkim_strict%& is set.
+
+.option dkim_selector smtp string list&!! unset
+This sets the key selector string.
+After expansion, which can use &$dkim_domain$&, this can be a list.
+Each element in turn is put in the expansion
+variable &%$dkim_selector%& which may be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
option along with &%$dkim_domain%&.
+If the option is empty after expansion, DKIM signing is not done for this domain,
+and no error will result even if &%dkim_strict%& is set.
.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
-MANDATORY:
-This sets the private key to use. You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& and
+This sets the private key to use.
+You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& and
&%$dkim_selector%& expansion variables to determine the private key to use.
The result can either
.ilist
-be a valid RSA private key in ASCII armor, including line breaks.
+be a valid RSA private key in ASCII armor (.pem file), including line breaks
+.new
+.next
+with GnuTLS 3.6.0 or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later,
+be a valid Ed25519 private key (same format as above)
+.wen
.next
start with a slash, in which case it is treated as a file that contains
-the private key.
+the private key
.next
be "0", "false" or the empty string, in which case the message will not
be signed. This case will not result in an error, even if &%dkim_strict%&
is set.
.endlist
+.new
+To generate keys under OpenSSL:
+.code
+openssl genrsa -out dkim_rsa.private 2048
+openssl rsa -in dkim_rsa.private -out /dev/stdout -pubout -outform PEM
+.endd
+Take the base-64 lines from the output of the second command, concatenated,
+for the DNS TXT record.
+See section 3.6 of RFC6376 for the record specification.
+
+Under GnuTLS:
+.code
+certtool --generate-privkey --rsa --bits=2048 --password='' -8 --outfile=dkim_rsa.private
+certtool --load-privkey=dkim_rsa.private --pubkey-info
+.endd
+
+Note that RFC 8301 says:
+.code
+Signers MUST use RSA keys of at least 1024 bits for all keys.
+Signers SHOULD use RSA keys of at least 2048 bits.
+.endd
+
+Support for EC keys is being developed under
+&url(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dcrup-dkim-crypto/).
+They are considerably smaller than RSA keys for equivalent protection.
+As they are a recent development, users should consider dual-signing
+(by setting a list of selectors, and an expansion for this option)
+for some transition period.
+The "_CRYPTO_SIGN_ED25519" macro will be defined if support is present
+for EC keys.
+
+OpenSSL 1.1.1 and GnuTLS 3.6.0 can create Ed25519 private keys:
+.code
+openssl genpkey -algorithm ed25519 -out dkim_ed25519.private
+certtool --generate-privkey --key-type=ed25519 --outfile=dkim_ed25519.private
+.endd
+
+To produce the required public key value for a DNS record:
+.code
+openssl pkey -outform DER -pubout -in dkim_ed25519.private | tail -c +13 | base64
+certtool --load_privkey=dkim_ed25519.private --pubkey_info --outder | tail -c +13 | base64
+.endd
+.wen
+
+.option dkim_hash smtp string&!! sha256
+Can be set alternatively to &"sha1"& to use an alternate hash
+method.
+
+.new
+Note that RFC 8301 says:
+.code
+rsa-sha1 MUST NOT be used for signing or verifying.
+.endd
+.wen
+
+.option dkim_identity smtp string&!! unset
+If set after expansion, the value is used to set an "i=" tag in
+the signing header. The DKIM standards restrict the permissible
+syntax of this optional tag to a mail address, with possibly-empty
+local part, an @, and a domain identical to or subdomain of the "d="
+tag value. Note that Exim does not check the value.
+
.option dkim_canon smtp string&!! unset
-OPTIONAL:
This option sets the canonicalization method used when signing a message.
The DKIM RFC currently supports two methods: "simple" and "relaxed".
The option defaults to "relaxed" when unset. Note: the current implementation
only supports using the same canonicalization method for both headers and body.
.option dkim_strict smtp string&!! unset
-OPTIONAL:
This option defines how Exim behaves when signing a message that
should be signed fails for some reason. When the expansion evaluates to
either "1" or "true", Exim will defer. Otherwise Exim will send the message
unsigned. You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& and &%$dkim_selector%& expansion
variables here.
