. Update the Copyright year (only) when changing content.
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-.set previousversion "4.86"
+.set previousversion "4.87"
.include ./local_params
.set ACL "access control lists (ACLs)"
.set I " "
.macro copyyear
-2015
+2016
.endmacro
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.cindex "&'From:'& header line"
.cindex "&'Sender:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "From:"
+.cindex "header lines" "Sender:"
For a trusted user, there is never any check on the contents of the &'From:'&
header line, and a &'Sender:'& line is never added. Furthermore, any existing
&'Sender:'& line in incoming local (non-TCP/IP) messages is not removed.
continuation lines is ignored. Each argument or data line is passed through the
string expansion mechanism, and the result is output. Variable values from the
configuration file (for example, &$qualify_domain$&) are available, but no
-message-specific values (such as &$sender_domain$&) are set, because no message
+message-specific values (such as &$message_exim_id$&) are set, because no message
is being processed (but see &%-bem%& and &%-Mset%&).
&*Note*&: If you use this mechanism to test lookups, and you change the data
.oindex "&%-bmalware%&"
.cindex "testing", "malware"
.cindex "malware scan test"
-This debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file,
+This debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file or directory
+(depending on the used scanner interface),
using the malware scanning framework. The option of &%av_scanner%& influences
this option, so if &%av_scanner%&'s value is dependent upon an expansion then
the expansion should have defaults which apply to this invocation. ACLs are
settings can be obtained by using &%routers%&, &%transports%&, or
&%authenticators%&.
+.cindex "environment"
+If &%environment%& is given as an argument, the set of environment
+variables is output, line by line. Using the &%-n%& flag suppresses the value of the
+variables.
+
.cindex "options" "macro &-- extracting"
If invoked by an admin user, then &%macro%&, &%macro_list%& and &%macros%&
are available, similarly to the drivers. Because macros are sometimes used
exim '-D ABC = something' ...
.endd
&%-D%& may be repeated up to 10 times on a command line.
-.new
Only macro names up to 22 letters long can be set.
-.wen
.vitem &%-d%&<&'debug&~options'&>
by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the
remote host supports the ESMTP &_DSN_& extension.
+.new
+.vitem &%-MCG%&
+.oindex "&%-MCG%&"
+This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
+by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an
+alternate queue is used, named by the following option.
+.wen
+
.vitem &%-MCP%&
.oindex "&%-MCP%&"
This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally
.oindex "&%-n%&"
This option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean &"no aliasing"&.
For normal modes of operation, it is ignored by Exim.
-When combined with &%-bP%& it suppresses the name of an option from being output.
+When combined with &%-bP%& it makes the output more terse (suppresses
+option names, environment values and config pretty printing).
.vitem &%-O%&&~<&'data'&>
.oindex "&%-O%&"
and &%-S%& options).
.cindex "queue runner" "description of operation"
-The &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of
+.new
+If other commandline options do not specify an action,
+.wen
+the &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of
waiting messages, and runs a delivery process for each one in turn. It waits
for each delivery process to finish before starting the next one. A delivery
process may not actually do any deliveries if the retry times for the addresses
be done. If a message requires any remote deliveries, it remains on the queue
for later delivery.
-.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&>
+.new
+.vitem &%-q[q][i][f[f]][l][G<name>[/<time>]]]%&
+.oindex "&%-qG%&"
+.cindex queue named
+.cindex "named queues"
.cindex "queue" "delivering specific messages"
+If the &'G'& flag and a name is present, the queue runner operates on the
+queue with the given name rather than the default queue.
+The name should not contain a &'/'& character.
+For a periodic queue run (see below)
+append to the name a slash and a time value.
+
+If other commandline options speicify an action, a &'-qG<name>'& option
+will specify a queue to operate on.
+For example:
+.code
+exim -bp -qGquarantine
+mailq -qGquarantime
+exim -qGoffpeak -Rf @special.domain.example
+.endd
+.wen
+
+.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&>
When scanning the queue, Exim can be made to skip over messages whose ids are
lexically less than a given value by following the &%-q%& option with a
starting message id. For example:
This is an almost obsolete form of explicit email routing. If you do not know
anything about it, you can safely ignore this topic.
-The last two settings in the main part of the default configuration are
+The next two settings in the main part of the default configuration are
concerned with messages that have been &"frozen"& on Exim's queue. When a
message is frozen, Exim no longer continues to try to deliver it. Freezing
occurs when a bounce message encounters a permanent failure because the sender
after a week. In this configuration, the first setting ensures that no failing
bounce message ever lasts a week.
