1 /*************************************************
2 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
3 *************************************************/
5 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2018 */
6 /* Copyright (c) The Exim Maintainers 2020 */
7 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
9 /* A number of functions for driving outgoing SMTP calls. */
13 #include "transports/smtp.h"
17 /*************************************************
18 * Find an outgoing interface *
19 *************************************************/
21 /* This function is called from the smtp transport and also from the callout
22 code in verify.c. Its job is to expand a string to get a list of interfaces,
23 and choose a suitable one (IPv4 or IPv6) for the outgoing address.
26 istring string interface setting, may be NULL, meaning "any", in
27 which case the function does nothing
28 host_af AF_INET or AF_INET6 for the outgoing IP address
29 addr the mail address being handled (for setting errors)
30 interface point this to the interface
31 msg to add to any error message
33 Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure, with error message
34 set in addr and transport_return set to PANIC
38 smtp_get_interface(uschar *istring, int host_af, address_item *addr,
39 uschar **interface, uschar *msg)
41 const uschar * expint;
45 if (!istring) return TRUE;
47 if (!(expint = expand_string(istring)))
49 if (f.expand_string_forcedfail) return TRUE;
50 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
51 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"interface\" "
52 "option for %s: %s", msg, expand_string_message);
56 if (is_tainted(expint))
58 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC,
59 "attempt to use tainted value '%s' from '%s' for interface",
61 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
62 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"interface\" "
63 "option for %s: configuration error", msg);
67 Uskip_whitespace(&expint);
68 if (!*expint) return TRUE;
70 /* we just tested to ensure no taint, so big_buffer is ok */
71 while ((iface = string_nextinlist(&expint, &sep, big_buffer,
74 if (string_is_ip_address(iface, NULL) == 0)
76 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
77 addr->message = string_sprintf("\"%s\" is not a valid IP "
78 "address for the \"interface\" option for %s",
83 if (((Ustrchr(iface, ':') == NULL)? AF_INET:AF_INET6) == host_af)
87 if (iface) *interface = string_copy(iface);
93 /*************************************************
94 * Find an outgoing port *
95 *************************************************/
97 /* This function is called from the smtp transport and also from the callout
98 code in verify.c. Its job is to find a port number. Note that getservbyname()
99 produces the number in network byte order.
102 rstring raw (unexpanded) string representation of the port
103 addr the mail address being handled (for setting errors)
104 port stick the port in here
105 msg for adding to error message
107 Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure, with error message set
108 in addr, and transport_return set to PANIC
112 smtp_get_port(uschar *rstring, address_item *addr, int *port, uschar *msg)
114 uschar *pstring = expand_string(rstring);
118 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
119 addr->message = string_sprintf("failed to expand \"%s\" (\"port\" option) "
120 "for %s: %s", rstring, msg, expand_string_message);
124 if (isdigit(*pstring))
127 *port = Ustrtol(pstring, &end, 0);
128 if (end != pstring + Ustrlen(pstring))
130 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
131 addr->message = string_sprintf("invalid port number for %s: %s", msg,
139 struct servent *smtp_service = getservbyname(CS pstring, "tcp");
142 addr->transport_return = PANIC;
143 addr->message = string_sprintf("TCP port \"%s\" is not defined for %s",
147 *port = ntohs(smtp_service->s_port);
158 tfo_out_check(int sock)
161 struct tcp_info tinfo;
162 socklen_t len = sizeof(tinfo);
164 /* A getsockopt TCP_FASTOPEN unfortunately returns "was-used" for a TFO/R as
165 well as a TFO/C. Use what we can of the Linux hack below; reliability issues ditto. */
166 switch (tcp_out_fastopen)
168 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_NODATA:
169 if ( getsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tinfo, &len) == 0
170 && tinfo.tcpi_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT
171 && tinfo.__tcpi_unacked > 0
174 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v)
175 debug_printf("TCP_FASTOPEN tcpi_unacked %d\n", tinfo.__tcpi_unacked);
176 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_NODATA;
180 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_DATA:
181 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_DATA:
182 if (tinfo.tcpi_options & TCPI_OPT_SYN_DATA) XXX no equvalent as of 12.2
186 switch (tcp_out_fastopen)
188 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_DATA: tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_DATA; break;
189 default: break; /* compiler quietening */
192 # else /* Linux & Apple */
193 # if defined(TCP_INFO) && defined(EXIM_HAVE_TCPI_UNACKED)
194 struct tcp_info tinfo;
195 socklen_t len = sizeof(tinfo);
197 switch (tcp_out_fastopen)
199 /* This is a somewhat dubious detection method; totally undocumented so likely
200 to fail in future kernels. There seems to be no documented way. What we really
201 want to know is if the server sent smtp-banner data before our ACK of his SYN,ACK
202 hit him. What this (possibly?) detects is whether we sent a TFO cookie with our
203 SYN, as distinct from a TFO request. This gets a false-positive when the server
204 key is rotated; we send the old one (which this test sees) but the server returns
205 the new one and does not send its SMTP banner before we ACK his SYN,ACK.