-.option dkim_sign_headers smtp string&!! unset
-OPTIONAL:
-When set, this option must expand to (or be specified as) a colon-separated
-list of header names. Headers with these names will be included in the message
-signature. When unspecified, the header names recommended in RFC4871 will be
-used.
-
-
-.section "Verifying DKIM signatures in incoming mail" "SECID514"
+.option dkim_sign_headers smtp string&!! "see below"
+If set, this option must expand to a colon-separated
+list of header names.
+Headers with these names, or the absence or such a header, will be included
+in the message signature.
+When unspecified, the header names listed in RFC4871 will be used,
+whether or not each header is present in the message.
+The default list is available for the expansion in the macro
+"_DKIM_SIGN_HEADERS".
+
+If a name is repeated, multiple headers by that name (or the absence thereof)
+will be signed. The textually later headers in the headers part of the
+message are signed first, if there are multiples.
+
+A name can be prefixed with either an '=' or a '+' character.
+If an '=' prefix is used, all headers that are present with this name
+will be signed.
+If a '+' prefix if used, all headers that are present with this name
+will be signed, and one signature added for a missing header with the
+name will be appended.
+
+
+.section "Verifying DKIM signatures in incoming mail" "SECDKIMVFY"
.cindex "DKIM" "verification"
-Verification of DKIM signatures in incoming email is implemented via the
+Verification of DKIM signatures in SMTP incoming email is implemented via the
&%acl_smtp_dkim%& ACL. By default, this ACL is called once for each
syntactically(!) correct signature in the incoming message.
A missing ACL definition defaults to accept.
-If any ACL call does not acccept, the message is not accepted.
-If a cutthrough delivery was in progress for the message it is
+If any ACL call does not accept, the message is not accepted.
+If a cutthrough delivery was in progress for the message, that is
summarily dropped (having wasted the transmission effort).
To evaluate the signature in the ACL a large number of expansion variables
containing the signature status and its details are set up during the
runtime of the ACL.
+.new
+.cindex authentication "expansion item"
+Performing verification sets up information used by the
+&$authresults$& expansion item.
+.wen
+
Calling the ACL only for existing signatures is not sufficient to build
more advanced policies. For that reason, the global option
&%dkim_verify_signers%&, and a global expansion variable
If a domain or identity is listed several times in the (expanded) value of
&%dkim_verify_signers%&, the ACL is only called once for that domain or identity.
+If multiple signatures match a domain (or identity), the ACL is called once
+for each matching signature.
+
Inside the &%acl_smtp_dkim%&, the following expansion variables are
available (from most to least important):
The signer that is being evaluated in this ACL run. This can be a domain or
an identity. This is one of the list items from the expanded main option
&%dkim_verify_signers%& (see above).
+
.vitem &%$dkim_verify_status%&
-A string describing the general status of the signature. One of
+Within the DKIM ACL,
+a string describing the general status of the signature. One of
.ilist
&%none%&: There is no signature in the message for the current domain or
identity (as reflected by &%$dkim_cur_signer%&).
.next
&%pass%&: The signature passed verification. It is valid.
.endlist
+
+This variable can be overwritten using an ACL 'set' modifier.
+This might, for instance, be done to enforce a policy restriction on
+hash-method or key-size:
+.code
+ warn condition = ${if eq {$dkim_verify_status}{pass}}
+ condition = ${if eq {$len_3:$dkim_algo}{rsa}}
+ condition = ${if or {eq {$dkim_algo}{rsa-sha1}} \
+ {< {$dkim_key_length}{1024}} }
+ logwrite = NOTE: forcing dkim verify fail (was pass)
+ set dkim_verify_status = fail
+ set dkim_verify_reason = hash too weak or key too short
+.endd
+
+After all the DKIM ACL runs have completed, the value becomes a
+colon-separated list of the values after each run.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_verify_reason%&
-A string giving a litte bit more detail when &%$dkim_verify_status%& is either
+A string giving a little bit more detail when &%$dkim_verify_status%& is either
"fail" or "invalid". One of
.ilist
&%pubkey_unavailable%& (when &%$dkim_verify_status%&="invalid"): The public
re-written or otherwise changed in a way which is incompatible with
DKIM verification. It may of course also mean that the signature is forged.
