1 /* $Cambridge: exim/src/src/host.c,v 1.30 2009/10/16 09:10:40 tom Exp $ */
3 /*************************************************
4 * Exim - an Internet mail transport agent *
5 *************************************************/
7 /* Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 1995 - 2007 */
8 /* See the file NOTICE for conditions of use and distribution. */
10 /* Functions for finding hosts, either by gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), or
11 directly via the DNS. When IPv6 is supported, getipnodebyname() and
12 getipnodebyaddr() may be used instead of gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr(),
13 if the newer functions are available. This module also contains various other
14 functions concerned with hosts and addresses, and a random number function,
15 used for randomizing hosts with equal MXs but available for use in other parts
22 /* Static variable for preserving the list of interface addresses in case it is
23 used more than once. */
25 static ip_address_item *local_interface_data = NULL;
28 #ifdef USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
29 /*************************************************
30 * Replacement for broken inet_ntoa() *
31 *************************************************/
33 /* On IRIX systems, gcc uses a different structure passing convention to the
34 native libraries. This causes inet_ntoa() to always yield 0.0.0.0 or
35 255.255.255.255. To get round this, we provide a private version of the
36 function here. It is used only if USE_INET_NTOA_FIX is set, which should happen
37 only when gcc is in use on an IRIX system. Code send to me by J.T. Breitner,
41 as seen in comp.sys.sgi.admin
43 August 2005: Apparently this is also needed for AIX systems; USE_INET_NTOA_FIX
44 should now be set for them as well.
46 Arguments: sa an in_addr structure
47 Returns: pointer to static text string
51 inet_ntoa(struct in_addr sa)
53 static uschar addr[20];
54 sprintf(addr, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
65 /*************************************************
66 * Random number generator *
67 *************************************************/
69 /* This is a simple pseudo-random number generator. It does not have to be
70 very good for the uses to which it is put. When running the regression tests,
71 start with a fixed seed.
73 If you need better, see pseudo_random_number() which is potentially stronger,
74 if a crypto library is available, but might end up just calling this instead.
77 limit: one more than the largest number required
79 Returns: a pseudo-random number in the range 0 to limit-1
83 random_number(int limit)
89 if (running_in_test_harness) random_seed = 42; else
91 int p = (int)getpid();
92 random_seed = (int)time(NULL) ^ ((p << 16) | p);
95 random_seed = 1103515245 * random_seed + 12345;
96 return (unsigned int)(random_seed >> 16) % limit;
101 /*************************************************
102 * Replace gethostbyname() when testing *
103 *************************************************/
105 /* This function is called instead of gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2(), or
106 getipnodebyname() when running in the test harness. It recognizes the name
107 "manyhome.test.ex" and generates a humungous number of IP addresses. It also
108 recognizes an unqualified "localhost" and forces it to the appropriate loopback
109 address. IP addresses are treated as literals. For other names, it uses the DNS
110 to find the host name. In the test harness, this means it will access only the
114 name the host name or a textual IP address
115 af AF_INET or AF_INET6
116 error_num where to put an error code:
117 HOST_NOT_FOUND/TRY_AGAIN/NO_RECOVERY/NO_DATA
119 Returns: a hostent structure or NULL for an error
122 static struct hostent *
123 host_fake_gethostbyname(uschar *name, int af, int *error_num)
126 int alen = (af == AF_INET)? sizeof(struct in_addr):sizeof(struct in6_addr);
128 int alen = sizeof(struct in_addr);
132 uschar *lname = name;
135 struct hostent *yield;
141 debug_printf("using host_fake_gethostbyname for %s (%s)\n", name,
142 (af == AF_INET)? "IPv4" : "IPv6");
144 /* Handle the name that needs a vast number of IP addresses */
146 if (Ustrcmp(name, "manyhome.test.ex") == 0 && af == AF_INET)
149 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
150 alist = store_get(2049 * sizeof(char *));
151 adds = store_get(2048 * alen);
152 yield->h_name = CS name;
153 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
154 yield->h_addrtype = af;
155 yield->h_length = alen;
156 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
157 for (i = 104; i <= 111; i++)
159 for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
172 /* Handle unqualified "localhost" */
174 if (Ustrcmp(name, "localhost") == 0)
175 lname = (af == AF_INET)? US"127.0.0.1" : US"::1";
177 /* Handle a literal IP address */
179 ipa = string_is_ip_address(lname, NULL);
182 if ((ipa == 4 && af == AF_INET) ||
183 (ipa == 6 && af == AF_INET6))
187 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
188 alist = store_get(2 * sizeof(char *));
189 adds = store_get(alen);
190 yield->h_name = CS name;
191 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
192 yield->h_addrtype = af;
193 yield->h_length = alen;
194 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
196 n = host_aton(lname, x);
197 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
200 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
201 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
202 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
208 /* Wrong kind of literal address */
212 *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
217 /* Handle a host name */
221 int type = (af == AF_INET)? T_A:T_AAAA;
222 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, lname, type, NULL);
227 case DNS_SUCCEED: break;
228 case DNS_NOMATCH: *error_num = HOST_NOT_FOUND; return NULL;
229 case DNS_NODATA: *error_num = NO_DATA; return NULL;
230 case DNS_AGAIN: *error_num = TRY_AGAIN; return NULL;
232 case DNS_FAIL: *error_num = NO_RECOVERY; return NULL;
235 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
237 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
239 if (rr->type == type) count++;
242 yield = store_get(sizeof(struct hostent));
243 alist = store_get((count + 1) * sizeof(char **));
244 adds = store_get(count *alen);
246 yield->h_name = CS name;
247 yield->h_aliases = NULL;
248 yield->h_addrtype = af;
249 yield->h_length = alen;
250 yield->h_addr_list = CSS alist;
252 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
254 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
259 if (rr->type != type) continue;
260 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
262 n = host_aton(da->address, x);
263 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
266 *adds++ = (y >> 24) & 255;
267 *adds++ = (y >> 16) & 255;
268 *adds++ = (y >> 8) & 255;
280 /*************************************************
281 * Build chain of host items from list *
282 *************************************************/
284 /* This function builds a chain of host items from a textual list of host
285 names. It does not do any lookups. If randomize is true, the chain is build in
286 a randomized order. There may be multiple groups of independently randomized
287 hosts; they are delimited by a host name consisting of just "+".
290 anchor anchor for the chain
292 randomize TRUE for randomizing
298 host_build_hostlist(host_item **anchor, uschar *list, BOOL randomize)
301 int fake_mx = MX_NONE; /* This value is actually -1 */
305 if (list == NULL) return;
306 if (randomize) fake_mx--; /* Start at -2 for randomizing */
310 while ((name = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
314 if (name[0] == '+' && name[1] == 0) /* "+" delimits a randomized group */
315 { /* ignore if not randomizing */
316 if (randomize) fake_mx--;
320 h = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
321 h->name = string_copy(name);
325 h->sort_key = randomize? (-fake_mx)*1000 + random_number(1000) : 0;
326 h->status = hstatus_unknown;
327 h->why = hwhy_unknown;
337 host_item *hh = *anchor;
338 if (h->sort_key < hh->sort_key)
345 while (hh->next != NULL && h->sort_key >= (hh->next)->sort_key)
358 /*************************************************
359 * Extract port from address string *
360 *************************************************/
362 /* In the spool file, and in the -oMa and -oMi options, a host plus port is
363 given as an IP address followed by a dot and a port number. This function
366 An alternative format for the -oMa and -oMi options is [ip address]:port which
367 is what Exim 4 uses for output, because it seems to becoming commonly used,
368 whereas the dot form confuses some programs/people. So we recognize that form
372 address points to the string; if there is a port, the '.' in the string
373 is overwritten with zero to terminate the address; if the string
374 is in the [xxx]:ppp format, the address is shifted left and the
377 Returns: 0 if there is no port, else the port number. If there's a syntax
378 error, leave the incoming address alone, and return 0.
382 host_address_extract_port(uschar *address)
387 /* Handle the "bracketed with colon on the end" format */
391 uschar *rb = address + 1;
392 while (*rb != 0 && *rb != ']') rb++;
393 if (*rb++ == 0) return 0; /* Missing ]; leave invalid address */
396 port = Ustrtol(rb + 1, &endptr, 10);
397 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
399 else if (*rb != 0) return 0; /* Bad syntax; leave invalid address */
400 memmove(address, address + 1, rb - address - 2);
404 /* Handle the "dot on the end" format */
408 int skip = -3; /* Skip 3 dots in IPv4 addresses */
410 while (*(++address) != 0)
413 if (ch == ':') skip = 0; /* Skip 0 dots in IPv6 addresses */
414 else if (ch == '.' && skip++ >= 0) break;
416 if (*address == 0) return 0;
417 port = Ustrtol(address + 1, &endptr, 10);
418 if (*endptr != 0) return 0; /* Invalid port; leave invalid address */
426 /*************************************************
427 * Get port from a host item's name *
428 *************************************************/
430 /* This function is called when finding the IP address for a host that is in a
431 list of hosts explicitly configured, such as in the manualroute router, or in a
432 fallback hosts list. We see if there is a port specification at the end of the
433 host name, and if so, remove it. A minimum length of 3 is required for the
434 original name; nothing shorter is recognized as having a port.
436 We test for a name ending with a sequence of digits; if preceded by colon we
437 have a port if the character before the colon is ] and the name starts with [
438 or if there are no other colons in the name (i.e. it's not an IPv6 address).