+Exim queues it's messages in a spool directory. If you expect to have
+large queues, you may consider using this option. It splits the spool
+directory into subdirectories to avoid file system degradation from
+many files in a single directory, resulting in better performance.
+Manual manipulation of queued messages becomes more complex (though fortunately
+not often needed).
+.code
+# split_spool_directory = true
+.endd
+
+In an ideal world everybody follows the standards. For non-ASCII
+messages RFC 2047 is a standard, allowing a maximum line length of 76
+characters. Exim adheres that standard and won't process messages which
+violate this standard. (Even ${rfc2047:...} expansions will fail.)
+In particular, the Exim maintainers have had multiple reports of
+problems from Russian administrators of issues until they disable this
+check, because of some popular, yet buggy, mail composition software.
+.code
+# check_rfc2047_length = false
+.endd
+
+If you need to be strictly RFC compliant you may wish to disable the
+8BITMIME advertisement. Use this, if you exchange mails with systems
+that are not 8-bit clean.
+.code
+# accept_8bitmime = false
+.endd
+
+Libraries you use may depend on specific environment settings. This
+imposes a security risk (e.g. PATH). There are two lists:
+&%keep_environment%& for the variables to import as they are, and
+&%add_environment%& for variables we want to set to a fixed value.
+Note that TZ is handled separately, by the $%timezone%$ runtime
+option and by the TIMEZONE_DEFAULT buildtime option.
+.code
+# keep_environment = ^LDAP
+# add_environment = PATH=/usr/bin::/bin
+.endd
.section "ACL configuration" "SECID54"
This causes any temporarily failing address to be retried every 15 minutes for
2 hours, then at intervals starting at one hour and increasing by a factor of
1.5 until 16 hours have passed, then every 6 hours up to 4 days. If an address
-is not delivered after 4 days of temporary failure, it is bounced.
+is not delivered after 4 days of temporary failure, it is bounced. The time is
+measured from first failure, not from the time the message was received.
If the retry section is removed from the configuration, or is empty (that is,
if no retry rules are defined), Exim will not retry deliveries. This turns
.endlist ilist
-.section "Query-style lookup types" "SECID62"
+.section "Query-style lookup types" "SECTquerystylelookups"
.cindex "lookup" "query-style types"
.cindex "query-style lookup" "list of types"
The supported query-style lookup types are listed below. Further details about
&(pgsql)&: The format of the query is an SQL statement that is passed to a
PostgreSQL database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+.next
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+&(redis)&: The format of the query is an SQL statement that is passed to a
+Redis database. See section &<<SECTsql>>&.
+
.next
.cindex "sqlite lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "sqlite"
The form if &"retry_VAL"& where VAL is an integer.
The default count is set by the main configuration option &%dns_retry%&.
-.new
.cindex cacheing "of dns lookup"
.cindex TTL "of dns lookup"
.cindex DNS TTL
Dnsdb lookup results are cached within a single process (and its children).
The cache entry lifetime is limited to the smallest time-to-live (TTL)
value of the set of returned DNS records.
-.wen
.section "Pseudo dnsdb record types" "SECID66"
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SQLite
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+Exim can support lookups in InterBase, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Redis,
+and SQLite
databases. Queries for these databases contain SQL statements, so an example
might be
.code
with a newline between the data for each row.
-.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and InterBase" "SECID72"
+.section "More about MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase, and Redis" "SECID72"
.cindex "MySQL" "lookup type"
.cindex "PostgreSQL lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "MySQL"
.cindex "lookup" "Oracle"
.cindex "InterBase lookup type"
.cindex "lookup" "InterBase"
-If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, or InterBase lookups are used, the
-&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, or &%ibase_servers%&
+.cindex "Redis lookup type"
+.cindex lookup Redis
+If any MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, InterBase or Redis lookups are used, the
+&%mysql_servers%&, &%pgsql_servers%&, &%oracle_servers%&, &%ibase_servers%&,
+or &%redis_servers%&
option (as appropriate) must be set to a colon-separated list of server
information.
-(For MySQL and PostgreSQL only, the global option need not be set if all
+(For MySQL and PostgreSQL, the global option need not be set if all
queries contain their own server information &-- see section
-&<<SECTspeserque>>&.) Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
+&<<SECTspeserque>>&.)
+For all but Redis
+each item in the list is a slash-separated list of four
items: host name, database name, user name, and password. In the case of
Oracle, the host name field is used for the &"service name"&, and the database
name field is not used and should be empty. For example:
found, but that is still a successful query. In other words, the list of
servers provides a backup facility, not a list of different places to look.