206 To force that rotation case:
207 '# echo -n "00000000-00000000-00000000-0000000" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fastopen_key'
208 The kernel seems to be counting unack'd packets. */
210 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_NODATA:
211 if ( getsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tinfo, &len) == 0
212 && tinfo.tcpi_state == TCP_SYN_SENT
213 && tinfo.tcpi_unacked > 1
216 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v)
217 debug_printf("TCP_FASTOPEN tcpi_unacked %d\n", tinfo.tcpi_unacked);
218 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_NODATA;
222 /* When called after waiting for received data we should be able
223 to tell if data we sent was accepted. */
225 case TFO_ATTEMPTED_DATA:
226 if ( getsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tinfo, &len) == 0
227 && tinfo.tcpi_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED
229 if (tinfo.tcpi_options & TCPI_OPT_SYN_DATA)
231 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v) debug_printf("TFO: data was acked\n");
232 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_USED_DATA;
236 DEBUG(D_transport|D_v) debug_printf("TFO: had to retransmit\n");
237 tcp_out_fastopen = TFO_NOT_USED;
241 default: break; /* compiler quietening */
244 # endif /* Linux & Apple */
249 /* Arguments as for smtp_connect(), plus
250 early_data if non-NULL, idenmpotent data to be sent -
251 preferably in the TCP SYN segment
253 Returns: connected socket number, or -1 with errno set
257 smtp_sock_connect(host_item * host, int host_af, int port, uschar * interface,
258 transport_instance * tb, int timeout, const blob * early_data)
260 smtp_transport_options_block * ob =
261 (smtp_transport_options_block *)tb->options_block;
262 const uschar * dscp = ob->dscp;
268 const blob * fastopen_blob = NULL;
271 #ifndef DISABLE_EVENT
272 deliver_host_address = host->address;
273 deliver_host_port = port;
274 if (event_raise(tb->event_action, US"tcp:connect", NULL)) return -1;
277 if ((sock = ip_socket(SOCK_STREAM, host_af)) < 0) return -1;
279 /* Set TCP_NODELAY; Exim does its own buffering. */
281 if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, US &on, sizeof(on)))
282 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
283 debug_printf_indent("failed to set NODELAY: %s ", strerror(errno));
285 /* Set DSCP value, if we can. For now, if we fail to set the value, we don't
286 bomb out, just log it and continue in default traffic class. */
288 if (dscp && dscp_lookup(dscp, host_af, &dscp_level, &dscp_option, &dscp_value))
290 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
291 debug_printf_indent("DSCP \"%s\"=%x ", dscp, dscp_value);
292 if (setsockopt(sock, dscp_level, dscp_option, &dscp_value, sizeof(dscp_value)) < 0)
293 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
294 debug_printf_indent("failed to set DSCP: %s ", strerror(errno));
295 /* If the kernel supports IPv4 and IPv6 on an IPv6 socket, we need to set the
296 option for both; ignore failures here */
297 if (host_af == AF_INET6 &&
298 dscp_lookup(dscp, AF_INET, &dscp_level, &dscp_option, &dscp_value))
299 (void) setsockopt(sock, dscp_level, dscp_option, &dscp_value, sizeof(dscp_value));
302 /* Bind to a specific interface if requested. Caller must ensure the interface
303 is the same type (IPv4 or IPv6) as the outgoing address. */
305 if (interface && ip_bind(sock, host_af, interface, 0) < 0)
308 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
309 debug_printf_indent("unable to bind outgoing SMTP call to %s: %s", interface,
313 /* Connect to the remote host, and add keepalive to the socket before returning
314 it, if requested. If the build supports TFO, request it - and if the caller
315 requested some early-data then include that in the TFO request. If there is
316 early-data but no TFO support, send it after connecting. */
321 if (verify_check_given_host(CUSS &ob->hosts_try_fastopen, host) == OK)
322 fastopen_blob = early_data ? early_data : &tcp_fastopen_nodata;
325 if (ip_connect(sock, host_af, host->address, port, timeout, fastopen_blob) < 0)
327 else if (early_data && !fastopen_blob && early_data->data && early_data->len)
329 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
330 debug_printf("sending %ld nonTFO early-data\n", (long)early_data->len);
333 (void) setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUICKACK, US &off, sizeof(off));