440 Arguments: pointer to the host item
441 Returns: a port number or PORT_NONE
445 host_item_get_port(host_item *h)
449 int len = Ustrlen(h->name);
451 if (len < 3 || (p = h->name + len - 1, !isdigit(*p))) return PORT_NONE;
453 /* Extract potential port number */
458 while (p > h->name + 1 && isdigit(*p))
460 port += (*p-- - '0') * x;
464 /* The smallest value of p at this point is h->name + 1. */
466 if (*p != ':') return PORT_NONE;
468 if (p[-1] == ']' && h->name[0] == '[')
469 h->name = string_copyn(h->name + 1, p - h->name - 2);
470 else if (Ustrchr(h->name, ':') == p)
471 h->name = string_copyn(h->name, p - h->name);
472 else return PORT_NONE;
474 DEBUG(D_route|D_host_lookup) debug_printf("host=%s port=%d\n", h->name, port);
480 #ifndef STAND_ALONE /* Omit when standalone testing */
482 /*************************************************
483 * Build sender_fullhost and sender_rcvhost *
484 *************************************************/
486 /* This function is called when sender_host_name and/or sender_helo_name
487 have been set. Or might have been set - for a local message read off the spool
488 they won't be. In that case, do nothing. Otherwise, set up the fullhost string
491 (a) No sender_host_name or sender_helo_name: "[ip address]"
492 (b) Just sender_host_name: "host_name [ip address]"
493 (c) Just sender_helo_name: "(helo_name) [ip address]" unless helo is IP
494 in which case: "[ip address}"
495 (d) The two are identical: "host_name [ip address]" includes helo = IP
496 (e) The two are different: "host_name (helo_name) [ip address]"
498 If log_incoming_port is set, the sending host's port number is added to the IP
501 This function also builds sender_rcvhost for use in Received: lines, whose
502 syntax is a bit different. This value also includes the RFC 1413 identity.
503 There wouldn't be two different variables if I had got all this right in the
506 Because this data may survive over more than one incoming SMTP message, it has
507 to be in permanent store.
514 host_build_sender_fullhost(void)
516 BOOL show_helo = TRUE;
519 int old_pool = store_pool;
521 if (sender_host_address == NULL) return;
523 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
525 /* Set up address, with or without the port. After discussion, it seems that
526 the only format that doesn't cause trouble is [aaaa]:pppp. However, we can't
527 use this directly as the first item for Received: because it ain't an RFC 2822
530 address = string_sprintf("[%s]:%d", sender_host_address, sender_host_port);
531 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_port) == 0 || sender_host_port <= 0)
532 *(Ustrrchr(address, ':')) = 0;
534 /* If there's no EHLO/HELO data, we can't show it. */
536 if (sender_helo_name == NULL) show_helo = FALSE;
538 /* If HELO/EHLO was followed by an IP literal, it's messy because of two
539 features of IPv6. Firstly, there's the "IPv6:" prefix (Exim is liberal and
540 doesn't require this, for historical reasons). Secondly, IPv6 addresses may not
541 be given in canonical form, so we have to canonicize them before comparing. As
542 it happens, the code works for both IPv4 and IPv6. */
544 else if (sender_helo_name[0] == '[' &&
545 sender_helo_name[(len=Ustrlen(sender_helo_name))-1] == ']')
550 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv6:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
551 if (strncmpic(sender_helo_name + 1, US"IPv4:", 5) == 0) offset += 5;
553 helo_ip = string_copyn(sender_helo_name + offset, len - offset - 1);
555 if (string_is_ip_address(helo_ip, NULL) != 0)
559 uschar ipx[48], ipy[48]; /* large enough for full IPv6 */
561 sizex = host_aton(helo_ip, x);
562 sizey = host_aton(sender_host_address, y);
564 (void)host_nmtoa(sizex, x, -1, ipx, ':');
565 (void)host_nmtoa(sizey, y, -1, ipy, ':');
567 if (strcmpic(ipx, ipy) == 0) show_helo = FALSE;
571 /* Host name is not verified */
573 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
575 uschar *portptr = Ustrstr(address, "]:");
578 int adlen; /* Sun compiler doesn't like ++ in initializers */
580 adlen = (portptr == NULL)? Ustrlen(address) : (++portptr - address);
581 sender_fullhost = (sender_helo_name == NULL)? address :
582 string_sprintf("(%s) %s", sender_helo_name, address);
584 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(NULL, &size, &ptr, address, adlen);
586 if (sender_ident != NULL || show_helo || portptr != NULL)
589 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US" (", 2);
593 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2, US"port=",
597 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
598 (firstptr == ptr)? US"helo=" : US" helo=", sender_helo_name);
600 if (sender_ident != NULL)
601 sender_rcvhost = string_append(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, 2,
602 (firstptr == ptr)? US"ident=" : US" ident=", sender_ident);
604 sender_rcvhost = string_cat(sender_rcvhost, &size, &ptr, US")", 1);
607 sender_rcvhost[ptr] = 0; /* string_cat() always leaves room */
609 /* Release store, because string_cat allocated a minimum of 100 bytes that
610 are rarely completely used. */
612 store_reset(sender_rcvhost + ptr + 1);
615 /* Host name is known and verified. Unless we've already found that the HELO
616 data matches the IP address, compare it with the name. */
620 if (show_helo && strcmpic(sender_host_name, sender_helo_name) == 0)
625 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s (%s) %s", sender_host_name,
626 sender_helo_name, address);
627 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
628 string_sprintf("%s (%s helo=%s)", sender_host_name,
629 address, sender_helo_name) :
630 string_sprintf("%s\n\t(%s helo=%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name,
631 address, sender_helo_name, sender_ident);
635 sender_fullhost = string_sprintf("%s %s", sender_host_name, address);
636 sender_rcvhost = (sender_ident == NULL)?
637 string_sprintf("%s (%s)", sender_host_name, address) :
638 string_sprintf("%s (%s ident=%s)", sender_host_name, address,
643 store_pool = old_pool;
645 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_fullhost = %s\n", sender_fullhost);
646 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("sender_rcvhost = %s\n", sender_rcvhost);
651 /*************************************************
652 * Build host+ident message *
653 *************************************************/
655 /* Used when logging rejections and various ACL and SMTP incidents. The text
656 return depends on whether sender_fullhost and sender_ident are set or not:
658 no ident, no host => U=unknown
659 no ident, host set => H=sender_fullhost
660 ident set, no host => U=ident
661 ident set, host set => H=sender_fullhost U=ident
664 useflag TRUE if first item to be flagged (H= or U=); if there are two
665 items, the second is always flagged
667 Returns: pointer to a string in big_buffer
671 host_and_ident(BOOL useflag)
673 if (sender_fullhost == NULL)
675 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s", useflag? "U=" : "",
676 (sender_ident == NULL)? US"unknown" : sender_ident);
680 uschar *flag = useflag? US"H=" : US"";
681 uschar *iface = US"";
682 if ((log_extra_selector & LX_incoming_interface) != 0 &&
683 interface_address != NULL)
684 iface = string_sprintf(" I=[%s]:%d", interface_address, interface_port);
685 if (sender_ident == NULL)
686 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s",
687 flag, sender_fullhost, iface);
689 (void)string_format(big_buffer, big_buffer_size, "%s%s%s U=%s",
690 flag, sender_fullhost, iface, sender_ident);
695 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
700 /*************************************************
701 * Build list of local interfaces *
702 *************************************************/
704 /* This function interprets the contents of the local_interfaces or
705 extra_local_interfaces options, and creates an ip_address_item block for each
706 item on the list. There is no special interpretation of any IP addresses; in
707 particular, 0.0.0.0 and ::0 are returned without modification. If any address
708 includes a port, it is set in the block. Otherwise the port value is set to
713 name the name of the option being expanded
715 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
716 version of an IP address, and a port number (host order) or
717 zero if no port was given with the address
721 host_build_ifacelist(uschar *list, uschar *name)
726 ip_address_item *yield = NULL;
727 ip_address_item *last = NULL;
728 ip_address_item *next;
730 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
733 int port = host_address_extract_port(s); /* Leaves just the IP address */
734 if ((ipv = string_is_ip_address(s, NULL)) == 0)
735 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "Malformed IP address \"%s\" in %s",
738 /* Skip IPv6 addresses if IPv6 is disabled. */
740 if (disable_ipv6 && ipv == 6) continue;
742 /* This use of strcpy() is OK because we have checked that s is a valid IP
743 address above. The field in the ip_address_item is large enough to hold an
746 next = store_get(sizeof(ip_address_item));
748 Ustrcpy(next->address, s);
750 next->v6_include_v4 = FALSE;
752 if (yield == NULL) yield = last = next; else
766 /*************************************************
767 * Find addresses on local interfaces *
768 *************************************************/
770 /* This function finds the addresses of local IP interfaces. These are used
771 when testing for routing to the local host. As the function may be called more
772 than once, the list is preserved in permanent store, pointed to by a static
773 variable, to save doing the work more than once per process.
775 The generic list of interfaces is obtained by calling host_build_ifacelist()
776 for local_interfaces and extra_local_interfaces. This list scanned to remove
777 duplicates (which may exist with different ports - not relevant here). If
778 either of the wildcard IP addresses (0.0.0.0 and ::0) are encountered, they are
779 replaced by the appropriate (IPv4 or IPv6) list of actual local interfaces,
780 obtained from os_find_running_interfaces().
783 Returns: a chain of ip_address_items, each containing to a textual
784 version of an IP address; the port numbers are not relevant
788 /* First, a local subfunction to add an interface to a list in permanent store,
789 but only if there isn't a previous copy of that address on the list. */
791 static ip_address_item *
792 add_unique_interface(ip_address_item *list, ip_address_item *ipa)
794 ip_address_item *ipa2;
795 for (ipa2 = list; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
796 if (Ustrcmp(ipa2->address, ipa->address) == 0) return list;
797 ipa2 = store_get_perm(sizeof(ip_address_item));
804 /* This is the globally visible function */
807 host_find_interfaces(void)
809 ip_address_item *running_interfaces = NULL;
811 if (local_interface_data == NULL)
813 void *reset_item = store_get(0);
814 ip_address_item *dlist = host_build_ifacelist(local_interfaces,
815 US"local_interfaces");
816 ip_address_item *xlist = host_build_ifacelist(extra_local_interfaces,
817 US"extra_local_interfaces");
818 ip_address_item *ipa;
820 if (dlist == NULL) dlist = xlist; else
822 for (ipa = dlist; ipa->next != NULL; ipa = ipa->next);
826 for (ipa = dlist; ipa != NULL; ipa = ipa->next)
828 if (Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0 ||
829 Ustrcmp(ipa->address, "::0") == 0)
831 ip_address_item *ipa2;
832 BOOL ipv6 = ipa->address[0] == ':';
833 if (running_interfaces == NULL)
834 running_interfaces = os_find_running_interfaces();
835 for (ipa2 = running_interfaces; ipa2 != NULL; ipa2 = ipa2->next)
837 if ((Ustrchr(ipa2->address, ':') != NULL) == ipv6)
838 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data,
844 local_interface_data = add_unique_interface(local_interface_data, ipa);
847 debug_printf("Configured local interface: address=%s", ipa->address);
848 if (ipa->port != 0) debug_printf(" port=%d", ipa->port);
853 store_reset(reset_item);
856 return local_interface_data;
863 /*************************************************
864 * Convert network IP address to text *
865 *************************************************/
867 /* Given an IPv4 or IPv6 address in binary, convert it to a text
868 string and return the result in a piece of new store. The address can
869 either be given directly, or passed over in a sockaddr structure. Note
870 that this isn't the converse of host_aton() because of byte ordering
871 differences. See host_nmtoa() below.