-.new
+For Redis the global option need not be specified if all queries contain their
+own server information &-- see section &<<SECTspeserque>>&.
+If specified, the option must be set to a colon-separated list of server
+information.
+Each item in the list is a slash-separated list of three items:
+host, database number, and password.
+.olist
+The host is required and may be either an IPv4 address and optional
+port number (separated by a colon, which needs doubling due to the
+higher-level list), or a Unix socket pathname enclosed in parentheses
+.next
+The database number is optional; if present that number is selected in the backend
+.next
+The password is optional; if present it is used to authenticate to the backend
+.endlist
+
The &%quote_mysql%&, &%quote_pgsql%&, and &%quote_oracle%& expansion operators
convert newline, tab, carriage return, and backspace to \n, \t, \r, and \b
respectively, and the characters single-quote, double-quote, and backslash
itself are escaped with backslashes.
-.wen
+
+The &%quote_redis%& expansion operator
+escapes whitespace and backslash characters with a backslash.
.section "Specifying the server in the query" "SECTspeserque"
-For MySQL and PostgreSQL lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
+For MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis lookups (but not currently for Oracle and InterBase),
it is possible to specify a list of servers with an individual query. This is
done by starting the query with
.display
For MySQL, an empty host name or the use of &"localhost"& in &%mysql_servers%&
causes a connection to the server on the local host by means of a Unix domain
socket. An alternate socket can be specified in parentheses.
-.new
An option group name for MySQL option files can be specified in square brackets;
the default value is &"exim"&.
-.wen
The full syntax of each item in &%mysql_servers%& is:
.display
<&'hostname'&>::<&'port'&>(<&'socket name'&>)[<&'option group'&>]/&&&
-.section "Expansion of lists" "SECID75"
+.section "Expansion of lists" "SECTlistexpand"
.cindex "expansion" "of lists"
-Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used. The result of
+Each list is expanded as a single string before it is used.
+
+.new
+&'Exception: the router headers_remove option, where list-item
+splitting is done before string-expansion.'&
+.wen
+
+The result of
expansion must be a list, possibly containing empty items, which is split up
into separate items for matching. By default, colon is the separator character,
but this can be varied if necessary. See sections &<<SECTlistconstruct>>& and
.vitem "&*${env{*&<&'key'&>&*}{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}}*&"
.cindex "expansion" "extracting value from environment"
-.cindex "environment" "value from"
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
The key is first expanded separately, and leading and trailing white space
removed.
This is then searched for as a name in the environment.
If {<&'string1'&>} is omitted the search result is substituted on
search success.
+The environment is adjusted by the &%keep_environment%& and
+&%add_environment%& main section options.
+
.vitem "&*${extract{*&<&'key'&>&*}{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}&&&
{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&"
.cindex "&%extract%&" "substrings by key"
The key and <&'string1'&> are first expanded separately. Leading and trailing
white space is removed from the key (but not from any of the strings). The key
-must not consist entirely of digits. The expanded <&'string1'&> must be of the
-form:
+must not be empty and must not consist entirely of digits.
+The expanded <&'string1'&> must be of the form:
.display
<&'key1'&> = <&'value1'&> <&'key2'&> = <&'value2'&> ...
.endd
-.new
.vitem &*${imapfolder{*&<&'foldername'&>&*}}*&
.cindex expansion "imap folder"
.cindex "&%imapfolder%& expansion item"
This item converts a (possibly multilevel, or with non-ASCII characters)
folder specification to a Maildir name for filesystem use.
For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMDA>>&.
-.wen
Only a single host name may be given, but if looking it up yields more than
one IP address, they are each tried in turn until a connection is made. For
both kinds of socket, Exim makes a connection, writes the request string
-(unless it is an empty string) and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
+unless it is an empty string; and no terminating NUL is ever sent)
+and reads from the socket until an end-of-file
is read. A timeout of 5 seconds is applied. Additional, optional arguments
extend what can be done. Firstly, you can vary the timeout. For example:
.code
user@example.com
.endd
+.new
+.vitem &*${base32:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%base32%& expansion item"
+.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
+The string must consist entirely of decimal digits. The number is converted to
+base 32 and output as a (empty, for zero) string of characters.
+Only lowercase letters are used.
+
+.vitem &*${base32d:*&<&'base-32&~digits'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "&%base32d%& expansion item"
+.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 32"
+The string must consist entirely of base-32 digits.
