. Update the Copyright year (only) when changing content.
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.set previousversion "4.88"
+.set previousversion "4.87"
.include ./local_params
.set ACL "access control lists (ACLs)"
.set I " "
.macro copyyear
-2016
+2017
.endmacro
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.section "Exim documentation" "SECID1"
. Keep this example change bar when updating the documentation!
+.new
.cindex "documentation"
This edition of the Exim specification applies to version &version() of Exim.
Substantive changes from the &previousversion; edition are marked in some
renditions of the document; this paragraph is so marked if the rendition is
capable of showing a change indicator.
+.wen
This document is very much a reference manual; it is not a tutorial. The reader
is expected to have some familiarity with the SMTP mail transfer protocol and
by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the
remote host supports the ESMTP &_DSN_& extension.
+.new
.vitem &%-MCG%&
.oindex "&%-MCG%&"
This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an
alternate queue is used, named by the following option.
+.wen
.vitem &%-MCP%&
.oindex "&%-MCP%&"
and &%-S%& options).
.cindex "queue runner" "description of operation"
+.new
If other commandline options do not specify an action,
+.wen
the &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of
waiting messages, and runs a delivery process for each one in turn. It waits
for each delivery process to finish before starting the next one. A delivery
be done. If a message requires any remote deliveries, it remains on the queue
for later delivery.
+.new
.vitem &%-q[q][i][f[f]][l][G<name>[/<time>]]]%&
.oindex "&%-qG%&"
.cindex queue named
For example:
.code
exim -bp -qGquarantine
-mailq -qGquarantime
+mailq -qGquarantine
exim -qGoffpeak -Rf @special.domain.example
.endd
+.wen
.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&>
When scanning the queue, Exim can be made to skip over messages whose ids are
section &<<SECTnamedlists>>&.
+.new
.section "Builtin macros" "SECTbuiltinmacros"
Exim defines some macros depending on facilities available, which may
differ due to build-time definitions and from one release to another.
.endd
Use an &"exim -bP macros"& command to get the list of macros.
+.wen
.section "Conditional skips in the configuration file" "SECID46"
If an integer value is followed by the letter K, it is multiplied by 1024; if
it is followed by the letter M, it is multiplied by 1024x1024;
+.new
if by the letter G, 1024x1024x1024.
+.wen
When the values
of integer option settings are output, values which are an exact multiple of
1024 or 1024x1024 are sometimes, but not always, printed using the letters K
uses the PCRE regular expression library; this provides regular expression
matching that is compatible with Perl 5. The syntax and semantics of
regular expressions is discussed in
+.new
online Perl manpages, in
+.wen
many Perl reference books, and also in
Jeffrey Friedl's &'Mastering Regular Expressions'&, which is published by
O'Reilly (see &url(http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex2/)).
The form if &"retry_VAL"& where VAL is an integer.
The default count is set by the main configuration option &%dns_retry%&.
-.cindex cacheing "of dns lookup"
+.cindex caching "of dns lookup"
.cindex TTL "of dns lookup"
.cindex DNS TTL
Dnsdb lookup results are cached within a single process (and its children).
.cindex "expansion" "of lists"
Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used.
+.new
&'Exception: the router headers_remove option, where list-item
splitting is done before string-expansion.'&
+.wen
The result of
expansion must be a list, possibly containing empty items, which is split up
.vitem "&*${certextract{*&<&'field'&>&*}{*&<&'certificate'&>&*}&&&
{*&<&'string2'&>&*}{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&"
-.cindex "expansion" "extracting cerificate fields"
+.cindex "expansion" "extracting certificate fields"
.cindex "&%certextract%&" "certificate fields"
.cindex "certificate" "extracting fields"
The <&'certificate'&> must be a variable of type certificate.
user@example.com
.endd
+.new
.vitem &*${base32:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%base32%& expansion item"
.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
The string must consist entirely of base-32 digits.
The number is converted to decimal and output as a string.
+.wen
.vitem &*${base62:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%base62%& expansion item"
significant bit set (so-called &"8-bit characters"&) count as printing or not
is controlled by the &%print_topbitchars%& option.