.endlist
+
+This variable can be overwritten, with any value, using an ACL 'set' modifier.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_domain%&
The signing domain. IMPORTANT: This variable is only populated if there is
an actual signature in the message for the current domain or identity (as
reflected by &%$dkim_cur_signer%&).
+
.vitem &%$dkim_identity%&
The signing identity, if present. IMPORTANT: This variable is only populated
if there is an actual signature in the message for the current domain or
identity (as reflected by &%$dkim_cur_signer%&).
+
.vitem &%$dkim_selector%&
The key record selector string.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_algo%&
The algorithm used. One of 'rsa-sha1' or 'rsa-sha256'.
+.new
+If running under GnuTLS 3.6.0 or OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later,
+may also be 'ed25519-sha256'.
+The "_CRYPTO_SIGN_ED25519" macro will be defined if support is present
+for EC keys.
+.wen
+
+.new
+Note that RFC 8301 says:
+.code
+rsa-sha1 MUST NOT be used for signing or verifying.
+
+DKIM signatures identified as having been signed with historic
+algorithms (currently, rsa-sha1) have permanently failed evaluation
+.endd
+
+To enforce this you must have a DKIM ACL which checks this variable
+and overwrites the &$dkim_verify_status$& variable as discussed above.
+.wen
+
.vitem &%$dkim_canon_body%&
The body canonicalization method. One of 'relaxed' or 'simple'.
-.vitem &%dkim_canon_headers%&
+
+.vitem &%$dkim_canon_headers%&
The header canonicalization method. One of 'relaxed' or 'simple'.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_copiedheaders%&
A transcript of headers and their values which are included in the signature
(copied from the 'z=' tag of the signature).
+Note that RFC6376 requires that verification fail if the From: header is
+not included in the signature. Exim does not enforce this; sites wishing
+strict enforcement should code the check explicitly.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_bodylength%&
The number of signed body bytes. If zero ("0"), the body is unsigned. If no
limit was set by the signer, "9999999999999" is returned. This makes sure
that this variable always expands to an integer value.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_created%&
UNIX timestamp reflecting the date and time when the signature was created.
When this was not specified by the signer, "0" is returned.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_expires%&
UNIX timestamp reflecting the date and time when the signer wants the
signature to be treated as "expired". When this was not specified by the
signer, "9999999999999" is returned. This makes it possible to do useful
integer size comparisons against this value.
+.new
+Note that Exim does not check this value.
+.wen
+
.vitem &%$dkim_headernames%&
A colon-separated list of names of headers included in the signature.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_key_testing%&
"1" if the key record has the "testing" flag set, "0" if not.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_key_nosubdomains%&
"1" if the key record forbids subdomaining, "0" otherwise.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_key_srvtype%&
Service type (tag s=) from the key record. Defaults to "*" if not specified
in the key record.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_key_granularity%&
Key granularity (tag g=) from the key record. Defaults to "*" if not specified
in the key record.
+
.vitem &%$dkim_key_notes%&
Notes from the key record (tag n=).
+
+.vitem &%$dkim_key_length%&
+Number of bits in the key.
+
+.new
+Note that RFC 8301 says:
+.code
+Verifiers MUST NOT consider signatures using RSA keys of
+less than 1024 bits as valid signatures.
+.endd
+
+To enforce this you must have a DKIM ACL which checks this variable
+and overwrites the &$dkim_verify_status$& variable as discussed above.
+As EC keys are much smaller, the check should only do this for RSA keys.
+.wen
+
.endlist
In addition, two ACL conditions are provided:
verb to a group of domains or identities. For example:
.code
-# Warn when Mail purportedly from GMail has no signature at all
-warn log_message = GMail sender without DKIM signature
+# Warn when Mail purportedly from GMail has no gmail signature
+warn log_message = GMail sender without gmail.com DKIM signature
sender_domains = gmail.com
dkim_signers = gmail.com
dkim_status = none
.endd
+Note that the above does not check for a total lack of DKIM signing;
+for that check for empty &$h_DKIM-Signature:$& in the data ACL.