874 type if < 0 then arg points to a sockaddr, else
875 either AF_INET or AF_INET6
876 arg points to a sockaddr if type is < 0, or
877 points to an IPv4 address (32 bits), or
878 points to an IPv6 address (128 bits),
879 in both cases, in network byte order
880 buffer if NULL, the result is returned in gotten store;
881 else points to a buffer to hold the answer
882 portptr points to where to put the port number, if non NULL; only
885 Returns: pointer to character string
889 host_ntoa(int type, const void *arg, uschar *buffer, int *portptr)
893 /* The new world. It is annoying that we have to fish out the address from
894 different places in the block, depending on what kind of address it is. It
895 is also a pain that inet_ntop() returns a const uschar *, whereas the IPv4
896 function inet_ntoa() returns just uschar *, and some picky compilers insist
897 on warning if one assigns a const uschar * to a uschar *. Hence the casts. */
900 uschar addr_buffer[46];
903 int family = ((struct sockaddr *)arg)->sa_family;
904 if (family == AF_INET6)
906 struct sockaddr_in6 *sk = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)arg;
907 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin6_addr), CS addr_buffer,
908 sizeof(addr_buffer));
909 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin6_port);
913 struct sockaddr_in *sk = (struct sockaddr_in *)arg;
914 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(family, &(sk->sin_addr), CS addr_buffer,
915 sizeof(addr_buffer));
916 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(sk->sin_port);
921 yield = (uschar *)inet_ntop(type, arg, CS addr_buffer, sizeof(addr_buffer));
924 /* If the result is a mapped IPv4 address, show it in V4 format. */
926 if (Ustrncmp(yield, "::ffff:", 7) == 0) yield += 7;
928 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
934 yield = US inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_addr);
935 if (portptr != NULL) *portptr = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)arg)->sin_port);
938 yield = US inet_ntoa(*((struct in_addr *)arg));
941 /* If there is no buffer, put the string into some new store. */
943 if (buffer == NULL) return string_copy(yield);
945 /* Callers of this function with a non-NULL buffer must ensure that it is
946 large enough to hold an IPv6 address, namely, at least 46 bytes. That's what
947 makes this use of strcpy() OK. */
949 Ustrcpy(buffer, yield);
956 /*************************************************
957 * Convert address text to binary *
958 *************************************************/
960 /* Given the textual form of an IP address, convert it to binary in an
961 array of ints. IPv4 addresses occupy one int; IPv6 addresses occupy 4 ints.
962 The result has the first byte in the most significant byte of the first int. In
963 other words, the result is not in network byte order, but in host byte order.
964 As a result, this is not the converse of host_ntoa(), which expects network
965 byte order. See host_nmtoa() below.
968 address points to the textual address, checked for syntax
969 bin points to an array of 4 ints
971 Returns: the number of ints used
975 host_aton(uschar *address, int *bin)
980 /* Handle IPv6 address, which may end with an IPv4 address. It may also end
981 with a "scope", introduced by a percent sign. This code is NOT enclosed in #if
982 HAVE_IPV6 in order that IPv6 addresses are recognized even if IPv6 is not
985 if (Ustrchr(address, ':') != NULL)
988 uschar *component[8];
989 BOOL ipv4_ends = FALSE;
995 /* If the address starts with a colon, it will start with two colons.
996 Just lose the first one, which will leave a null first component. */
1000 /* Split the address into components separated by colons. The input address
1001 is supposed to be checked for syntax. There was a case where this was
1002 overlooked; to guard against that happening again, check here and crash if
1003 there are too many components. */
1005 while (*p != 0 && *p != '%')
1007 int len = Ustrcspn(p, ":%");
1008 if (len == 0) nulloffset = ci;
1009 if (ci > 7) log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE,
1010 "Internal error: invalid IPv6 address \"%s\" passed to host_aton()",
1012 component[ci++] = p;
1017 /* If the final component contains a dot, it is a trailing v4 address.
1018 As the syntax is known to be checked, just set up for a trailing
1019 v4 address and restrict the v6 part to 6 components. */
1021 if (Ustrchr(component[ci-1], '.') != NULL)
1023 address = component[--ci];
1029 /* If there are fewer than 6 or 8 components, we have to insert some
1030 more empty ones in the middle. */
1034 int insert_count = v6count - ci;
1035 for (i = v6count-1; i > nulloffset + insert_count; i--)
1036 component[i] = component[i - insert_count];
1037 while (i > nulloffset) component[i--] = US"";
1040 /* Now turn the components into binary in pairs and bung them
1041 into the vector of ints. */
1043 for (i = 0; i < v6count; i += 2)
1044 bin[i/2] = (Ustrtol(component[i], NULL, 16) << 16) +
1045 Ustrtol(component[i+1], NULL, 16);
1047 /* If there was no terminating v4 component, we are done. */
1049 if (!ipv4_ends) return 4;
1052 /* Handle IPv4 address */
1054 (void)sscanf(CS address, "%d.%d.%d.%d", x, x+1, x+2, x+3);
1055 bin[v4offset] = (x[0] << 24) + (x[1] << 16) + (x[2] << 8) + x[3];
1060 /*************************************************
1061 * Apply mask to an IP address *
1062 *************************************************/
1064 /* Mask an address held in 1 or 4 ints, with the ms bit in the ms bit of the
1068 count the number of ints
1069 binary points to the ints to be masked
1070 mask the count of ms bits to leave, or -1 if no masking
1076 host_mask(int count, int *binary, int mask)
1079 if (mask < 0) mask = 99999;
1080 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
1083 if (mask == 0) wordmask = 0;
1086 wordmask = (-1) << (32 - mask);
1094 binary[i] &= wordmask;
1101 /*************************************************
1102 * Convert masked IP address in ints to text *
1103 *************************************************/
1105 /* We can't use host_ntoa() because it assumes the binary values are in network
1106 byte order, and these are the result of host_aton(), which puts them in ints in
1107 host byte order. Also, we really want IPv6 addresses to be in a canonical
1108 format, so we output them with no abbreviation. In a number of cases we can't
1109 use the normal colon separator in them because it terminates keys in lsearch
1110 files, so we want to use dot instead. There's an argument that specifies what
1111 to use for IPv6 addresses.
1114 count 1 or 4 (number of ints)
1115 binary points to the ints
1116 mask mask value; if < 0 don't add to result
1117 buffer big enough to hold the result
1118 sep component separator character for IPv6 addresses
1120 Returns: the number of characters placed in buffer, not counting
1125 host_nmtoa(int count, int *binary, int mask, uschar *buffer, int sep)
1128 uschar *tt = buffer;
1133 for (i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8)
1135 sprintf(CS tt, "%d.", (j >> i) & 255);
1141 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
1144 sprintf(CS tt, "%04x%c%04x%c", (j >> 16) & 0xffff, sep, j & 0xffff, sep);
1149 tt--; /* lose final separator */
1155 sprintf(CS tt, "/%d", mask);
1164 /*************************************************
1165 * Check port for tls_on_connect *
1166 *************************************************/
1168 /* This function checks whether a given incoming port is configured for tls-
1169 on-connect. It is called from the daemon and from inetd handling. If the global
1170 option tls_on_connect is already set, all ports operate this way. Otherwise, we
1171 check the tls_on_connect_ports option for a list of ports.
1173 Argument: a port number
1174 Returns: TRUE or FALSE
1178 host_is_tls_on_connect_port(int port)
1182 uschar *list = tls_on_connect_ports;
1185 if (tls_on_connect) return TRUE;
1187 while ((s = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) != NULL)
1190 int lport = Ustrtol(s, &end, 10);
1191 if (*end != 0) log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "tls_on_connect_ports "
1192 "contains \"%s\", which is not a port number: exim abandoned", s);
1193 if (lport == port) return TRUE;
1201 /*************************************************
1202 * Check whether host is in a network *
1203 *************************************************/
1205 /* This function checks whether a given IP address matches a pattern that
1206 represents either a single host, or a network (using CIDR notation). The caller
1207 of this function must check the syntax of the arguments before calling it.
1210 host string representation of the ip-address to check
1211 net string representation of the network, with optional CIDR mask
1212 maskoffset offset to the / that introduces the mask in the key
1213 zero if there is no mask
1216 TRUE the host is inside the network
1217 FALSE the host is NOT inside the network
1221 host_is_in_net(uschar *host, uschar *net, int maskoffset)
1227 int size = host_aton(net, address);
1230 /* No mask => all bits to be checked */
1232 if (maskoffset == 0) mlen = 99999; /* Big number */
1233 else mlen = Uatoi(net + maskoffset + 1);
1235 /* Convert the incoming address to binary. */
1237 insize = host_aton(host, incoming);
1239 /* Convert IPv4 addresses given in IPv6 compatible mode, which represent
1240 connections from IPv4 hosts to IPv6 hosts, that is, addresses of the form
1241 ::ffff:<v4address>, to IPv4 format. */
1243 if (insize == 4 && incoming[0] == 0 && incoming[1] == 0 &&
1244 incoming[2] == 0xffff)
1247 incoming[0] = incoming[3];
1250 /* No match if the sizes don't agree. */
1252 if (insize != size) return FALSE;
1254 /* Else do the masked comparison. */
1256 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
1259 if (mlen == 0) mask = 0;
1262 mask = (-1) << (32 - mlen);
1270 if ((incoming[i] & mask) != (address[i] & mask)) return FALSE;
1278 /*************************************************
1279 * Scan host list for local hosts *
1280 *************************************************/
1282 /* Scan through a chain of addresses and check whether any of them is the
1283 address of an interface on the local machine. If so, remove that address and
1284 any previous ones with the same MX value, and all subsequent ones (which will
1285 have greater or equal MX values) from the chain. Note: marking them as unusable
1286 is NOT the right thing to do because it causes the hosts not to be used for
1287 other domains, for which they may well be correct.