+.new
.vitem &*${escape8bit:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "escaping 8-bit characters"
.cindex "&%escape8bit%& expansion item"
If the string contains and characters with the most significant bit set,
they are converted to escape sequences starting with a backslash.
Backslashes and DEL characters are also converted.
+.wen
.vitem &*${eval:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&&~and&~&*${eval10:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-256 hashing"
.cindex "&%sha256%& expansion item"
+.new
The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash value of the string
and returns
it as a 64-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+.wen
If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
returns the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+.new
.vitem &*${sha3:*&<&'string'&>&*}*& &&&
&*${sha3_<n>:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA3 hash"
The &%sha3%& expansion item is only supported if Exim has been
compiled with GnuTLS 3.5.0 or later.
+.wen
.vitem &*${stat:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "uid (user id)" "of originating user"
.cindex "sender" "uid"
.vindex "&$caller_uid$&"
-.vindex "&$originaltor_uid$&"
+.vindex "&$originator_uid$&"
The value of &$caller_uid$& that was set when the message was received. For
messages received via the command line, this is the uid of the sending user.
For messages received by SMTP over TCP/IP, this is normally the uid of the Exim
qualified host name. See also &$smtp_active_hostname$&.
+.new
.vitem &$proxy_external_address$& &&&
&$proxy_external_port$& &&&
&$proxy_local_address$& &&&
These variables are only available when built with Proxy Protocol
or Socks5 support
For details see chapter &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
+.wen
.vitem &$prdr_requested$&
.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
The value set for the &%qualify_recipient%& option in the configuration file,
or if not set, the value of &$qualify_domain$&.
+.new
.vitem &$queue_name$&
.vindex &$queue_name$&
.cindex "named queues"
.cindex queues named
The name of the spool queue in use; empty for the default queue.
+.wen
.vitem &$rcpt_count$&
.vindex "&$rcpt_count$&"
If you have changed &%host_lookup_order%& so that &`bydns`& is not the first
mechanism in the list, then this variable will be false.
+.new
+This requires that your system resolver library support EDNS0 (and that
+DNSSEC flags exist in the system headers). If the resolver silently drops
+all EDNS0 options, then this will have no effect. OpenBSD's asr resolver
+is known to currently ignore EDNS0, documented in CAVEATS of asr_run(3).
+.wen
+
.vitem &$sender_host_name$&
.vindex "&$sender_host_name$&"
.vitem &$tls_in_ourcert$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_ourcert$&"
-.cindex certificate veriables
+.cindex certificate variables
This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
inbound connection when the message was received.
It is only useful as the argument of a
There is also a command line option &%-pd%& (for delay) which suppresses the
initial startup, even if &%perl_at_start%& is set.
+.new
.ilist
.oindex "&%perl_taintmode%&"
.cindex "Perl" "taintmode"
To provide more security executing Perl code via the embedded Perl
-interpeter, the &%perl_taintmode%& option can be set. This enables the
+interpreter, the &%perl_taintmode%& option can be set. This enables the
taint mode of the Perl interpreter. You are encouraged to set this
option to a true value. To avoid breaking existing installations, it
defaults to false.
+.wen
.section "Calling Perl subroutines" "SECID86"
.option acl_smtp_dkim main string&!! unset
.cindex DKIM "ACL for"
This option defines the ACL that is run for each DKIM signature
+(by default, or as specified in the dkim_verify_signers option)
of a received message.
See chapter &<<CHAPdkim>>& for further details.
See section &<<CALLaddparcall>>& for details of how this value is used.
+.new
.option check_log_inodes main integer 100
+.wen
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
+.new
.option check_log_space main integer 10M
+.wen
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
.oindex "&%check_rfc2047_length%&"
set false, Exim recognizes encoded words of any length.
+.new
.option check_spool_inodes main integer 100
+.wen
See &%check_spool_space%& below.
+.new
.option check_spool_space main integer 10M
+.wen
.cindex "checking disk space"
.cindex "disk space, checking"
.cindex "spool directory" "checking space"
failure a message is written to stderr and Exim exits with a non-zero code, as
it obviously cannot send an error message of any kind.
+.new
There is a slight performance penalty for these checks.