+The number is converted to decimal and output as a string.
+.wen
+
.vitem &*${base62:*&<&'digits'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%base62%& expansion item"
.cindex "expansion" "conversion to base 62"
identifiers, base-36 digits. The number is converted to decimal and output as a
string.
+.vitem &*${base64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
+.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64%& expansion item"
+.cindex certificate "base64 of DER"
+This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the base64 encoding of the DER form of the certificate.
+
+
+.vitem &*${base64d:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "base64 decoding"
+.cindex "base64 decoding" "in string expansion"
+.cindex "&%base64d%& expansion item"
+This operator converts a base64-encoded string into the un-coded form.
+
.vitem &*${domain:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "domain" "extraction"
significant bit set (so-called &"8-bit characters"&) count as printing or not
is controlled by the &%print_topbitchars%& option.
+.new
+.vitem &*${escape8bit:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "expansion" "escaping 8-bit characters"
+.cindex "&%escape8bit%& expansion item"
+If the string contains and characters with the most significant bit set,
+they are converted to escape sequences starting with a backslash.
+Backslashes and DEL characters are also converted.
+.wen
+
.vitem &*${eval:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&&~and&~&*${eval10:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "expression evaluation"
byte value 127 is converted to &`\x7f`&.
-.new
.vitem &*${ipv6denorm:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "&%ipv6denorm%& expansion item"
.cindex "IP address" normalisation
set of zero-valued groups is replaced with a double colon.
A trailing ipv4-style dotted-decimal set is converted to hex.
Pure IPv4 addresses are converted to IPv4-mapped IPv6.
-.wen
.vitem &*${lc:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.vitem &*${md5:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "MD5 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "MD5 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "&%md5%& expansion item"
The &%md5%& operator computes the MD5 hash value of the string, and returns it
as a 32-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in lower case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the MD5 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
.vitem &*${nhash_*&<&'n'&>&*_*&<&'m'&>&*:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "expansion" "numeric hash"
.vitem &*${sha1:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-1 hash"
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-1 hashing"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
-.cindex "&%sha2%& expansion item"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
+.cindex "&%sha1%& expansion item"
The &%sha1%& operator computes the SHA-1 hash value of the string, and returns
it as a 40-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the SHA-1 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
-.vitem &*${sha256:*&<&'certificate'&>&*}*&
+.vitem &*${sha256:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
.cindex "SHA-256 hash"
-.cindex "certificate fingerprint"
+.cindex certificate fingerprint
.cindex "expansion" "SHA-256 hashing"
.cindex "&%sha256%& expansion item"
-The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the
-certificate,
+.new
+The &%sha256%& operator computes the SHA-256 hash value of the string
+and returns
+it as a 64-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
+.wen
+
+If the string is a single variable of type certificate,
+returns the SHA-256 hash fingerprint of the certificate.
+
+
+.new
+.vitem &*${sha3:*&<&'string'&>&*}*& &&&
+ &*${sha3_<n>:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
+.cindex "SHA3 hash"
+.cindex "expansion" "SHA3 hashing"
+.cindex "&%sha3%& expansion item"
+The &%sha3%& operator computes the SHA3-256 hash value of the string
and returns
it as a 64-digit hexadecimal number, in which any letters are in upper case.
-Only arguments which are a single variable of certificate type are supported.
+
+If a number is appended, separated by an underbar, it specifies
+the output length. Values of 224, 256, 384 and 512 are accepted;
+with 256 being the default.
+
+The &%sha3%& expansion item is only supported if Exim has been
+compiled with GnuTLS 3.5.0 or later.
+.wen
.vitem &*${stat:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
systems for files larger than 2GB.
.vitem &*${str2b64:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&
-.cindex "expansion" "base64 encoding"
-.cindex "base64 encoding" "in string expansion"
.cindex "&%str2b64%& expansion item"
-This operator converts a string into one that is base64 encoded.
+Now deprecated, a synonym for the &%base64%& expansion operator.
.cindex "&%utf8clean%& expansion item"
This replaces any invalid utf-8 sequence in the string by the character &`?`&.
-.new
.vitem "&*${utf8_domain_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
"&*${utf8_domain_from_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
"&*${utf8_localpart_to_alabel:*&<&'string'&>&*}*&" &&&
.cindex "&%utf8_localpart_from_alabel%& expansion item"
These convert EAI mail name components between UTF-8 and a-label forms.