1289 The hosts may be part of a longer chain; we only process those between the
1290 initial pointer and the "last" pointer.
1292 There is also a list of "pseudo-local" host names which are checked against the
1293 host names. Any match causes that host item to be treated the same as one which
1294 matches a local IP address.
1296 If the very first host is a local host, then all MX records had a precedence
1297 greater than or equal to that of the local host. Either there's a problem in
1298 the DNS, or an apparently remote name turned out to be an abbreviation for the
1299 local host. Give a specific return code, and let the caller decide what to do.
1300 Otherwise, give a success code if at least one host address has been found.
1303 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1304 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1305 removed if not NULL, set TRUE if some local addresses were removed
1309 HOST_FOUND if there is at least one host with an IP address on the chain
1310 and an MX value less than any MX value associated with the
1312 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL if a local host is among the lowest-numbered MX hosts; when
1313 the host addresses were obtained from A records or
1314 gethostbyname(), the MX values are set to -1.
1315 HOST_FIND_FAILED if no valid hosts with set IP addresses were found
1319 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr, BOOL *removed)
1321 int yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED;
1322 host_item *last = *lastptr;
1323 host_item *prev = NULL;
1326 if (removed != NULL) *removed = FALSE;
1328 if (local_interface_data == NULL) local_interface_data = host_find_interfaces();
1330 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1333 if (hosts_treat_as_local != NULL)
1336 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
1337 deliver_domain = h->name; /* set $domain */
1338 rc = match_isinlist(string_copylc(h->name), &hosts_treat_as_local, 0,
1339 &domainlist_anchor, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
1340 deliver_domain = save;
1341 if (rc == OK) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1345 /* It seems that on many operating systems, 0.0.0.0 is treated as a synonym
1346 for 127.0.0.1 and refers to the local host. We therefore force it always to
1347 be treated as local. */
1349 if (h->address != NULL)
1351 ip_address_item *ip;
1352 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, "0.0.0.0") == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1353 for (ip = local_interface_data; ip != NULL; ip = ip->next)
1354 if (Ustrcmp(h->address, ip->address) == 0) goto FOUND_LOCAL;
1355 yield = HOST_FOUND; /* At least one remote address has been found */
1358 /* Update prev to point to the last host item before any that have
1359 the same MX value as the one we have just considered. */
1361 if (h->next == NULL || h->next->mx != h->mx) prev = h;
1364 return yield; /* No local hosts found: return HOST_FOUND or HOST_FIND_FAILED */
1366 /* A host whose IP address matches a local IP address, or whose name matches
1367 something in hosts_treat_as_local has been found. */
1373 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf((h->mx >= 0)?
1374 "local host has lowest MX\n" :
1375 "local host found for non-MX address\n");
1376 return HOST_FOUND_LOCAL;
1379 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1381 debug_printf("local host in host list - removed hosts:\n");
1382 for (h = prev->next; h != last->next; h = h->next)
1383 debug_printf(" %s %s %d\n", h->name, h->address, h->mx);
1386 if (removed != NULL) *removed = TRUE;
1387 prev->next = last->next;
1395 /*************************************************
1396 * Remove duplicate IPs in host list *
1397 *************************************************/
1399 /* You would think that administrators could set up their DNS records so that
1400 one ended up with a list of unique IP addresses after looking up A or MX
1401 records, but apparently duplication is common. So we scan such lists and
1402 remove the later duplicates. Note that we may get lists in which some host
1403 addresses are not set.
1406 host pointer to the first host in the chain
1407 lastptr pointer to pointer to the last host in the chain (may be updated)
1413 host_remove_duplicates(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr)
1415 while (host != *lastptr)
1417 if (host->address != NULL)
1419 host_item *h = host;
1420 while (h != *lastptr)
1422 if (h->next->address != NULL &&
1423 Ustrcmp(h->next->address, host->address) == 0)
1425 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("duplicate IP address %s (MX=%d) "
1426 "removed\n", host->address, h->next->mx);
1427 if (h->next == *lastptr) *lastptr = h;
1428 h->next = h->next->next;
1433 /* If the last item was removed, host may have become == *lastptr */
1434 if (host != *lastptr) host = host->next;
1441 /*************************************************
1442 * Find sender host name by gethostbyaddr() *
1443 *************************************************/
1445 /* This used to be the only way it was done, but it turns out that not all
1446 systems give aliases for calls to gethostbyaddr() - or one of the modern
1447 equivalents like getipnodebyaddr(). Fortunately, multiple PTR records are rare,
1448 but they can still exist. This function is now used only when a DNS lookup of
1449 the IP address fails, in order to give access to /etc/hosts.
1452 Returns: OK, DEFER, FAIL
1456 host_name_lookup_byaddr(void)
1460 struct hostent *hosts;
1461 struct in_addr addr;
1463 /* Lookup on IPv6 system */
1466 if (Ustrchr(sender_host_address, ':') != NULL)
1468 struct in6_addr addr6;
1469 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, CS sender_host_address, &addr6) != 1)
1470 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1471 "IPv6 address", sender_host_address);
1472 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1473 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6, &h_errno);
1475 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6);
1480 if (inet_pton(AF_INET, CS sender_host_address, &addr) != 1)
1481 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN|LOG_PANIC_DIE, "unable to parse \"%s\" as an "
1482 "IPv4 address", sender_host_address);
1483 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYADDR
1484 hosts = getipnodebyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET, &h_errno);
1486 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS &addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1490 /* Do lookup on IPv4 system */
1493 addr.s_addr = (S_ADDR_TYPE)inet_addr(CS sender_host_address);
1494 hosts = gethostbyaddr(CS(&addr), sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
1497 /* Failed to look up the host. */
1501 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup failed: h_errno=%d\n",
1503 return (h_errno == TRY_AGAIN || h_errno == NO_RECOVERY) ? DEFER : FAIL;
1506 /* It seems there are some records in the DNS that yield an empty name. We
1507 treat this as non-existent. In some operating systems, this is returned as an
1508 empty string; in others as a single dot. */
1510 if (hosts->h_name == NULL || hosts->h_name[0] == 0 || hosts->h_name[0] == '.')
1512 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an empty name: "
1513 "treated as non-existent host name\n");
1517 /* Copy and lowercase the name, which is in static storage in many systems.
1518 Put it in permanent memory. */
1520 s = (uschar *)hosts->h_name;
1521 len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1522 t = sender_host_name = store_get_perm(len);
1523 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1526 /* If the host has aliases, build a copy of the alias list */
1528 if (hosts->h_aliases != NULL)
1531 uschar **aliases, **ptr;
1532 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++) count++;
1533 ptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get_perm(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1534 for (aliases = USS hosts->h_aliases; *aliases != NULL; aliases++)
1536 uschar *s = *aliases;
1537 int len = Ustrlen(s) + 1;
1538 uschar *t = *ptr++ = store_get_perm(len);
1539 while (*s != 0) *t++ = tolower(*s++);
1550 /*************************************************
1551 * Find host name for incoming call *
1552 *************************************************/
1554 /* Put the name in permanent store, pointed to by sender_host_name. We also set
1555 up a list of alias names, pointed to by sender_host_alias. The list is
1556 NULL-terminated. The incoming address is in sender_host_address, either in
1557 dotted-quad form for IPv4 or in colon-separated form for IPv6.
1559 This function does a thorough check that the names it finds point back to the
1560 incoming IP address. Any that do not are discarded. Note that this is relied on
1561 by the ACL reverse_host_lookup check.
1563 On some systems, get{host,ipnode}byaddr() appears to do this internally, but
1564 this it not universally true. Also, for release 4.30, this function was changed
1565 to do a direct DNS lookup first, by default[1], because it turns out that that
1566 is the only guaranteed way to find all the aliases on some systems. My
1567 experiments indicate that Solaris gethostbyaddr() gives the aliases for but
1570 [1] The actual order is controlled by the host_lookup_order option.
1573 Returns: OK on success, the answer being placed in the global variable
1574 sender_host_name, with any aliases in a list hung off
1576 FAIL if no host name can be found
1577 DEFER if a temporary error was encountered
1579 The variable host_lookup_msg is set to an empty string on sucess, or to a
1580 reason for the failure otherwise, in a form suitable for tagging onto an error
1581 message, and also host_lookup_failed is set TRUE if the lookup failed. If there
1582 was a defer, host_lookup_deferred is set TRUE.
1584 Any dynamically constructed string for host_lookup_msg must be in permanent
1585 store, because it might be used for several incoming messages on the same SMTP
1589 host_name_lookup(void)
1593 uschar *hname, *save_hostname;
1597 uschar *list = host_lookup_order;
1602 host_lookup_deferred = host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
1604 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1605 debug_printf("looking up host name for %s\n", sender_host_address);
1607 /* For testing the case when a lookup does not complete, we have a special
1608 reserved IP address. */
1610 if (running_in_test_harness &&
1611 Ustrcmp(sender_host_address, "99.99.99.99") == 0)
1613 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1614 debug_printf("Test harness: host name lookup returns DEFER\n");
1615 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1619 /* Do lookups directly in the DNS or via gethostbyaddr() (or equivalent), in
1620 the order specified by the host_lookup_order option. */
1622 while ((ordername = string_nextinlist(&list, &sep, buffer, sizeof(buffer)))
1625 if (strcmpic(ordername, US"bydns") == 0)
1627 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE);
1628 dns_build_reverse(sender_host_address, buffer);
1629 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, T_PTR, NULL);
1631 /* The first record we come across is used for the name; others are
1632 considered to be aliases. We have to scan twice, in order to find out the
1633 number of aliases. However, if all the names are empty, we will behave as
1634 if failure. (PTR records that yield empty names have been encountered in
1637 if (rc == DNS_SUCCEED)
1639 uschar **aptr = NULL;
1642 int old_pool = store_pool;
1644 store_pool = POOL_PERM; /* Save names in permanent storage */
1646 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1648 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1650 if (rr->type == T_PTR) count++;
1653 /* Get store for the list of aliases. For compatibility with
1654 gethostbyaddr, we make an empty list if there are none. */
1656 aptr = sender_host_aliases = store_get(count * sizeof(uschar *));
1658 /* Re-scan and extract the names */
1660 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
1662 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
1665 if (rr->type != T_PTR) continue;
1666 s = store_get(ssize);
1668 /* If an overlong response was received, the data will have been
1669 truncated and dn_expand may fail. */
1671 if (dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen,
1672 (uschar *)(rr->data), (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)(s), ssize) < 0)
1674 log_write(0, LOG_MAIN, "host name alias list truncated for %s",
1675 sender_host_address);
1679 store_reset(s + Ustrlen(s) + 1);
1682 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded an "
1683 "empty name: treated as non-existent host name\n");
1686 if (sender_host_name == NULL) sender_host_name = s;
1688 while (*s != 0) { *s = tolower(*s); s++; }
1691 *aptr = NULL; /* End of alias list */
1692 store_pool = old_pool; /* Reset store pool */
1694 /* If we've found a names, break out of the "order" loop */
1696 if (sender_host_name != NULL) break;
1699 /* If the DNS lookup deferred, we must also defer. */
1701 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN)
1703 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1704 debug_printf("IP address PTR lookup gave temporary error\n");
1705 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1710 /* Do a lookup using gethostbyaddr() - or equivalent */
1712 else if (strcmpic(ordername, US"byaddr") == 0)
1714 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1715 debug_printf("IP address lookup using gethostbyaddr()\n");
1716 rc = host_name_lookup_byaddr();
1719 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1720 return rc; /* Can't carry on */
1722 if (rc == OK) break; /* Found a name */
1724 } /* Loop for bydns/byaddr scanning */
1726 /* If we have failed to find a name, return FAIL and log when required.