Versions of Exim preceding 4.88 had these disabled by default;
-high-rate intallations confident they will never run out of resources
+high-rate installations confident they will never run out of resources
may wish to deliberately disable them.
+.wen
+.new
.option chunking_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
.cindex CHUNKING advertisement
.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
The CHUNKING extension (RFC3030) will be advertised in the EHLO message to
these hosts.
Hosts may use the BDAT command as an alternate to DATA.
+.wen
.option daemon_smtp_ports main string &`smtp`&
.cindex "port" "for daemon"
.option dns_use_edns0 main integer -1
.cindex "DNS" "resolver options"
.cindex "DNS" "EDNS0"
+.cindex "DNS" "OpenBSD
If this option is set to a non-negative number then Exim will initialise the
DNS resolver library to either use or not use EDNS0 extensions, overriding
the system default. A value of 0 coerces EDNS0 off, a value of 1 coerces EDNS0
If the resolver library does not support EDNS0 then this option has no effect.
+.new
+OpenBSD's asr resolver routines are known to ignore the EDNS0 option; this
+means that DNSSEC will not work with Exim on that platform either, unless Exim
+is linked against an alternative DNS client library.
+.wen
+
.option drop_cr main boolean false
This is an obsolete option that is now a no-op. It used to affect the way Exim
run. If you do not want queue runs to occur, omit the &%-q%&&'xx'& setting on
the daemon's command line.
+.new
.cindex queues named
.cindex "named queues"
To set limits for different named queues use
an expansion depending on the &$queue_name$& variable.
+.wen
.option queue_smtp_domains main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "queueing incoming messages"
.option smtputf8_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
.cindex "SMTPUTF8" "advertising"
When Exim is built with support for internationalised mail names,
-the availability therof is advertised in
+the availability thereof is advertised in
response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
chapter &<<CHAPi18n>>& for details of Exim's support for internationalisation.
appropriate &%system_filter_..._transport%& option(s) must be set, to define
which transports are to be used. Details of this facility are given in chapter
&<<CHAPsystemfilter>>&.
+.new
+A forced expansion failure results in no filter operation.
+.wen
.option system_filter_directory_transport main string&!! unset
Server Name Indication extension, then this option and others documented in
&<<SECTtlssni>>& will be re-expanded.
+.new
If this option is unset or empty a fresh self-signed certificate will be
generated for every connection.
+.wen
.option tls_crl main string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate revocation list"
The value of this option is expanded and indicates the source of DH parameters
to be used by Exim.
+.new
&*Note: The Exim Maintainers strongly recommend using a filename with site-generated
local DH parameters*&, which has been supported across all versions of Exim. The
other specific constants available are a fallback so that even when
"unconfigured", Exim can offer Perfect Forward Secrecy in older ciphersuites in TLS.
+.wen
If &%tls_dhparam%& is a filename starting with a &`/`&,
then it names a file from which DH
does not exist, Exim will attempt to create it.
See section &<<SECTgnutlsparam>>& for further details.
+.new
If Exim is using OpenSSL and this option is empty or unset, then Exim will load
a default DH prime; the default is Exim-specific but lacks verifiable provenance.
At this point, all of the "ike" values should be considered obsolete;
they're still in Exim to avoid breaking unusual configurations, but are
candidates for removal the next time we have backwards-incompatible changes.
+.wen
The TLS protocol does not negotiate an acceptable size for this; clients tend
to hard-drop connections if what is offered by the server is unacceptable,
.cindex "hints database" "transport concurrency control"
Exim implements this control by means of a hints database in which a record is
-incremented whenever a transport process is beaing created. The record
+incremented whenever a transport process is being created. The record
is decremented and possibly removed when the process terminates.
Obviously there is scope for
records to get left lying around if there is a system or program crash. To
unauthenticated. See also &%hosts_require_auth%&, and chapter
&<<CHAPSMTPAUTH>>& for details of authentication.
+.new
.option hosts_try_chunking smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex CHUNKING "enabling, in client"
.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
This option provides a list of servers to which, provided they announce
CHUNKING support, Exim will attempt to use BDAT commands rather than DATA.
-BDAT will not be used in conjuction with a transport filter.
