.cindex "FAQ"
As well as Exim distribution tar files, the Exim website contains a number of
differently formatted versions of the documentation. A recent addition to the
-online information is the Exim wiki (&url(https://wiki.exim.org)),
+online information is &url(https://wiki.exim.org,the Exim wiki),
which contains what used to be a separate FAQ, as well as various other
examples, tips, and know-how that have been contributed by Exim users.
The wiki site should always redirect to the correct place, which is currently
.cindex "bug reports"
.cindex "reporting bugs"
Reports of obvious bugs can be emailed to &'bugs@exim.org'& or reported
-via the Bugzilla (&url(https://bugs.exim.org)). However, if you are unsure
+via &url(https://bugs.exim.org,the Bugzilla). However, if you are unsure
whether some behaviour is a bug or not, the best thing to do is to post a
message to the &'exim-dev'& mailing list and have it discussed.
&url(https://sourceforge.net/projects/tdb/files/). It has its own interface, and also
operates on a single file.
.next
-It is possible to use sqlite3 (&url(https://www.sqlite.org/index.html))
+It is possible to use &url(https://www.sqlite.org/index.html,sqlite3)
for the DBM library.
.endlist
.section "Dynamically loaded module support" "SECTdynamicmodules"
.cindex "lookup modules"
.cindex "router modules"
+.cindex "transport modules"
+.cindex "authenticator modules"
.cindex "dynamic modules"
.cindex ".so building"
On some platforms, Exim supports not compiling all lookup types directly into
This permits packagers to build Exim with support for lookups with extensive
library dependencies without requiring all systems to install all of those
dependencies.
-Most, but not all, lookup types can be built this way.
-
.new
-Similarly, router drivers can be built as external modules.
-This permits a smaller exim binary, growing only as needed for the
-runtime cofiguration.
+Any combination of lookup types can be built this way.
+Lookup types that provide several variants will be loaded as
+Exim starts.
+Types that provide only one method are not loaded until used by
+the runtime configuration.
.wen
-Set &`LOOKUP_MODULE_DIR`& to the directory into which the modules will be
+For building
+set &`LOOKUP_MODULE_DIR`& to the directory into which the modules will be
installed; Exim will only load modules from that directory, as a security
measure. You will need to set &`CFLAGS_DYNAMIC`& if not already defined
for your OS; see &_OS/Makefile-Linux_& for an example.
LOOKUP_SQLITE=2
LOOKUP_MYSQL=2
.endd
+Set also &`LOOKUP_`&<&'lookup_type'&>&` INCLUDE`& and
+&`LOOKUP_`&<&'lookup_type'&>`_LIBS if needed for each lookup type,
+ensuring that duplicates are not present in more global values.
+
+.new
+Similarly, authenticator, router and transport drivers can be built
+as external modules.
+Modules will be searched for as demanded by the runtime configuration,
+permitting a smaller Exim binary.
+
+For building, as above but using
+&`AUTH_*`&, &`ROUTER_*`& and &`TRANSPORT_*`& instead of &`LOOKUP_*`&,
+.wen
.section "The building process" "SECID29"
Features such as authentication and encryption, where the client input is not
plain text, cannot easily be tested with &%-bh%&. Instead, you should use a
specialized SMTP test program such as
-&url(https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/,swaks).
+&url(https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/,swaks,swaks).
.cmdopt -bhc <&'IP&~address'&>
This option operates in the same way as &%-bh%&, except that address
colon in the example above are necessary. If they were not there, the list would
be interpreted as the two items 127.0.0.1:: and 1.
-.section "Changing list separators" "SECTlistsepchange"
+.subsection "Changing list separators" "SECTlistsepchange"
.cindex "list separator" "changing"
.cindex "IPv6" "addresses in lists"
Doubling colons in IPv6 addresses is an unwelcome chore, so a mechanism was
-.section "Empty items in lists" "SECTempitelis"
+.subsection "Empty items in lists" "SECTempitelis"
.cindex "list" "empty item in"
An empty item at the end of a list is always ignored. In other words, trailing
separator characters are ignored. Thus, the list in
The given file is an LMDB database.
LMDB is a memory-mapped key-value store,
with API modeled loosely on that of BerkeleyDB.
-See &url(https://symas.com/products/lightning-memory-mapped-database/)
+See &url(https://symas.com/products/lightning-memory-mapped-database/,LMDB)
for the feature set and operation modes.
Exim provides read-only access via the LMDB C library.
The new version avoids issues with tainted
arguments explicitly expanded as part of the query.
The entire string within the braces becomes tainted,
-including the server sepcification - which is not permissible.
+including the server specification - which is not permissible.
If the older sytax is used, a warning message will be logged.
This syntax will be removed in a future release.
.vitem &*${srs_encode&~{*&<&'secret'&>&*}{*&<&'return&~path'&>&*}{*&<&'original&~domain'&>&*}}*&
-SRS encoding. See SECT &<<SECTSRS>>& for details.
+SRS encoding. See section &<<SECTSRS>>& for details.