+
.vitem &%dkim_status%&
ACL condition that checks a colon-separated list of possible DKIM verification
results against the actual result of verification. This is typically used
for more information of what they mean.
.endlist
+
+
+
+.new
+.section "SPF (Sender Policy Framework)" SECSPF
+.cindex SPF verification
+
+SPF is a mechanism whereby a domain may assert which IP addresses may transmit
+messages with its domain in the envelope from, documented by RFC 7208.
+For more information on SPF see &url(http://www.openspf.org).
+
+Messages sent by a system not authorised will fail checking of such assertions.
+This includes retransmissions done by traditional forwarders.
+
+SPF verification support is built into Exim if SUPPORT_SPF=yes is set in
+&_Local/Makefile_&. The support uses the &_libspf2_& library
+&url(http://www.libspf2.org/).
+There is no Exim involvement on the trasmission of messages; publishing certain
+DNS records is all that is required.
+
+For verification, an ACL condition and an expansion lookup are provided.
+.new
+.cindex authentication "expansion item"
+Performing verification sets up information used by the
+&$authresults$& expansion item.
+.wen
+
+
+.cindex SPF "ACL condition"
+.cindex ACL "spf condition"
+The ACL condition "spf" can be used at or after the MAIL ACL.
+It takes as an argument a list of strings giving the outcome of the SPF check,
+and will succeed for any matching outcome.
+Valid strings are:
+.vlist
+.vitem &%pass%&
+The SPF check passed, the sending host is positively verified by SPF.
+
+.vitem &%fail%&
+The SPF check failed, the sending host is NOT allowed to send mail for the
+domain in the envelope-from address.
+
+.vitem &%softfail%&
+The SPF check failed, but the queried domain can't absolutely confirm that this
+is a forgery.
+
+.vitem &%none%&
+The queried domain does not publish SPF records.
+
+.vitem &%neutral%&
+The SPF check returned a "neutral" state. This means the queried domain has
+published a SPF record, but wants to allow outside servers to send mail under
+its domain as well. This should be treated like "none".
+
+.vitem &%permerror%&
+This indicates a syntax error in the SPF record of the queried domain.
+You may deny messages when this occurs.
+
+.vitem &%temperror%&
+This indicates a temporary error during all processing, including Exim's
+SPF processing. You may defer messages when this occurs.
+.endlist
+
+You can prefix each string with an exclamation mark to invert
+its meaning, for example "!fail" will match all results but
+"fail". The string list is evaluated left-to-right, in a
+short-circuit fashion.
+
+Example:
+.code
+deny spf = fail
+ message = $sender_host_address is not allowed to send mail from \
+ ${if def:sender_address_domain \
+ {$sender_address_domain}{$sender_helo_name}}. \
+ Please see http://www.openspf.org/Why?scope=\
+ ${if def:sender_address_domain {mfrom}{helo}};\
+ identity=${if def:sender_address_domain \
+ {$sender_address}{$sender_helo_name}};\
+ ip=$sender_host_address
+.endd
+
+When the spf condition has run, it sets up several expansion
+variables:
+
+.cindex SPF "verification variables"
+.vlist
+.vitem &$spf_header_comment$&
+.vindex &$spf_header_comment$&
+ This contains a human-readable string describing the outcome
+ of the SPF check. You can add it to a custom header or use
+ it for logging purposes.
+
+.vitem &$spf_received$&
+.vindex &$spf_received$&
+ This contains a complete Received-SPF: header that can be
+ added to the message. Please note that according to the SPF
+ draft, this header must be added at the top of the header
+ list. Please see section 10 on how you can do this.
+
+ Note: in case of "Best-guess" (see below), the convention is
+ to put this string in a header called X-SPF-Guess: instead.