335 if (send(sock, early_data->data, early_data->len, 0) < 0)
340 /* Either bind() or connect() failed */
344 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
346 debug_printf_indent(" failed: %s", CUstrerror(save_errno));
347 if (save_errno == ETIMEDOUT)
348 debug_printf(" (timeout=%s)", readconf_printtime(timeout));
356 /* Both bind() and connect() succeeded, and any early-data */
360 union sockaddr_46 interface_sock;
361 EXIM_SOCKLEN_T size = sizeof(interface_sock);
363 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v) debug_printf_indent(" connected\n");
364 if (getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)(&interface_sock), &size) == 0)
365 sending_ip_address = host_ntoa(-1, &interface_sock, NULL, &sending_port);
368 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN | ((errno == ECONNRESET)? 0 : LOG_PANIC),
369 "getsockname() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
374 if (ob->keepalive) ip_keepalive(sock, host->address, TRUE);
387 smtp_port_for_connect(host_item * host, int port)
389 if (host->port != PORT_NONE)
391 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v) if (port != host->port)
392 debug_printf_indent("Transport port=%d replaced by host-specific port=%d\n", port,
396 else host->port = port; /* Set the port actually used */
400 /*************************************************
401 * Connect to remote host *
402 *************************************************/
404 /* Create a socket, and connect it to a remote host. IPv6 addresses are
405 detected by checking for a colon in the address. AF_INET6 is defined even on
406 non-IPv6 systems, to enable the code to be less messy. However, on such systems
407 host->address will always be an IPv4 address.
410 sc details for making connection: host, af, interface, transport
411 early_data if non-NULL, data to be sent - preferably in the TCP SYN segment
413 Returns: connected socket number, or -1 with errno set
417 smtp_connect(smtp_connect_args * sc, const blob * early_data)
419 int port = sc->host->port;
420 smtp_transport_options_block * ob = sc->ob;
422 callout_address = string_sprintf("[%s]:%d", sc->host->address, port);
424 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
427 if (sc->interface) s = string_sprintf(" from %s ", sc->interface);
429 if (ob->socks_proxy) s = string_sprintf("%svia proxy ", s);
431 debug_printf_indent("Connecting to %s %s%s... ", sc->host->name, callout_address, s);
434 /* Create and connect the socket */
439 int sock = socks_sock_connect(sc->host, sc->host_af, port, sc->interface,
440 sc->tblock, ob->connect_timeout);
444 if (early_data && early_data->data && early_data->len)
445 if (send(sock, early_data->data, early_data->len, 0) < 0)
447 int save_errno = errno;
448 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
450 debug_printf_indent("failed: %s", CUstrerror(save_errno));
451 if (save_errno == ETIMEDOUT)
452 debug_printf(" (timeout=%s)", readconf_printtime(ob->connect_timeout));
464 return smtp_sock_connect(sc->host, sc->host_af, port, sc->interface,
465 sc->tblock, ob->connect_timeout, early_data);
469 /*************************************************
470 * Flush outgoing command buffer *
471 *************************************************/
473 /* This function is called only from smtp_write_command() below. It flushes
474 the buffer of outgoing commands. There is more than one in the buffer only when
478 outblock the SMTP output block
479 mode further data expected, or plain
481 Returns: TRUE if OK, FALSE on error, with errno set
485 flush_buffer(smtp_outblock * outblock, int mode)
488 int n = outblock->ptr - outblock->buffer;
489 BOOL more = mode == SCMD_MORE;
491 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("cmd buf flush %d bytes%s\n", n,
492 more ? " (more expected)" : "");
495 if (outblock->cctx->tls_ctx)
496 rc = tls_write(outblock->cctx->tls_ctx, outblock->buffer, n, more);
501 if (outblock->conn_args)
503 blob early_data = { .data = outblock->buffer, .len = n };
505 /* We ignore the more-flag if we're doing a connect with early-data, which
506 means we won't get BDAT+data. A pity, but wise due to the idempotency
507 requirement: TFO with data can, in rare cases, replay the data to the
510 if ( (outblock->cctx->sock = smtp_connect(outblock->conn_args, &early_data))
513 outblock->conn_args = NULL;
518 rc = send(outblock->cctx->sock, outblock->buffer, n,
526 #if defined(__linux__)