.cindex "underscore in EHLO/HELO"
This option can be set to a string of rogue characters that are permitted in
non-ip-literal EHLO and HELO names in addition to the standard letters, digits,
-hyphens, and dots. For examplem if you really must allow underscores,
+hyphens, and dots. For example if you really must allow underscores,
you can set
.code
helo_allow_chars = _
Password Authentication'& mechanism,
which is also sometimes known as NTLM (NT LanMan). The code for client side of
this authenticator was contributed by Marc Prud'hommeaux, and much of it is
-taken from the Samba project (&url(https://www.samba.org/)). The code for the
+taken from the &url(https://www.samba.org/,Samba project). The code for the
server side was subsequently contributed by Tom Kistner. The mechanism works as
follows:
.cindex "Certificate-based authentication"
The &(external)& authenticator provides support for
authentication based on non-SMTP information.
-The specification is in RFC 4422 Appendix A
-(&url(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4422)).
+The specification is in
+&url(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4422,PFC 4422) Appendix A.
It is only a transport and negotiation mechanism;
the process of authentication is entirely controlled
by the server configuration.
this authentication method on a secure (eg. under TLS) connection.
One possible use, compatible with the
-K-9 Mail Android client (&url(https://k9mail.github.io/)),
+&url(https://k9mail.github.io/,K-9 Mail Android client)
is for using X509 client certificates.
It thus overlaps in function with the TLS authenticator
the operation and configuration of DKIM, see section &<<SECDKIM>>&.
-.vitem &*control&~=&~dmarc_disable_verify*&
+.vitem &*control&~=&~dmarc_disable_verify*& &&&
+ &*control&~=&~dmarc_enable_forensic*&
.cindex "disable DMARC verify"
-.cindex "DMARC" "disable verify"
-This control turns off DMARC verification processing entirely. For details on
+.cindex DMARC "disable verify"
+.cindex DMARC controls
+.cindex DMARC "forensic mails"
+These control affect DMARC processing. For details on
the operation and configuration of DMARC, see section &<<SECDMARC>>&.
+The &"disable"& turns off DMARC verification processing entirely.
+
.vitem &*control&~=&~dscp/*&<&'value'&>
.cindex "&ACL;" "setting DSCP value"
.vitem &*void&~debug_printf(char&~*,&~...)*&
-This is Exim's debugging function, with arguments as for &'(printf()'&. The
+This is Exim's debugging function, with arguments as for &'printf()'&. The
output is written to the standard error stream. If no debugging is selected,
calls to &'debug_printf()'& have no effect. Normally, you should make calls
conditional on the &`local_scan`& debug selector by coding like this:
.next
A queue runner process retains root privilege throughout its execution. Its
job is to fork a controlled sequence of delivery processes.
+
+.next
+A delivery process retains root privilege throughout most of its execution.,
+including while the recipient addresses in a message are being routed.
+
+.ilist
+However, if a user's filter file has to be processed,
+this is done in a subprocess that runs under the individual user's uid and
+gid. A system filter is run as root unless &%system_filter_user%& is set.
+.endlist
+
+Any actual deliveries (that is, the transports themselves) are run in
+subprocesses which always change to a non-root uid and gid.
+.ilist
+For local
+deliveries this is typically the uid and gid of the owner of the mailbox.
.next
-A delivery process retains root privilege throughout most of its execution,
-but any actual deliveries (that is, the transports themselves) are run in
-subprocesses which always change to a non-root uid and gid. For local
-deliveries this is typically the uid and gid of the owner of the mailbox; for
-remote deliveries, the Exim uid and gid are used. Once all the delivery
+For remote deliveries, the Exim uid and gid are used.
+.endlist
+
+Once all the delivery
subprocesses have been run, a delivery process changes to the Exim uid and gid
while doing post-delivery tidying up such as updating the retry database and
generating bounce and warning messages.
-While the recipient addresses in a message are being routed, the delivery
-process runs as root. However, if a user's filter file has to be processed,
-this is done in a subprocess that runs under the individual user's uid and
-gid. A system filter is run as root unless &%system_filter_user%& is set.
.next
A process that is testing addresses (the &%-bt%& option) runs as root so that
the routing is done in the same environment as a message delivery.
openssl genrsa -out dkim_rsa.private 2048
openssl rsa -in dkim_rsa.private -out /dev/stdout -pubout -outform PEM
.endd
-The result file from the first command should be retained, and
-this option set to use it.
+The result file from the first command should be retained,
+permissions set so that Exim can read it,
+and this option set to use it.
Take the base-64 lines from the output of the second command, concatenated,
for the DNS TXT record.
See section 3.6 of RFC6376 for the record specification.
SPF verification support is built into Exim if SUPPORT_SPF=yes is set in
&_Local/Makefile_&. The support uses the &_libspf2_& library
&url(https://www.libspf2.org/).
+.new
+.cindex "dynamic modules"
+The support can be built as a dynamic-load module if desired;
+see the comments in that Makefile.
+.wen
+
There is no Exim involvement in the transmission of messages;
publishing certain DNS records is all that is required.
DMARC combines feedback from SPF, DKIM, and header From: in order
to attempt to provide better indicators of the authenticity of an
email. This document does not explain the fundamentals; you
-should read and understand how it works by visiting the website at
-&url(http://www.dmarc.org/).
+should read and understand how it works by visiting the
+&url(http://www.dmarc.org/,DMARC website).
If Exim is built with DMARC support,
the libopendmarc library is used.
For building Exim yourself, obtain the library from
-&url(http://sourceforge.net/projects/opendmarc/)
+&url(http://sourceforge.net/projects/opendmarc/,sourceforge)
to obtain a copy, or find it in your favorite package
repository. You will need to attend to the local/Makefile feature
SUPPORT_DMARC and the associated LDFLAGS addition.
git://git.exim.org / exim.git / blobdiff