+
+.vitem &$spf_result$&
+.vindex &$spf_result$&
+ This contains the outcome of the SPF check in string form,
+ one of pass, fail, softfail, none, neutral, permerror or
+ temperror.
+
+.vitem &$spf_result_guessed$&
+.vindex &$spf_result_guessed$&
+ This boolean is true only if a best-guess operation was used
+ and required in order to obtain a result.
+
+.vitem &$spf_smtp_comment$&
+.vindex &$spf_smtp_comment$&
+ This contains a string that can be used in a SMTP response
+ to the calling party. Useful for "fail".
+.endlist
+
+
+.cindex SPF "ACL condition"
+.cindex ACL "spf_guess condition"
+.cindex SPF "best guess"
+In addition to SPF, you can also perform checks for so-called
+"Best-guess". Strictly speaking, "Best-guess" is not standard
+SPF, but it is supported by the same framework that enables SPF
+capability.
+Refer to &url(http://www.openspf.org/FAQ/Best_guess_record)
+for a description of what it means.
+
+To access this feature, simply use the spf_guess condition in place
+of the spf one. For example:
+
+.code
+deny spf_guess = fail
+ message = $sender_host_address doesn't look trustworthy to me
+.endd
+
+In case you decide to reject messages based on this check, you
+should note that although it uses the same framework, "Best-guess"
+is not SPF, and therefore you should not mention SPF at all in your
+reject message.
+
+When the spf_guess condition has run, it sets up the same expansion
+variables as when spf condition is run, described above.
+
+Additionally, since Best-guess is not standardized, you may redefine
+what "Best-guess" means to you by redefining the main configuration
+&%spf_guess%& option.
+For example, the following:
+
+.code
+spf_guess = v=spf1 a/16 mx/16 ptr ?all
+.endd
+
+would relax host matching rules to a broader network range.
+
+
+.cindex SPF "lookup expansion"
+.cindex lookup spf
+A lookup expansion is also available. It takes an email
+address as the key and an IP address as the database:
+
+.code
+ ${lookup {username@domain} spf {ip.ip.ip.ip}}
+.endd
+
+The lookup will return the same result strings as they can appear in
+&$spf_result$& (pass,fail,softfail,neutral,none,err_perm,err_temp).
+Currently, only IPv4 addresses are supported.
+
+
+. wen-for SPF section
+.wen
+
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "Proxies" "CHAPproxies" &&&
+ "Proxy support"
+.cindex "proxy support"
+.cindex "proxy" "access via"
+
+A proxy is an intermediate system through which communication is passed.
+Proxies may provide a security, availability or load-distribution function.
+
+
+.section "Inbound proxies" SECTproxyInbound
+.cindex proxy inbound
+.cindex proxy "server side"
+.cindex proxy "Proxy protocol"
+.cindex "Proxy protocol" proxy
+
+Exim has support for receiving inbound SMTP connections via a proxy
+that uses &"Proxy Protocol"& to speak to it.
+To include this support, include &"SUPPORT_PROXY=yes"&
+in Local/Makefile.
+
+It was built on specifications from:
+(&url(http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt)).
+That URL was revised in May 2014 to version 2 spec:
+(&url(http://git.1wt.eu/web?p=haproxy.git;a=commitdiff;h=afb768340c9d7e50d8e)).
+
+The purpose of this facility is so that an application load balancer,
+such as HAProxy, can sit in front of several Exim servers
+to distribute load.
+Exim uses the local protocol communication with the proxy to obtain
+the remote SMTP system IP address and port information.
+There is no logging if a host passes or
+fails Proxy Protocol negotiation, but it can easily be determined and
+recorded in an ACL (example is below).
+
+Use of a proxy is enabled by setting the &%hosts_proxy%&
+main configuration option to a hostlist; connections from these
+hosts will use Proxy Protocol.
+Exim supports both version 1 and version 2 of the Proxy Protocol and
+automatically determines which version is in use.
+
+The Proxy Protocol header is the first data received on a TCP connection
+and is inserted before any TLS-on-connect handshake from the client; Exim
+negotiates TLS between Exim-as-server and the remote client, not between
+Exim and the proxy server.