1727 NB host_lookup_msg must be in permanent store. */
1729 if (sender_host_name == NULL)
1731 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
1732 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "no host name found for IP "
1733 "address %s", sender_host_address);
1734 host_lookup_msg = US" (failed to find host name from IP address)";
1735 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1739 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1741 uschar **aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1742 debug_printf("IP address lookup yielded %s\n", sender_host_name);
1743 while (*aliases != NULL) debug_printf(" alias %s\n", *aliases++);
1746 /* We need to verify that a forward lookup on the name we found does indeed
1747 correspond to the address. This is for security: in principle a malefactor who
1748 happened to own a reverse zone could set it to point to any names at all.
1750 This code was present in versions of Exim before 3.20. At that point I took it
1751 out because I thought that gethostbyaddr() did the check anyway. It turns out
1752 that this isn't always the case, so it's coming back in at 4.01. This version
1753 is actually better, because it also checks aliases.
1755 The code was made more robust at release 4.21. Prior to that, it accepted all
1756 the names if any of them had the correct IP address. Now the code checks all
1757 the names, and accepts only those that have the correct IP address. */
1759 save_hostname = sender_host_name; /* Save for error messages */
1760 aliases = sender_host_aliases;
1761 for (hname = sender_host_name; hname != NULL; hname = *aliases++)
1771 /* When called with the last argument FALSE, host_find_byname() won't return
1772 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. If the incoming address is an IPv4 address expressed in
1773 IPv6 format, we must compare the IPv4 part to any IPv4 addresses. */
1775 if ((rc = host_find_byname(&h, NULL, 0, NULL, FALSE)) == HOST_FOUND)
1778 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("checking addresses for %s\n", hname);
1779 for (hh = &h; hh != NULL; hh = hh->next)
1781 if (host_is_in_net(hh->address, sender_host_address, 0))
1783 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s OK\n", hh->address);
1789 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf(" %s\n", hh->address);
1792 if (!ok) HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1793 debug_printf("no IP address for %s matched %s\n", hname,
1794 sender_host_address);
1796 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
1798 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("temporary error for host name lookup\n");
1799 host_lookup_deferred = TRUE;
1800 sender_host_name = NULL;
1805 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("no IP addresses found for %s\n", hname);
1808 /* If this name is no good, and it's the sender name, set it null pro tem;
1809 if it's an alias, just remove it from the list. */
1813 if (hname == sender_host_name) sender_host_name = NULL; else
1815 uschar **a; /* Don't amalgamate - some */
1816 a = --aliases; /* compilers grumble */
1817 while (*a != NULL) { *a = a[1]; a++; }
1822 /* If sender_host_name == NULL, it means we didn't like the name. Replace
1823 it with the first alias, if there is one. */
1825 if (sender_host_name == NULL && *sender_host_aliases != NULL)
1826 sender_host_name = *sender_host_aliases++;
1828 /* If we now have a main name, all is well. */
1830 if (sender_host_name != NULL) return OK;
1832 /* We have failed to find an address that matches. */
1834 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
1835 debug_printf("%s does not match any IP address for %s\n",
1836 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1838 /* This message must be in permanent store */
1840 old_pool = store_pool;
1841 store_pool = POOL_PERM;
1842 host_lookup_msg = string_sprintf(" (%s does not match any IP address for %s)",
1843 sender_host_address, save_hostname);
1844 store_pool = old_pool;
1845 host_lookup_failed = TRUE;
1852 /*************************************************
1853 * Find IP address(es) for host by name *
1854 *************************************************/
1856 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name filled in and the address
1857 field set to NULL. We use gethostbyname() or getipnodebyname() or
1858 gethostbyname2(), as appropriate. Of course, these functions may use the DNS,
1859 but they do not do MX processing. It appears, however, that in some systems the
1860 current setting of resolver options is used when one of these functions calls
1861 the resolver. For this reason, we call dns_init() at the start, with arguments
1862 influenced by bits in "flags", just as we do for host_find_bydns().
1864 The second argument provides a host list (usually an IP list) of hosts to
1865 ignore. This makes it possible to ignore IPv6 link-local addresses or loopback
1866 addresses in unreasonable places.
1868 The lookup may result in a change of name. For compatibility with the dns
1869 lookup, return this via fully_qualified_name as well as updating the host item.
1870 The lookup may also yield more than one IP address, in which case chain on
1871 subsequent host_item structures.
1874 host a host item with the name and MX filled in;
1875 the address is to be filled in;
1876 multiple IP addresses cause other host items to be
1878 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
1879 flags HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE ) passed to
1880 HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS ) dns_init()
1881 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, set to point to host name for
1882 compatibility with host_find_bydns
1883 local_host_check TRUE if a check for the local host is wanted
1885 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain
1886 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Try again later
1887 HOST_FOUND Host found - data filled in
1888 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL Host found and is the local host
1892 host_find_byname(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts, int flags,
1893 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL local_host_check)
1895 int i, yield, times;
1897 host_item *last = NULL;
1898 BOOL temp_error = FALSE;
1903 /* If we are in the test harness, a name ending in .test.again.dns always
1904 forces a temporary error response, unless the name is in
1905 dns_again_means_nonexist. */
1907 if (running_in_test_harness)
1909 uschar *endname = host->name + Ustrlen(host->name);
1910 if (Ustrcmp(endname - 14, "test.again.dns") == 0) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
1913 /* Make sure DNS options are set as required. This appears to be necessary in
1914 some circumstances when the get..byname() function actually calls the DNS. */
1916 dns_init((flags & HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE) != 0,
1917 (flags & HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS) != 0);
1919 /* In an IPv6 world, unless IPv6 has been disabled, we need to scan for both
1920 kinds of address, so go round the loop twice. Note that we have ensured that
1921 AF_INET6 is defined even in an IPv4 world, which makes for slightly tidier
1922 code. However, if dns_ipv4_lookup matches the domain, we also just do IPv4
1923 lookups here (except when testing standalone). */
1930 (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
1931 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
1935 { af = AF_INET; times = 1; }
1937 { af = AF_INET6; times = 2; }
1939 /* No IPv6 support */
1941 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1943 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1945 /* Initialize the flag that gets set for DNS syntax check errors, so that the
1946 interface to this function can be similar to host_find_bydns. */
1948 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
1950 /* Loop to look up both kinds of address in an IPv6 world */
1952 for (i = 1; i <= times;
1954 af = AF_INET, /* If 2 passes, IPv4 on the second */
1960 struct hostent *hostdata;
1963 printf("Looking up: %s\n", host->name);
1967 if (running_in_test_harness)
1968 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, af, &error_num);
1971 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
1972 hostdata = getipnodebyname(CS host->name, af, 0, &error_num);
1974 hostdata = gethostbyname2(CS host->name, af);
1975 error_num = h_errno;
1979 #else /* not HAVE_IPV6 */
1980 if (running_in_test_harness)
1981 hostdata = host_fake_gethostbyname(host->name, AF_INET, &error_num);
1984 hostdata = gethostbyname(CS host->name);
1985 error_num = h_errno;
1987 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
1989 if (hostdata == NULL)
1994 case HOST_NOT_FOUND: error = US"HOST_NOT_FOUND"; break;
1995 case TRY_AGAIN: error = US"TRY_AGAIN"; break;
1996 case NO_RECOVERY: error = US"NO_RECOVERY"; break;
1997 case NO_DATA: error = US"NO_DATA"; break;
1998 #if NO_DATA != NO_ADDRESS
1999 case NO_ADDRESS: error = US"NO_ADDRESS"; break;
2001 default: error = US"?"; break;
2004 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s returned %d (%s)\n",
2006 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
2007 (af == AF_INET6)? "getipnodebyname(af=inet6)" : "getipnodebyname(af=inet)",
2009 (af == AF_INET6)? "gethostbyname2(af=inet6)" : "gethostbyname2(af=inet)",
2016 if (error_num == TRY_AGAIN || error_num == NO_RECOVERY) temp_error = TRUE;
2019 if ((hostdata->h_addr_list)[0] == NULL) continue;
2021 /* Replace the name with the fully qualified one if necessary, and fill in
2022 the fully_qualified_name pointer. */
2024 if (hostdata->h_name[0] != 0 &&
2025 Ustrcmp(host->name, hostdata->h_name) != 0)
2026 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain((uschar *)hostdata->h_name);
2027 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2029 /* Get the list of addresses. IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be distinguished
2030 by their different lengths. Scan the list, ignoring any that are to be
2031 ignored, and build a chain from the rest. */
2033 ipv4_addr = hostdata->h_length == sizeof(struct in_addr);
2035 for (addrlist = USS hostdata->h_addr_list; *addrlist != NULL; addrlist++)
2037 uschar *text_address =
2038 host_ntoa(ipv4_addr? AF_INET:AF_INET6, *addrlist, NULL, NULL);
2041 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2042 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2043 text_address, NULL) == OK)
2045 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2046 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, text_address);
2051 /* If this is the first address, last == NULL and we put the data in the
2056 host->address = text_address;
2057 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2058 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2059 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2063 /* Else add further host item blocks for any other addresses, keeping
2068 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2069 next->name = host->name;
2070 next->mx = host->mx;
2071 next->address = text_address;
2072 next->port = PORT_NONE;
2073 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2074 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2076 next->next = last->next;
2083 /* If no hosts were found, the address field in the original host block will be
2084 NULL. If temp_error is set, at least one of the lookups gave a temporary error,
2085 so we pass that back. */
2087 if (host->address == NULL)
2091 (message_id[0] == 0 && smtp_in != NULL)?