527 /* This is a workaround for a current linux kernel bug: as of
528 5.6.8-200.fc31.x86_64 small (<MSS) writes get delayed by about 200ms,
529 This is despite NODELAY being active.
530 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1803806 */
533 setsockopt(outblock->cctx->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_CORK, &off, sizeof(off));
540 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("send failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
544 outblock->ptr = outblock->buffer;
545 outblock->cmd_count = 0;
551 /*************************************************
552 * Write SMTP command *
553 *************************************************/
555 /* The formatted command is left in big_buffer so that it can be reflected in
559 sx SMTP connection, contains buffer for pipelining, and socket
560 mode buffer, write-with-more-likely, write
561 format a format, starting with one of
562 of HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, ".", or QUIT.
563 If NULL, flush pipeline buffer only.
564 ... data for the format
566 Returns: 0 if command added to pipelining buffer, with nothing transmitted
567 +n if n commands transmitted (may still have buffered the new one)
568 -1 on error, with errno set
572 smtp_write_command(void * sx, int mode, const char *format, ...)
574 smtp_outblock * outblock = &((smtp_context *)sx)->outblock;
579 gstring gs = { .size = big_buffer_size, .ptr = 0, .s = big_buffer };
582 /* Use taint-unchecked routines for writing into big_buffer, trusting that
583 we'll never expand the results. Actually, the error-message use - leaving
584 the results in big_buffer for potential later use - is uncomfortably distant.
585 XXX Would be better to assume all smtp commands are short, use normal pool
586 alloc rather than big_buffer, and another global for the data-for-error. */
588 va_start(ap, format);
589 if (!string_vformat(&gs, SVFMT_TAINT_NOCHK, CS format, ap))
590 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "overlong write_command in outgoing "
593 string_from_gstring(&gs);
595 if (gs.ptr > outblock->buffersize)
596 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "overlong write_command in outgoing "
599 if (gs.ptr > outblock->buffersize - (outblock->ptr - outblock->buffer))
601 rc = outblock->cmd_count; /* flush resets */
602 if (!flush_buffer(outblock, SCMD_FLUSH)) return -1;
605 Ustrncpy(outblock->ptr, gs.s, gs.ptr);
606 outblock->ptr += gs.ptr;
607 outblock->cmd_count++;
608 gs.ptr -= 2; string_from_gstring(&gs); /* remove \r\n for error message */
610 /* We want to hide the actual data sent in AUTH transactions from reflections
611 and logs. While authenticating, a flag is set in the outblock to enable this.
612 The AUTH command itself gets any data flattened. Other lines are flattened
615 if (outblock->authenticating)
617 uschar *p = big_buffer;
618 if (Ustrncmp(big_buffer, "AUTH ", 5) == 0)
621 while (isspace(*p)) p++;
622 while (!isspace(*p)) p++;
623 while (isspace(*p)) p++;
625 while (*p) *p++ = '*';
628 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v) debug_printf_indent(" SMTP>> %s\n", big_buffer);
631 if (mode != SCMD_BUFFER)
633 rc += outblock->cmd_count; /* flush resets */
634 if (!flush_buffer(outblock, mode)) return -1;
642 /*************************************************
643 * Read one line of SMTP response *
644 *************************************************/
646 /* This function reads one line of SMTP response from the server host. This may
647 not be a complete response - it could be just part of a multiline response. We
648 have to use a buffer for incoming packets, because when pipelining or using
649 LMTP, there may well be more than one response in a single packet. This
650 function is called only from the one that follows.
653 inblock the SMTP input block (contains holding buffer, socket, etc.)
654 buffer where to put the line
655 size space available for the line
656 timelimit deadline for reading the lime, seconds past epoch
658 Returns: length of a line that has been put in the buffer
659 -1 otherwise, with errno set
663 read_response_line(smtp_inblock *inblock, uschar *buffer, int size, time_t timelimit)
666 uschar *ptr = inblock->ptr;
667 uschar *ptrend = inblock->ptrend;
668 client_conn_ctx * cctx = inblock->cctx;
670 /* Loop for reading multiple packets or reading another packet after emptying
671 a previously-read one. */
677 /* If there is data in the input buffer left over from last time, copy
678 characters from it until the end of a line, at which point we can return,
679 having removed any whitespace (which will include CR) at the end of the line.