+
+The following expansion variables are usable
+(&"internal"& and &"external"& here refer to the interfaces
+of the proxy):
+.display
+&'proxy_external_address '& IP of host being proxied or IP of remote interface of proxy
+&'proxy_external_port '& Port of host being proxied or Port on remote interface of proxy
+&'proxy_local_address '& IP of proxy server inbound or IP of local interface of proxy
+&'proxy_local_port '& Port of proxy server inbound or Port on local interface of proxy
+&'proxy_session '& boolean: SMTP connection via proxy
+.endd
+If &$proxy_session$& is set but &$proxy_external_address$& is empty
+there was a protocol error.
+
+Since the real connections are all coming from the proxy, and the
+per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is
+evaluated, &%smtp_accept_max_per_host%& must be set high enough to
+handle all of the parallel volume you expect per inbound proxy.
+With the option set so high, you lose the ability
+to protect your server from many connections from one IP.
+In order to prevent your server from overload, you
+need to add a per connection ratelimit to your connect ACL.
+A possible solution is:
+.display
+ # Set max number of connections per host
+ LIMIT = 5
+ # Or do some kind of IP lookup in a flat file or database
+ # LIMIT = ${lookup{$sender_host_address}iplsearch{/etc/exim/proxy_limits}}
+
+ defer message = Too many connections from this IP right now
+ ratelimit = LIMIT / 5s / per_conn / strict
+.endd
+
+
+
+.section "Outbound proxies" SECTproxySOCKS
+.cindex proxy outbound
+.cindex proxy "client side"
+.cindex proxy SOCKS
+.cindex SOCKS proxy
+Exim has support for sending outbound SMTP via a proxy
+using a protocol called SOCKS5 (defined by RFC1928).
+The support can be optionally included by defining SUPPORT_SOCKS=yes in
+Local/Makefile.
+
+Use of a proxy is enabled by setting the &%socks_proxy%& option
+on an smtp transport.
+The option value is expanded and should then be a list
+(colon-separated by default) of proxy specifiers.
+Each proxy specifier is a list
+(space-separated by default) where the initial element
+is an IP address and any subsequent elements are options.
+
+Options are a string <name>=<value>.
+The list of options is in the following table:
+.display
+&'auth '& authentication method
+&'name '& authentication username
+&'pass '& authentication password
+&'port '& tcp port
+&'tmo '& connection timeout
+&'pri '& priority
+&'weight '& selection bias
+.endd
+
+More details on each of these options follows:
+
+.ilist
+.cindex authentication "to proxy"
+.cindex proxy authentication
+&%auth%&: Either &"none"& (default) or &"name"&.
+Using &"name"& selects username/password authentication per RFC 1929
+for access to the proxy.
+Default is &"none"&.
+.next
+&%name%&: sets the username for the &"name"& authentication method.
+Default is empty.
+.next
+&%pass%&: sets the password for the &"name"& authentication method.
+Default is empty.
+.next
+&%port%&: the TCP port number to use for the connection to the proxy.
+Default is 1080.
+.next
+&%tmo%&: sets a connection timeout in seconds for this proxy.
+Default is 5.
+.next
+&%pri%&: specifies a priority for the proxy within the list,
+higher values being tried first.
+The default priority is 1.
+.next
+&%weight%&: specifies a selection bias.
+Within a priority set servers are queried in a random fashion,
+weighted by this value.
+The default value for selection bias is 1.
+.endlist
+
+Proxies from the list are tried according to their priority
+and weight settings until one responds. The timeout for the
+overall connection applies to the set of proxied attempts.
+
+.section Logging SECTproxyLog
+To log the (local) IP of a proxy in the incoming or delivery logline,
+add &"+proxy"& to the &%log_selector%& option.
+This will add a component tagged with &"PRX="& to the line.
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "Internationalisation" "CHAPi18n" &&&
+ "Internationalisation""
+.cindex internationalisation "email address"
+.cindex EAI
+.cindex i18n
+.cindex utf8 "mail name handling"
+
+Exim has support for Internationalised mail names.
+To include this it must be built with SUPPORT_I18N and the libidn library.