2092 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s (during %s)", host->name,
2093 smtp_get_connection_info()) :
2095 string_sprintf("no IP address found for host %s", host->name);
2097 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s\n", msg);
2098 if (temp_error) goto RETURN_AGAIN;
2099 if (host_checking || !log_testing_mode)
2100 log_write(L_host_lookup_failed, LOG_MAIN, "%s", msg);
2101 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2104 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses, then check to see if this is the local
2105 host if required. */
2107 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
2108 yield = local_host_check?
2109 host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, NULL) : HOST_FOUND;
2111 HDEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2114 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2115 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2116 debug_printf("%s looked up these IP addresses:\n",
2118 #if HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
2127 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2128 debug_printf(" name=%s address=%s\n", h->name,
2129 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address);
2132 /* Return the found status. */
2136 /* Handle the case when there is a temporary error. If the name matches
2137 dns_again_means_nonexist, return permanent rather than temporary failure. */
2143 uschar *save = deliver_domain;
2144 deliver_domain = host->name; /* set $domain */
2145 rc = match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_again_means_nonexist, 0, NULL, NULL,
2146 MCL_DOMAIN, TRUE, NULL);
2147 deliver_domain = save;
2150 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("%s is in dns_again_means_nonexist: "
2151 "returning HOST_FIND_FAILED\n", host->name);
2152 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2155 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2161 /*************************************************
2162 * Fill in a host address from the DNS *
2163 *************************************************/
2165 /* Given a host item, with its name, port and mx fields set, and its address
2166 field set to NULL, fill in its IP address from the DNS. If it is multi-homed,
2167 create additional host items for the additional addresses, copying all the
2168 other fields, and randomizing the order.
2170 On IPv6 systems, A6 records are sought first (but only if support for A6 is
2171 configured - they may never become mainstream), then AAAA records are sought,
2172 and finally A records are sought as well.
2174 The host name may be changed if the DNS returns a different name - e.g. fully
2175 qualified or changed via CNAME. If fully_qualified_name is not NULL, dns_lookup
2176 ensures that it points to the fully qualified name. However, this is the fully
2177 qualified version of the original name; if a CNAME is involved, the actual
2178 canonical host name may be different again, and so we get it directly from the
2179 relevant RR. Note that we do NOT change the mx field of the host item in this
2180 function as it may be called to set the addresses of hosts taken from MX
2184 host points to the host item we're filling in
2185 lastptr points to pointer to last host item in a chain of
2186 host items (may be updated if host is last and gets
2187 extended because multihomed)
2188 ignore_target_hosts list of hosts to ignore
2189 allow_ip if TRUE, recognize an IP address and return it
2190 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully qualified name here if
2191 the contents are different (i.e. it must be preset
2194 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED couldn't find A record
2195 HOST_FIND_AGAIN try again later
2196 HOST_FOUND found AAAA and/or A record(s)
2197 HOST_IGNORED found, but all IPs ignored
2201 set_address_from_dns(host_item *host, host_item **lastptr,
2202 uschar *ignore_target_hosts, BOOL allow_ip, uschar **fully_qualified_name)
2205 host_item *thishostlast = NULL; /* Indicates not yet filled in anything */
2206 BOOL v6_find_again = FALSE;
2209 /* If allow_ip is set, a name which is an IP address returns that value
2210 as its address. This is used for MX records when allow_mx_to_ip is set, for
2211 those sites that feel they have to flaunt the RFC rules. */
2213 if (allow_ip && string_is_ip_address(host->name, NULL) != 0)
2216 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2217 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL, host->name,
2218 host->name, NULL) == OK)
2219 return HOST_IGNORED;
2222 host->address = host->name;
2226 /* On an IPv6 system, unless IPv6 is disabled, go round the loop up to three
2227 times, looking for A6 and AAAA records the first two times. However, unless
2228 doing standalone testing, we force an IPv4 lookup if the domain matches
2229 dns_ipv4_lookup is set. Since A6 records look like being abandoned, support
2230 them only if explicitly configured to do so. On an IPv4 system, go round the
2231 loop once only, looking only for A records. */
2235 if (disable_ipv6 || (dns_ipv4_lookup != NULL &&
2236 match_isinlist(host->name, &dns_ipv4_lookup, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2238 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2240 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */
2243 i = 2; /* look up A6 and AAAA and A records */
2245 i = 1; /* look up AAAA and A records */
2246 #endif /* SUPPORT_A6 */
2248 /* The IPv4 world */
2250 #else /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2251 i = 0; /* look up A records only */
2252 #endif /* HAVE_IPV6 */
2256 static int types[] = { T_A, T_AAAA, T_A6 };
2257 int type = types[i];
2258 int randoffset = (i == 0)? 500 : 0; /* Ensures v6 sorts before v4 */
2262 int rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, type, fully_qualified_name);
2264 /* We want to return HOST_FIND_AGAIN if one of the A, A6, or AAAA lookups
2265 fails or times out, but not if another one succeeds. (In the early
2266 IPv6 days there are name servers that always fail on AAAA, but are happy
2267 to give out an A record. We want to proceed with that A record.) */
2269 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2271 if (i == 0) /* Just tried for an A record, i.e. end of loop */
2273 if (host->address != NULL) return HOST_FOUND; /* A6 or AAAA was found */
2274 if (rc == DNS_AGAIN || rc == DNS_FAIL || v6_find_again)
2275 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2276 return HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* DNS_NOMATCH or DNS_NODATA */
2279 /* Tried for an A6 or AAAA record: remember if this was a temporary
2280 error, and look for the next record type. */
2282 if (rc != DNS_NOMATCH && rc != DNS_NODATA) v6_find_again = TRUE;
2286 /* Lookup succeeded: fill in the given host item with the first non-ignored
2287 address found; create additional items for any others. A single A6 record
2288 may generate more than one address. */
2290 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2292 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2294 if (rr->type == type)
2296 /* dns_address *da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr); */
2299 da = dns_address_from_rr(&dnsa, rr);
2301 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2304 debug_printf("no addresses extracted from A6 RR for %s\n",
2308 /* This loop runs only once for A and AAAA records, but may run
2309 several times for an A6 record that generated multiple addresses. */
2311 for (; da != NULL; da = da->next)
2314 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL &&
2315 verify_check_this_host(&ignore_target_hosts, NULL,
2316 host->name, da->address, NULL) == OK)
2318 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2319 debug_printf("ignored host %s [%s]\n", host->name, da->address);
2324 /* If this is the first address, stick it in the given host block,
2325 and change the name if the returned RR has a different name. */
2327 if (thishostlast == NULL)
2329 if (strcmpic(host->name, rr->name) != 0)
2330 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(rr->name);
2331 host->address = da->address;
2332 host->sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2333 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2334 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2335 thishostlast = host;
2338 /* Not the first address. Check for, and ignore, duplicates. Then
2339 insert in the chain at a random point. */
2346 /* End of our local chain is specified by "thishostlast". */
2348 for (next = host;; next = next->next)
2350 if (Ustrcmp(CS da->address, next->address) == 0) break;
2351 if (next == thishostlast) { next = NULL; break; }
2353 if (next != NULL) continue; /* With loop for next address */
2355 /* Not a duplicate */
2357 new_sort_key = host->mx * 1000 + random_number(500) + randoffset;
2358 next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2360 /* New address goes first: insert the new block after the first one
2361 (so as not to disturb the original pointer) but put the new address
2362 in the original block. */
2364 if (new_sort_key < host->sort_key)
2366 *next = *host; /* Copies port */
2368 host->address = da->address;
2369 host->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2370 if (thishostlast == host) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2371 if (*lastptr == host) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2374 /* Otherwise scan down the addresses for this host to find the
2375 one to insert after. */
2379 host_item *h = host;
2380 while (h != thishostlast)
2382 if (new_sort_key < h->next->sort_key) break;
2385 *next = *h; /* Copies port */
2387 next->address = da->address;
2388 next->sort_key = new_sort_key;
2389 if (h == thishostlast) thishostlast = next; /* Local last */
2390 if (h == *lastptr) *lastptr = next; /* Global last */
2398 /* Control gets here only if the third lookup (the A record) succeeded.
2399 However, the address may not be filled in if it was ignored. */
2401 return (host->address == NULL)? HOST_IGNORED : HOST_FOUND;
2407 /*************************************************
2408 * Find IP addresses and host names via DNS *
2409 *************************************************/
2411 /* The input is a host_item structure with the name field filled in and the
2412 address field set to NULL. This may be in a chain of other host items. The
2413 lookup may result in more than one IP address, in which case we must created
2414 new host blocks for the additional addresses, and insert them into the chain.
2415 The original name may not be fully qualified. Use the fully_qualified_name
2416 argument to return the official name, as returned by the resolver.
2419 host point to initial host item
2420 ignore_target_hosts a list of hosts to ignore
2421 whichrrs flags indicating which RRs to look for:
2422 HOST_FIND_BY_SRV => look for SRV
2423 HOST_FIND_BY_MX => look for MX
2424 HOST_FIND_BY_A => look for A or AAAA
2425 also flags indicating how the lookup is done
2426 HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE ) passed to the
2427 HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS ) resolver
2428 srv_service when SRV used, the service name
2429 srv_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2430 mx_fail_domains DNS errors for these domains => assume nonexist
2431 fully_qualified_name if not NULL, return fully-qualified name
2432 removed set TRUE if local host was removed from the list
2434 Returns: HOST_FIND_FAILED Failed to find the host or domain;
2435 if there was a syntax error,
2436 host_find_failed_syntax is set.