For information on internationalisation support see &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
-.wen
.endlist
.vitem "&$auth1$& &-- &$auth3$&"
.vindex "&$auth1$&, &$auth2$&, etc"
These variables are used in SMTP authenticators (see chapters
-&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPspa>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
+&<<CHAPplaintext>>&&--&<<CHAPtlsauth>>&). Elsewhere, they are empty.
.vitem &$authenticated_id$&
.cindex "authentication" "id"
.vindex "&$config_file$&"
The name of the main configuration file Exim is using.
-.vitem &$demime_errorlevel$&
-.vindex "&$demime_errorlevel$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with
-the content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For
-details, see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
-.vitem &$demime_reason$&
-.vindex "&$demime_reason$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For details,
-see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
.vitem &$dkim_cur_signer$& &&&
&$dkim_verify_status$& &&&
&$dkim_verify_reason$& &&&
Then after a dot, the next group of digits is a minor version number.
There may be other characters following the minor version.
-.vitem &$found_extension$&
-.vindex "&$found_extension$&"
-This variable is available when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension and the obsolete &%demime%& condition. For details,
-see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
.vitem &$header_$&<&'name'&>
This is not strictly an expansion variable. It is expansion syntax for
inserting the message header line with the given name. Note that the name must
by a setting on the transport itself.
When running a filter test via the &%-bf%& option, &$home$& is set to the value
-of the environment variable HOME.
+of the environment variable HOME, which is subject to the
+&%keep_environment%& and &%add_environment%& main config options.
.vitem &$host$&
.vindex "&$host$&"
This variable is set to the remote host's TCP port whenever &$host$& is set
for an outbound connection.
+.vitem &$initial_cwd$&
+.vindex "&$initial_cwd$&
+This variable contains the full path name of the initial working
+directory of the current Exim process. This may differ from the current
+working directory, as Exim changes this to "/" during early startup, and
+to &$spool_directory$& later.
.vitem &$inode$&
.vindex "&$inode$&"
.new
-.vitem &$proxy_host_address$& &&&
- &$proxy_host_port$& &&&
- &$proxy_target_address$& &&&
- &$proxy_target_port$& &&&
+.vitem &$proxy_external_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_external_port$& &&&
+ &$proxy_local_address$& &&&
+ &$proxy_local_port$& &&&
&$proxy_session$&
These variables are only available when built with Proxy Protocol
or Socks5 support
For details see chapter &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
.wen
-.new
.vitem &$prdr_requested$&
.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
This variable is set to &"yes"& if PRDR was requested by the client for the
current message, otherwise &"no"&.
-.wen
.vitem &$prvscheck_address$&
This variable is used in conjunction with the &%prvscheck%& expansion item,
The value set for the &%qualify_recipient%& option in the configuration file,
or if not set, the value of &$qualify_domain$&.
+.new
+.vitem &$queue_name$&
+.vindex &$queue_name$&
+.cindex "named queues"
+.cindex queues named
+The name of the spool queue in use; empty for the default queue.
+.wen
+
.vitem &$rcpt_count$&
.vindex "&$rcpt_count$&"
When a message is being received by SMTP, this variable contains the number of
.vitem &$tls_in_ourcert$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_ourcert$&"
+.cindex certificate veriables
This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
inbound connection when the message was received.
It is only useful as the argument of a
connection, this variable is set to the cipher suite that was negotiated, for
example DES-CBC3-SHA. In other circumstances, in particular, for message
received over unencrypted connections, the variable is empty. Testing
-&$tls_cipher$& for emptiness is one way of distinguishing between encrypted and
+&$tls_in_cipher$& for emptiness is one way of distinguishing between encrypted and
non-encrypted connections during ACL processing.
The deprecated &$tls_cipher$& variable is the same as &$tls_in_cipher$& during message reception,
.vitem &$tls_in_peerdn$&
.vindex "&$tls_in_peerdn$&"
.vindex "&$tls_peerdn$&"
+.cindex certificate "extracting fields"
When a message is received from a remote host over an encrypted SMTP
connection, and Exim is configured to request a certificate from the client,
the value of the Distinguished Name of the certificate is made available in the
There is also a command line option &%-pd%& (for delay) which suppresses the
initial startup, even if &%perl_at_start%& is set.
+.new
+.ilist
+.oindex "&%perl_taintmode%&"
+.cindex "Perl" "taintmode"
+To provide more security executing Perl code via the embedded Perl
+interpeter, the &%perl_taintmode%& option can be set. This enables the
+taint mode of the Perl interpreter. You are encouraged to set this
+option to a true value. To avoid breaking existing installations, it
+defaults to false.