+BDAT will not be used in conjunction with a transport filter.
+.wen
+.new
.option hosts_try_fastopen smtp "host list!!" unset
.cindex "fast open, TCP" "enabling, in client"
.cindex "TCP Fast Open" "enabling, in client"
On (at least some) current Linux distributions the facility must be enabled
in the kernel by the sysadmin before the support is usable.
+.wen
.option hosts_try_prdr smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex "PRDR" "enabling, optional in client"
deliver the message unauthenticated.
.endlist
+.new
+Note that the hostlist test for whether to do authentication can be
+confused if name-IP lookups change between the time the peer is decided
+on and the transport running. For example, with a manualroute
+router given a host name, and DNS "round-robin" use by that name: if
+the local resolver cache times out between the router and the transport
+running, the transport may get an IP for the name for its authentication
+check which does not match the connection peer IP.
+No authentication will then be done, despite the names being identical.
+
+For such cases use a separate transport which always authenticates.
+.wen
+
.cindex "AUTH" "on MAIL command"
When Exim has authenticated itself to a remote server, it adds the AUTH
parameter to the MAIL commands it sends, if it has an authenticated sender for
To enable TLS operations on a server, the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option
must be set to match some hosts. The default is * which matches all hosts.
+.new
If this is all you do, TLS encryption will be enabled but not authentication -
meaning that the peer has no assurance it is actually you he is talking to.
You gain protection from a passive sniffer listening on the wire but not
from someone able to intercept the communication.
+.wen
Further protection requires some further configuration at the server end.
attacks in the string (&`../`& or SQL), and ensuring that a valid filename
can always be referenced; it is important to remember that &$tls_in_sni$& is
arbitrary unverified data provided prior to authentication.
-Further, the initial cerificate is loaded before SNI is arrived, so
+.new
+Further, the initial certificate is loaded before SNI is arrived, so
an expansion for &%tls_certificate%& must have a default which is used
when &$tls_in_sni$& is empty.
+.wen
The Exim developers are proceeding cautiously and so far no other TLS options
are re-expanded.
the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_data%&, which is the second ACL that is
associated with the DATA command.
+.new
.cindex CHUNKING "BDAT command"
.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
.cindex "RFC 3030" CHUNKING
. XXX why not? It should be possible, for the first BDAT.
The &%acl_smtp_data%& is run after the last BDAT command and all of
the data specified is received.
+.wen
For both of these ACLs, it is not possible to reject individual recipients. An
error response rejects the entire message. Unfortunately, it is known that some
remaining recipients. The &"discard"& return is not permitted for the
&%acl_smtp_predata%& ACL.
+.new
+If the ACL for VRFY returns &"accept"&, a recipient verify (without callout)
+is done on the address and the result determines the SMTP response.
+.wen
+
.cindex "&[local_scan()]& function" "when all recipients discarded"
The &[local_scan()]& function is always run, even if there are no remaining
effect.
+.new
.vitem &*queue*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
This modifier specifies the use of a named queue for spool files
for the message.
of traffic, or for quarantine of messages.
Separate queue-runner processes will be needed for named queues.
If the text after expansion is empty, the default queue is used.
+.wen
.vitem &*remove_header*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
Cutthrough delivery is not supported via transport-filters or when DKIM signing
of outgoing messages is done, because it sends data to the ultimate destination
before the entire message has been received from the source.
-It is not supported for messages received with the SMTP PRDR option in use.
+It is not supported for messages received with the SMTP PRDR
+.new
+or CHUNKING
+.wen
+options in use.
Should the ultimate destination system positively accept or reject the mail,
a corresponding indication is given to the source system and nothing is queued.
the delivery log lines are tagged with ">>" rather than "=>" and appear
before the acceptance "<=" line.
+.new
If there is a temporary error the item is queued for later delivery in the
usual fashion.
This behaviour can be adjusted by appending the option &*defer=*&<&'value'&>
to the control; the default value is &"spool"& and the alternate value
&"pass"& copies an SMTP defer response from the target back to the initiator
and does not queue the message.
-Note that this is independent of any receipient verify conditions in the ACL.
+Note that this is independent of any recipient verify conditions in the ACL.