+Standards supported are RFCs 2060, 5890, 6530 and 6533.
+
+If Exim is built with SUPPORT_I18N_2008 (in addition to SUPPORT_I18N, not
+instead of it) then IDNA2008 is supported; this adds an extra library
+requirement, upon libidn2.
+
+.section "MTA operations" SECTi18nMTA
+.cindex SMTPUTF8 "ESMTP option"
+The main configuration option &%smtputf8_advertise_hosts%& specifies
+a host list. If this matches the sending host and
+accept_8bitmime is true (the default) then the ESMTP option
+SMTPUTF8 will be advertised.
+
+If the sender specifies the SMTPUTF8 option on a MAIL command
+international handling for the message is enabled and
+the expansion variable &$message_smtputf8$& will have value TRUE.
+
+The option &%allow_utf8_domains%& is set to true for this
+message. All DNS lookups are converted to a-label form
+whatever the setting of &%allow_utf8_domains%&
+when Exim is built with SUPPORT_I18N.
+
+Both localparts and domain are maintained as the original
+UTF-8 form internally; any comparison or regular-expression use will
+require appropriate care. Filenames created, eg. by
+the appendfile transport, will have UTF-8 names.
+
+HELO names sent by the smtp transport will have any UTF-8
+components expanded to a-label form,
+and any certificate name checks will be done using the a-label
+form of the name.
+
+.cindex log protocol
+.cindex SMTPUTF8 logging
+.cindex i18n logging
+Log lines and Received-by: header lines will acquire a "utf8"
+prefix on the protocol element, eg. utf8esmtp.
+
+The following expansion operators can be used:
+.code
+${utf8_domain_to_alabel:str}
+${utf8_domain_from_alabel:str}
+${utf8_localpart_to_alabel:str}
+${utf8_localpart_from_alabel:str}
+.endd
+
+.cindex utf8 "address downconversion"
+.cindex i18n "utf8 address downconversion"
+.new
+The RCPT ACL
+.wen
+may use the following modifier:
+.display
+control = utf8_downconvert
+control = utf8_downconvert/<value>
+.endd
+This sets a flag requiring that addresses are converted to
+a-label form before smtp delivery, for use in a
+Message Submission Agent context.
+If a value is appended it may be:
+.display
+&`1 `& (default) mandatory downconversion
+&`0 `& no downconversion
+&`-1 `& if SMTPUTF8 not supported by destination host
+.endd
+
+If mua_wrapper is set, the utf8_downconvert control
+is initially set to -1.
+
+
+There is no explicit support for VRFY and EXPN.
+Configurations supporting these should inspect
+&$smtp_command_argument$& for an SMTPUTF8 argument.
+
+There is no support for LMTP on Unix sockets.
+Using the "lmtp" protocol option on an smtp transport,
+for LMTP over TCP, should work as expected.
+
+There is no support for DSN unitext handling,
+and no provision for converting logging from or to UTF-8.
+
+
+
+.section "MDA operations" SECTi18nMDA
+To aid in constructing names suitable for IMAP folders
+the following expansion operator can be used:
+.code
+${imapfolder {<string>} {<sep>} {<specials>}}
+.endd
+
+The string is converted from the charset specified by
+the "headers charset" command (in a filter file)
+or &%headers_charset%& main configuration option (otherwise),
+to the
+modified UTF-7 encoding specified by RFC 2060,
+with the following exception: All occurrences of <sep>
+(which has to be a single character)
+are replaced with periods ("."), and all periods and slashes that are not
+<sep> and are not in the <specials> string are BASE64 encoded.
+
+The third argument can be omitted, defaulting to an empty string.
+The second argument can be omitted, defaulting to "/".
+
+This is the encoding used by Courier for Maildir names on disk, and followed
+by many other IMAP servers.
+
+Examples:
+.display
+&`${imapfolder {Foo/Bar}} `& yields &`Foo.Bar`&
+&`${imapfolder {Foo/Bar}{.}{/}} `& yields &`Foo&&AC8-Bar`&
+&`${imapfolder {Räksmörgås}} `& yields &`R&&AOQ-ksm&&APY-rg&&AOU-s`&
+.endd
+
+Note that the source charset setting is vital, and also that characters
+must be representable in UTF-16.