2437 HOST_FIND_AGAIN Could not resolve at this time
2438 HOST_FOUND Host found
2439 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL The lowest MX record points to this
2440 machine, if MX records were found, or
2441 an A record that was found contains
2442 an address of the local host
2446 host_find_bydns(host_item *host, uschar *ignore_target_hosts, int whichrrs,
2447 uschar *srv_service, uschar *srv_fail_domains, uschar *mx_fail_domains,
2448 uschar **fully_qualified_name, BOOL *removed)
2450 host_item *h, *last;
2458 /* Set the default fully qualified name to the incoming name, initialize the
2459 resolver if necessary, set up the relevant options, and initialize the flag
2460 that gets set for DNS syntax check errors. */
2462 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL) *fully_qualified_name = host->name;
2463 dns_init((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE) != 0,
2464 (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS) != 0);
2465 host_find_failed_syntax = FALSE;
2467 /* First, if requested, look for SRV records. The service name is given; we
2468 assume TCP progocol. DNS domain names are constrained to a maximum of 256
2469 characters, so the code below should be safe. */
2471 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_SRV) != 0)
2474 uschar *temp_fully_qualified_name = buffer;
2477 (void)sprintf(CS buffer, "_%s._tcp.%n%.256s", srv_service, &prefix_length,
2481 /* Search for SRV records. If the fully qualified name is different to
2482 the input name, pass back the new original domain, without the prepended
2485 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, buffer, ind_type, &temp_fully_qualified_name);
2486 if (temp_fully_qualified_name != buffer && fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2487 *fully_qualified_name = temp_fully_qualified_name + prefix_length;
2489 /* On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2490 listed as one for which we continue. */
2492 if (rc == DNS_FAIL || rc == DNS_AGAIN)
2495 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &srv_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2498 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2499 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2500 "(domain in srv_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2504 /* If we did not find any SRV records, search the DNS for MX records, if
2505 requested to do so. If the result is DNS_NOMATCH, it means there is no such
2506 domain, and there's no point in going on to look for address records with the
2507 same domain. The result will be DNS_NODATA if the domain exists but has no MX
2508 records. On DNS failures, we give the "try again" error unless the domain is
2509 listed as one for which we continue. */
2511 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED && (whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_MX) != 0)
2514 rc = dns_lookup(&dnsa, host->name, ind_type, fully_qualified_name);
2515 if (rc == DNS_NOMATCH) return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2516 if (rc == DNS_FAIL || rc == DNS_AGAIN)
2519 if (match_isinlist(host->name, &mx_fail_domains, 0, NULL, NULL, MCL_DOMAIN,
2522 return HOST_FIND_AGAIN;
2523 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("DNS_%s treated as DNS_NODATA "
2524 "(domain in mx_fail_domains)\n", (rc == DNS_FAIL)? "FAIL":"AGAIN");
2528 /* If we haven't found anything yet, and we are requested to do so, try for an
2529 A or AAAA record. If we find it (or them) check to see that it isn't the local
2532 if (rc != DNS_SUCCEED)
2534 if ((whichrrs & HOST_FIND_BY_A) == 0)
2536 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("Address records are not being sought\n");
2537 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2540 last = host; /* End of local chainlet */
2542 host->port = PORT_NONE;
2543 rc = set_address_from_dns(host, &last, ignore_target_hosts, FALSE,
2544 fully_qualified_name);
2546 /* If one or more address records have been found, check that none of them
2547 are local. Since we know the host items all have their IP addresses
2548 inserted, host_scan_for_local_hosts() can only return HOST_FOUND or
2549 HOST_FOUND_LOCAL. We do not need to scan for duplicate IP addresses here,
2550 because set_address_from_dns() removes them. */
2552 if (rc == HOST_FOUND)
2553 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
2555 if (rc == HOST_IGNORED) rc = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* No special action */
2557 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2560 if (host->address != NULL)
2562 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2563 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2564 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2565 debug_printf("%s %s mx=%d sort=%d %s\n", h->name,
2566 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx, h->sort_key,
2567 (h->status >= hstatus_unusable)? US"*" : US"");
2574 /* We have found one or more MX or SRV records. Sort them according to
2575 precedence. Put the data for the first one into the existing host block, and
2576 insert new host_item blocks into the chain for the remainder. For equal
2577 precedences one is supposed to randomize the order. To make this happen, the
2578 sorting is actually done on the MX value * 1000 + a random number. This is put
2579 into a host field called sort_key.
2581 In the case of hosts with both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses, we want to choose the
2582 IPv6 address in preference. At this stage, we don't know what kind of address
2583 the host has. We choose a random number < 500; if later we find an A record
2584 first, we add 500 to the random number. Then for any other address records, we
2585 use random numbers in the range 0-499 for AAAA records and 500-999 for A
2588 At this point we remove any duplicates that point to the same host, retaining
2589 only the one with the lowest precedence. We cannot yet check for precedence
2590 greater than that of the local host, because that test cannot be properly done
2591 until the addresses have been found - an MX record may point to a name for this
2592 host which is not the primary hostname. */
2594 last = NULL; /* Indicates that not even the first item is filled yet */
2596 for (rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_ANSWERS);
2598 rr = dns_next_rr(&dnsa, &dnss, RESET_NEXT))
2601 int weight = 0; /* For SRV records */
2602 int port = PORT_NONE;
2603 uschar *s; /* MUST be unsigned for GETSHORT */
2606 if (rr->type != ind_type) continue;
2608 GETSHORT(precedence, s); /* Pointer s is advanced */
2610 /* For MX records, we use a random "weight" which causes multiple records of
2611 the same precedence to sort randomly. */
2613 if (ind_type == T_MX)
2615 weight = random_number(500);
2618 /* SRV records are specified with a port and a weight. The weight is used
2619 in a special algorithm. However, to start with, we just use it to order the
2620 records of equal priority (precedence). */
2624 GETSHORT(weight, s);
2628 /* Get the name of the host pointed to. */
2630 (void)dn_expand(dnsa.answer, dnsa.answer + dnsa.answerlen, s,
2631 (DN_EXPAND_ARG4_TYPE)data, sizeof(data));
2633 /* Check that we haven't already got this host on the chain; if we have,
2634 keep only the lower precedence. This situation shouldn't occur, but you
2635 never know what junk might get into the DNS (and this case has been seen on
2636 more than one occasion). */
2638 if (last != NULL) /* This is not the first record */
2640 host_item *prev = NULL;
2642 for (h = host; h != last->next; prev = h, h = h->next)
2644 if (strcmpic(h->name, data) == 0)
2646 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2647 debug_printf("discarded duplicate host %s (MX=%d)\n", data,
2648 (precedence > h->mx)? precedence : h->mx);
2649 if (precedence >= h->mx) goto NEXT_MX_RR; /* Skip greater precedence */
2650 if (h == host) /* Override first item */
2653 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2657 /* Unwanted host item is not the first in the chain, so we can get
2658 get rid of it by cutting it out. */
2660 prev->next = h->next;
2661 if (h == last) last = prev;
2667 /* If this is the first MX or SRV record, put the data into the existing host
2668 block. Otherwise, add a new block in the correct place; if it has to be
2669 before the first block, copy the first block's data to a new second block. */
2673 host->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2674 host->address = NULL;
2676 host->mx = precedence;
2677 host->sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2678 host->status = hstatus_unknown;
2679 host->why = hwhy_unknown;
2683 /* Make a new host item and seek the correct insertion place */
2687 int sort_key = precedence * 1000 + weight;
2688 host_item *next = store_get(sizeof(host_item));
2689 next->name = string_copy_dnsdomain(data);
2690 next->address = NULL;
2692 next->mx = precedence;
2693 next->sort_key = sort_key;
2694 next->status = hstatus_unknown;
2695 next->why = hwhy_unknown;
2698 /* Handle the case when we have to insert before the first item. */
2700 if (sort_key < host->sort_key)
2707 if (last == host) last = next;
2710 /* Else scan down the items we have inserted as part of this exercise;
2711 don't go further. */
2715 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
2717 if (sort_key < h->next->sort_key)
2719 next->next = h->next;
2725 /* Join on after the last host item that's part of this
2726 processing if we haven't stopped sooner. */
2730 next->next = last->next;
2737 NEXT_MX_RR: continue;
2740 /* If the list of hosts was obtained from SRV records, there are two things to
2741 do. First, if there is only one host, and it's name is ".", it means there is
2742 no SMTP service at this domain. Otherwise, we have to sort the hosts of equal
2743 priority according to their weights, using an algorithm that is defined in RFC
2744 2782. The hosts are currently sorted by priority and weight. For each priority
2745 group we have to pick off one host and put it first, and then repeat for any
2746 remaining in the same priority group. */
2748 if (ind_type == T_SRV)
2752 if (host == last && host->name[0] == 0)
2754 DEBUG(D_host_lookup) debug_printf("the single SRV record is \".\"\n");
2755 return HOST_FIND_FAILED;
2758 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2760 debug_printf("original ordering of hosts from SRV records:\n");
2761 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2762 debug_printf(" %s P=%d W=%d\n", h->name, h->mx, h->sort_key % 1000);
2765 for (pptr = &host, h = host; h != last; pptr = &(h->next), h = h->next)
2770 /* Find the last following host that has the same precedence. At the same
2771 time, compute the sum of the weights and the running totals. These can be
2772 stored in the sort_key field. */
2774 for (hh = h; hh != last; hh = hh->next)
2776 int weight = hh->sort_key % 1000; /* was precedence * 1000 + weight */
2779 if (hh->mx != hh->next->mx) break;
2782 /* If there's more than one host at this precedence (priority), we need to
2783 pick one to go first. */
2789 int randomizer = random_number(sum + 1);
2791 for (ppptr = pptr, hhh = h;
2793 ppptr = &(hhh->next), hhh = hhh->next)
2795 if (hhh->sort_key >= randomizer) break;
2798 /* hhh now points to the host that should go first; ppptr points to the
2799 place that points to it. Unfortunately, if the start of the minilist is
2800 the start of the entire list, we can't just swap the items over, because
2801 we must not change the value of host, since it is passed in from outside.