680 The rules for SMTP say that lines end in CRLF, but there are have been cases
681 of hosts using just LF, and other MTAs are reported to handle this, so we
682 just look for LF. If we run out of characters before the end of a line,
683 carry on to read the next incoming packet. */
690 while (p > buffer && isspace(p[-1])) p--;
698 *p = 0; /* Leave malformed line for error message */
699 errno = ERRNO_SMTPFORMAT;
704 /* Need to read a new input packet. */
706 if((rc = ip_recv(cctx, inblock->buffer, inblock->buffersize, timelimit)) <= 0)
708 DEBUG(D_deliver|D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
709 debug_printf_indent(errno ? " SMTP(%s)<<\n" : " SMTP(closed)<<\n",
714 /* Another block of data has been successfully read. Set up the pointers
715 and let the loop continue. */
717 ptrend = inblock->ptrend = inblock->buffer + rc;
718 ptr = inblock->buffer;
719 DEBUG(D_transport|D_acl) debug_printf_indent("read response data: size=%d\n", rc);
722 /* Get here if there has been some kind of recv() error; errno is set, but we
723 ensure that the result buffer is empty before returning. */
733 /*************************************************
734 * Read SMTP response *
735 *************************************************/
737 /* This function reads an SMTP response with a timeout, and returns the
738 response in the given buffer, as a string. A multiline response will contain
739 newline characters between the lines. The function also analyzes the first
740 digit of the reply code and returns FALSE if it is not acceptable. FALSE is
741 also returned after a reading error. In this case buffer[0] will be zero, and
742 the error code will be in errno.
745 sx the SMTP connection (contains input block with holding buffer,
747 buffer where to put the response
748 size the size of the buffer
749 okdigit the expected first digit of the response
750 timeout the timeout to use, in seconds
752 Returns: TRUE if a valid, non-error response was received; else FALSE
754 /*XXX could move to smtp transport; no other users */
757 smtp_read_response(void * sx0, uschar * buffer, int size, int okdigit,
760 smtp_context * sx = sx0;
761 uschar * ptr = buffer;
763 time_t timelimit = time(NULL) + timeout;
765 errno = 0; /* Ensure errno starts out zero */
767 #ifndef DISABLE_PIPE_CONNECT
768 if (sx->pending_BANNER || sx->pending_EHLO)
771 if ((rc = smtp_reap_early_pipe(sx, &count)) != OK)
773 DEBUG(D_transport) debug_printf("failed reaping pipelined cmd responsess\n");
775 if (rc == DEFER) errno = ERRNO_TLSFAILURE;
781 /* This is a loop to read and concatenate the lines that make up a multi-line
786 if ((count = read_response_line(&sx->inblock, ptr, size, timelimit)) < 0)
789 HDEBUG(D_transport|D_acl|D_v)
790 debug_printf_indent(" %s %s\n", ptr == buffer ? "SMTP<<" : " ", ptr);
792 /* Check the format of the response: it must start with three digits; if
793 these are followed by a space or end of line, the response is complete. If
794 they are followed by '-' this is a multi-line response and we must look for
795 another line until the final line is reached. The only use made of multi-line
796 responses is to pass them back as error messages. We therefore just
797 concatenate them all within the buffer, which should be large enough to
798 accept any reasonable number of lines. */
804 (ptr[3] != '-' && ptr[3] != ' ' && ptr[3] != 0))
806 errno = ERRNO_SMTPFORMAT; /* format error */
810 /* If the line we have just read is a terminal line, line, we are done.
811 Otherwise more data has to be read. */
813 if (ptr[3] != '-') break;
815 /* Move the reading pointer upwards in the buffer and insert \n between the
816 components of a multiline response. Space is left for this by read_response_
825 tfo_out_check(sx->cctx.sock);
828 /* Return a value that depends on the SMTP return code. On some systems a
829 non-zero value of errno has been seen at this point, so ensure it is zero,
830 because the caller of this function looks at errno when FALSE is returned, to
831 distinguish between an unexpected return code and other errors such as
832 timeouts, lost connections, etc. */
835 return buffer[0] == okdigit;
838 /* End of smtp_out.c */