+
+
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+.chapter "Events" "CHAPevents" &&&
+ "Events"
+.cindex events
+
+The events mechanism in Exim can be used to intercept processing at a number
+of points. It was originally invented to give a way to do customised logging
+actions (for example, to a database) but can also be used to modify some
+processing actions.
+
+Most installations will never need to use Events.
+The support can be left out of a build by defining DISABLE_EVENT=yes
+in &_Local/Makefile_&.
+
+There are two major classes of events: main and transport.
+The main configuration option &%event_action%& controls reception events;
+a transport option &%event_action%& controls delivery events.
+
+Both options are a string which is expanded when the event fires.
+An example might look like:
+.cindex logging custom
+.code
+event_action = ${if eq {msg:delivery}{$event_name} \
+{${lookup pgsql {SELECT * FROM record_Delivery( \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$sender_address_domain}',\
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$sender_address_local_part}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$domain}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$local_part}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$host_address}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$host}}', \
+ '${quote_pgsql:$message_exim_id}')}} \
+} {}}
+.endd
+
+Events have names which correspond to the point in process at which they fire.
+The name is placed in the variable &$event_name$& and the event action
+expansion must check this, as it will be called for every possible event type.
+
+The current list of events is:
+.display
+&`dane:fail after transport `& per connection
+&`msg:complete after main `& per message
+&`msg:delivery after transport `& per recipient
+&`msg:rcpt:host:defer after transport `& per recipient per host
+&`msg:rcpt:defer after transport `& per recipient
+&`msg:host:defer after transport `& per attempt
+&`msg:fail:delivery after transport `& per recipient
+&`msg:fail:internal after main `& per recipient
+&`tcp:connect before transport `& per connection
+&`tcp:close after transport `& per connection
+&`tls:cert before both `& per certificate in verification chain
+&`smtp:connect after transport `& per connection
+.endd
+New event types may be added in future.
+
+The event name is a colon-separated list, defining the type of
+event in a tree of possibilities. It may be used as a list
+or just matched on as a whole. There will be no spaces in the name.
+
+The second column in the table above describes whether the event fires
+before or after the action is associates with. Those which fire before
+can be used to affect that action (more on this below).
+
+The third column in the table above says what section of the configuration
+should define the event action.
+
+An additional variable, &$event_data$&, is filled with information varying
+with the event type:
+.display
+&`dane:fail `& failure reason
+&`msg:delivery `& smtp confirmation message
+&`msg:rcpt:host:defer `& error string
+&`msg:rcpt:defer `& error string
+&`msg:host:defer `& error string
+&`tls:cert `& verification chain depth
+&`smtp:connect `& smtp banner
+.endd
+
+The :defer events populate one extra variable: &$event_defer_errno$&.
+
+For complex operations an ACL expansion can be used in &%event_action%&
+however due to the multiple contexts that Exim operates in during
+the course of its processing:
+.ilist
+variables set in transport events will not be visible outside that
+transport call
+.next
+acl_m variables in a server context are lost on a new connection,
+and after smtp helo/ehlo/mail/starttls/rset commands
+.endlist
+Using an ACL expansion with the logwrite modifier can be
+a useful way of writing to the main log.
+
+The expansion of the event_action option should normally
+return an empty string. Should it return anything else the
+following will be forced:
+.display
+&`tcp:connect `& do not connect
+&`tls:cert `& refuse verification
+&`smtp:connect `& close connection
+.endd
+All other message types ignore the result string, and
+no other use is made of it.
+
+For a tcp:connect event, if the connection is being made to a proxy
+then the address and port variables will be that of the proxy and not
+the target system.
+
+For tls:cert events, if GnuTLS is in use this will trigger only per
+chain element received on the connection.
+For OpenSSL it will trigger for every chain element including those
+loaded locally.
+
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
git://git.exim.org / users / heiko / exim.git / blobdiff