+.wen
Delivery in this mode avoids the generation of a bounce mail to a
(possibly faked)
may access any variables already defined. The logging may be adjusted with
the &'opts'& option, which takes the same values as the &`-d`& command-line
option.
+.new
Logging may be stopped, and the file removed, with the &'kill'& option.
+.wen
Some examples (which depend on variables that don't exist in all
contexts):
.code
.cindex "&%verify%& ACL condition"
This is a variation of the previous option, in which a modified address is
verified as a sender.
+
+.new
+Note that '/' is legal in local-parts; if the address may have such
+(eg. is generated from the received message)
+they must be protected from the options parsing by doubling:
+.code
+verify = sender=${sg{${address:$h_sender:}}{/}{//}}
+.endd
+.wen
.endlist
warn message = X-Warn: sending host is on dialups list
dnslists = dialups.mail-abuse.org
.endd
-.cindex cacheing "of dns lookup"
+.cindex caching "of dns lookup"
.cindex DNS TTL
DNS list lookups are cached by Exim for the duration of the SMTP session
(but limited by the DNS return TTL value),
and the outer dnsdb lookup finds the IP addresses for these hosts. The result
of expanding the condition might be something like this:
.code
-dnslists = sbl.spahmaus.org/<|192.168.2.3|192.168.5.6|...
+dnslists = sbl.spamhaus.org/<|192.168.2.3|192.168.5.6|...
.endd
Thus, this example checks whether or not the IP addresses of the sender
domain's mail servers are on the Spamhaus black list.
A multiline text table, containing the full SpamAssassin report for the
message. Useful for inclusion in headers or reject messages.
This variable is only usable in a DATA-time ACL.
+.new
Beware that SpamAssassin may return non-ASCII characters, especially
when running in country-specific locales, which are not legal
unencoded in headers.
+.wen
.vitem &$spam_action$&
For SpamAssassin either 'reject' or 'no action' depending on the
.next
.cindex "log" "outgoing remote port"
.cindex "port" "logging outgoint remote"
-.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging ougtoing remote port"
+.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging outgoing remote port"
&%outgoing_port%&: The remote port number is added to delivery log lines (those
containing => tags) following the IP address.
The local port is also added if &%incoming_interface%& and
.next
.vindex "&$body_linecount$&"
If you change the number of lines in the file, the value of
-&$body_linecount$&, which is stored in the -H file, will be incorrect. At
-present, this value is not used by Exim, but there is no guarantee that this
-will always be the case.
+&$body_linecount$&, which is stored in the -H file, will be incorrect and can
+cause incomplete transmission of messages or undeliverable messages.
.next
If the message is in MIME format, you must take care not to break it.
.next
.vitem &%$dkim_copiedheaders%&
A transcript of headers and their values which are included in the signature
(copied from the 'z=' tag of the signature).
+.new
Note that RFC6376 requires that verification fail if the From: header is
not included in the signature. Exim does not enforce this; sites wishing
strict enforcement should code the check explicitly.
+.wen
.vitem &%$dkim_bodylength%&
The number of signed body bytes. If zero ("0"), the body is unsigned. If no
dkim_status = none
.endd
+.new
Note that the above does not check for a total lack of DKIM signing;
for that check for empty &$h_DKIM-Signature:$& in the data ACL.
+.wen
.vitem &%dkim_status%&
ACL condition that checks a colon-separated list of possible DKIM verification
main configuration option to a hostlist; connections from these
hosts will use Proxy Protocol.
+.new
The following expansion variables are usable
(&"internal"& and &"external"& here refer to the interfaces
of the proxy):
.endd
If &$proxy_session$& is set but &$proxy_external_address$& is empty
there was a protocol error.
+.wen
Since the real connections are all coming from the proxy, and the
per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is
An additional variable, &$event_data$&, is filled with information varying
with the event type:
.display
-&`msg:delivery `& smtp confirmation mssage
+&`msg:delivery `& smtp confirmation message
&`msg:rcpt:host:defer `& error string
&`msg:rcpt:defer `& error string
&`msg:host:defer `& error string
git://git.exim.org / exim.git / blobdiff