2802 One day, this could perhaps be changed.
2804 The special case is fudged by putting the new item *second* in the chain,
2805 and then transferring the data between the first and second items. We
2806 can't just swap the first and the chosen item, because that would mean
2807 that an item with zero weight might no longer be first. */
2811 *ppptr = hhh->next; /* Cuts it out of the chain */
2815 host_item temp = *h;
2818 hhh->next = temp.next;
2824 hhh->next = h; /* The rest of the chain follows it */
2825 *pptr = hhh; /* It takes the place of h */
2826 h = hhh; /* It's now the start of this minilist */
2831 /* A host has been chosen to be first at this priority and h now points
2832 to this host. There may be others at the same priority, or others at a
2833 different priority. Before we leave this host, we need to put back a sort
2834 key of the traditional MX kind, in case this host is multihomed, because
2835 the sort key is used for ordering the multiple IP addresses. We do not need
2836 to ensure that these new sort keys actually reflect the order of the hosts,
2839 h->sort_key = h->mx * 1000 + random_number(500);
2840 } /* Move on to the next host */
2843 /* Now we have to find IP addresses for all the hosts. We have ensured above
2844 that the names in all the host items are unique. Before release 4.61 we used to
2845 process records from the additional section in the DNS packet that returned the
2846 MX or SRV records. However, a DNS name server is free to drop any resource
2847 records from the additional section. In theory, this has always been a
2848 potential problem, but it is exacerbated by the advent of IPv6. If a host had
2849 several IPv4 addresses and some were not in the additional section, at least
2850 Exim would try the others. However, if a host had both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
2851 and all the IPv4 (say) addresses were absent, Exim would try only for a IPv6
2852 connection, and never try an IPv4 address. When there was only IPv4
2853 connectivity, this was a disaster that did in practice occur.
2855 So, from release 4.61 onwards, we always search for A and AAAA records
2856 explicitly. The names shouldn't point to CNAMES, but we use the general lookup
2857 function that handles them, just in case. If any lookup gives a soft error,
2858 change the default yield.
2860 For these DNS lookups, we must disable qualify_single and search_parents;
2861 otherwise invalid host names obtained from MX or SRV records can cause trouble
2862 if they happen to match something local. */
2864 yield = HOST_FIND_FAILED; /* Default yield */
2865 dns_init(FALSE, FALSE); /* Disable qualify_single and search_parents */
2867 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2869 if (h->address != NULL) continue; /* Inserted by a multihomed host */
2870 rc = set_address_from_dns(h, &last, ignore_target_hosts, allow_mx_to_ip, NULL);
2871 if (rc != HOST_FOUND)
2873 h->status = hstatus_unusable;
2874 if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)
2877 h->why = hwhy_deferred;
2880 h->why = (rc == HOST_IGNORED)? hwhy_ignored : hwhy_failed;
2884 /* Scan the list for any hosts that are marked unusable because they have
2885 been explicitly ignored, and remove them from the list, as if they did not
2886 exist. If we end up with just a single, ignored host, flatten its fields as if
2887 nothing was found. */
2889 if (ignore_target_hosts != NULL)
2891 host_item *prev = NULL;
2892 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2895 if (h->why != hwhy_ignored) /* Non ignored host, just continue */
2897 else if (prev == NULL) /* First host is ignored */
2899 if (h != last) /* First is not last */
2901 if (h->next == last) last = h; /* Overwrite it with next */
2902 *h = *(h->next); /* and reprocess it. */
2903 goto REDO; /* C should have redo, like Perl */
2906 else /* Ignored host is not first - */
2908 prev->next = h->next;
2909 if (h == last) last = prev;
2913 if (host->why == hwhy_ignored) host->address = NULL;
2916 /* There is still one complication in the case of IPv6. Although the code above
2917 arranges that IPv6 addresses take precedence over IPv4 addresses for multihomed
2918 hosts, it doesn't do this for addresses that apply to different hosts with the
2919 same MX precedence, because the sorting on MX precedence happens first. So we
2920 have to make another pass to check for this case. We ensure that, within a
2921 single MX preference value, IPv6 addresses come first. This can separate the
2922 addresses of a multihomed host, but that should not matter. */
2925 if (h != last && !disable_ipv6)
2927 for (h = host; h != last; h = h->next)
2930 host_item *next = h->next;
2931 if (h->mx != next->mx || /* If next is different MX */
2932 h->address == NULL || /* OR this one is unset */
2933 Ustrchr(h->address, ':') != NULL || /* OR this one is IPv6 */
2934 (next->address != NULL &&
2935 Ustrchr(next->address, ':') == NULL)) /* OR next is IPv4 */
2936 continue; /* move on to next */
2937 temp = *h; /* otherwise, swap */
2938 temp.next = next->next;
2946 /* Remove any duplicate IP addresses and then scan the list of hosts for any
2947 whose IP addresses are on the local host. If any are found, all hosts with the
2948 same or higher MX values are removed. However, if the local host has the lowest
2949 numbered MX, then HOST_FOUND_LOCAL is returned. Otherwise, if at least one host
2950 with an IP address is on the list, HOST_FOUND is returned. Otherwise,
2951 HOST_FIND_FAILED is returned, but in this case do not update the yield, as it
2952 might have been set to HOST_FIND_AGAIN just above here. If not, it will already
2953 be HOST_FIND_FAILED. */
2955 host_remove_duplicates(host, &last);
2956 rc = host_scan_for_local_hosts(host, &last, removed);
2957 if (rc != HOST_FIND_FAILED) yield = rc;
2959 DEBUG(D_host_lookup)
2961 if (fully_qualified_name != NULL)
2962 debug_printf("fully qualified name = %s\n", *fully_qualified_name);
2963 debug_printf("host_find_bydns yield = %s (%d); returned hosts:\n",
2964 (yield == HOST_FOUND)? "HOST_FOUND" :
2965 (yield == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL)? "HOST_FOUND_LOCAL" :
2966 (yield == HOST_FIND_AGAIN)? "HOST_FIND_AGAIN" :
2967 (yield == HOST_FIND_FAILED)? "HOST_FIND_FAILED" : "?",
2969 for (h = host; h != last->next; h = h->next)
2971 debug_printf(" %s %s MX=%d ", h->name,
2972 (h->address == NULL)? US"<null>" : h->address, h->mx);
2973 if (h->port != PORT_NONE) debug_printf("port=%d ", h->port);
2974 if (h->status >= hstatus_unusable) debug_printf("*");
2985 /*************************************************
2986 **************************************************
2987 * Stand-alone test program *
2988 **************************************************
2989 *************************************************/
2993 int main(int argc, char **cargv)
2996 int whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
2997 BOOL byname = FALSE;
2998 BOOL qualify_single = TRUE;
2999 BOOL search_parents = FALSE;
3000 uschar **argv = USS cargv;
3003 disable_ipv6 = FALSE;
3004 primary_hostname = US"";
3005 store_pool = POOL_MAIN;
3006 debug_selector = D_host_lookup|D_interface;
3007 debug_file = stdout;
3008 debug_fd = fileno(debug_file);
3010 printf("Exim stand-alone host functions test\n");
3012 host_find_interfaces();
3013 debug_selector = D_host_lookup | D_dns;
3015 if (argc > 1) primary_hostname = argv[1];
3017 /* So that debug level changes can be done first */
3019 dns_init(qualify_single, search_parents);
3021 printf("Testing host lookup\n");
3023 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3026 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3027 uschar *fully_qualified_name;
3029 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3032 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3034 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "byname") == 0) byname = TRUE;
3035 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_byname") == 0) byname = FALSE;
3036 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "a_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3037 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "mx_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3038 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv_only") == 0) whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV;
3039 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+a") == 0)
3040 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3041 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx") == 0)
3042 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX;
3043 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "srv+mx+a") == 0)
3044 whichrrs = HOST_FIND_BY_SRV | HOST_FIND_BY_MX | HOST_FIND_BY_A;
3045 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = TRUE;
3046 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_qualify_single") == 0) qualify_single = FALSE;
3047 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "search_parents") == 0) search_parents = TRUE;
3048 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "no_search_parents") == 0) search_parents = FALSE;
3049 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "test_harness") == 0)
3050 running_in_test_harness = !running_in_test_harness;
3051 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "ipv6") == 0) disable_ipv6 = !disable_ipv6;
3052 else if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "res_debug") == 0)
3054 _res.options ^= RES_DEBUG;
3056 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retrans", 7) == 0)
3058 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+8), "%d", &dns_retrans);
3059 _res.retrans = dns_retrans;
3061 else if (Ustrncmp(buffer, "retry", 5) == 0)
3063 (void)sscanf(CS(buffer+6), "%d", &dns_retry);
3064 _res.retry = dns_retry;
3068 int flags = whichrrs;
3074 h.status = hstatus_unknown;
3075 h.why = hwhy_unknown;
3078 if (qualify_single) flags |= HOST_FIND_QUALIFY_SINGLE;
3079 if (search_parents) flags |= HOST_FIND_SEARCH_PARENTS;
3082 host_find_byname(&h, NULL, flags, &fully_qualified_name, TRUE)
3084 host_find_bydns(&h, NULL, flags, US"smtp", NULL, NULL,
3085 &fully_qualified_name, NULL);
3087 if (rc == HOST_FIND_FAILED) printf("Failed\n");
3088 else if (rc == HOST_FIND_AGAIN) printf("Again\n");
3089 else if (rc == HOST_FOUND_LOCAL) printf("Local\n");
3095 printf("Testing host_aton\n");
3097 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3101 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3103 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3106 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3108 len = host_aton(buffer, x);
3109 printf("length = %d ", len);
3110 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
3112 printf("%04x ", (x[i] >> 16) & 0xffff);
3113 printf("%04x ", x[i] & 0xffff);
3120 printf("Testing host_name_lookup\n");
3122 while (Ufgets(buffer, 256, stdin) != NULL)
3124 int len = Ustrlen(buffer);
3125 while (len > 0 && isspace(buffer[len-1])) len--;
3127 if (Ustrcmp(buffer, "q") == 0) break;
3128 sender_host_address = buffer;
3129 sender_host_name = NULL;
3130 sender_host_aliases = NULL;
3131 host_lookup_msg = US"";
3132 host_lookup_failed = FALSE;
3133 if (host_name_lookup() == FAIL) /* Debug causes printing */
3134 printf("Lookup failed:%s\n", host_lookup_msg);
3142 #endif /* STAND_ALONE */