+.wen
+
.section "Calling Perl subroutines" "SECID86"
When the configuration file includes a &%perl_startup%& option you can make use
.table2
.row &%perl_at_start%& "always start the interpreter"
.row &%perl_startup%& "code to obey when starting Perl"
+.row &%perl_taintmode%& "enable taint mode in Perl"
.endtable
.table2
.row &%accept_8bitmime%& "advertise 8BITMIME"
.row &%auth_advertise_hosts%& "advertise AUTH to these hosts"
+.row &%chunking_advertise_hosts%& "advertise CHUNKING to these hosts"
.row &%dsn_advertise_hosts%& "advertise DSN extensions to these hosts"
.row &%ignore_fromline_hosts%& "allow &""From ""& from these hosts"
.row &%ignore_fromline_local%& "allow &""From ""& from local SMTP"
.row &%bounce_message_file%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_message_text%& "content of bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_body%& "include body if returning message"
+.row &%bounce_return_linesize_limit%& "limit on returned message line length"
.row &%bounce_return_message%& "include original message in bounce"
.row &%bounce_return_size_limit%& "limit on returned message"
.row &%bounce_sender_authentication%& "send authenticated sender with bounce"
This option defines the ACL that is run when an SMTP VRFY command is
received. See chapter &<<CHAPACL>>& for further details.
+.option add_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment" "set values"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use.
+See &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for the environment of &(pipe)& transports.
+
.option admin_groups main "string list&!!" unset
.cindex "admin user"
This option is expanded just once, at the start of Exim's processing. If the
point at which the error was detected are returned.
.cindex "bounce message" "including original"
+.option bounce_return_linesize_limit main integer 998
+.cindex "size" "of bounce lines, limit"
+.cindex "bounce message" "line length limit"
+.cindex "limit" "bounce message line length"
+This option sets a limit in bytes on the line length of messages
+that are returned to senders due to delivery problems,
+when &%bounce_return_message%& is true.
+The default value corresponds to RFC limits.
+If the message being returned has lines longer than this value it is
+treated as if the &%bounce_return_size_limit%& (below) restriction was exceeded.
+
+The option also applies to bounces returned when an error is detected
+during reception of a message.
+In this case lines from the original are truncated.
+
+The option does not apply to messages generated by an &(autoreply)& transport.
+
+
.option bounce_return_message main boolean true
If this option is set false, none of the original message is included in
bounce messages generated by Exim. See also &%bounce_return_size_limit%& and
failure a message is written to stderr and Exim exits with a non-zero code, as
it obviously cannot send an error message of any kind.
+.new
+.option chunking_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
+.cindex CHUNKING advertisement
+.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
+The CHUNKING extension (RFC3030) will be advertised in the EHLO message to
+these hosts.
+Hosts may use the BDAT command as an alternate to DATA.
+.wen
+
.option daemon_smtp_ports main string &`smtp`&
.cindex "port" "for daemon"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "setting listening ports"
not used.
-.new
.option event_action main string&!! unset
.cindex events
This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
For details see &<<CHAPevents>>&.
-.wen
.option exim_group main string "compile-time configured"
-.new
.option hosts_proxy main "host list&!!" unset
.cindex proxy "proxy protocol"
This option enables use of Proxy Protocol proxies for incoming
connections. For details see &<<SECTproxyInbound>>&.
-.wen
.option hosts_treat_as_local main "domain list&!!" unset
.option ignore_fromline_local main boolean false
See &%ignore_fromline_hosts%& above.
+.option keep_environment main "string list" unset
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
+This option contains a string list of environment variables to keep.
+You have to trust these variables or you have to be sure that
+these variables do not impose any security risk. Keep in mind that
+during the startup phase Exim is running with an effective UID 0 in most
+installations. As the default value is an empty list, the default
+environment for using libraries, running embedded Perl code, or running
+external binaries is empty, and does not not even contain PATH or HOME.
+
+Actually the list is interpreted as a list of patterns
+(&<<SECTlistexpand>>&), except that it is not expanded first.
+
+WARNING: Macro substitution is still done first, so having a macro
+FOO and having FOO_HOME in your &%keep_environment%& option may have
+unexpected results. You may work around this using a regular expression
+that does not match the macro name: ^[F]OO_HOME$.
+
+Current versions of Exim issue a warning during startup if you do not mention
+&%keep_environment%& in your runtime configuration file and if your
+current environment is not empty. Future versions may not issue that warning
+anymore.
+
+See the &%add_environment%& main config option for a way to set
+environment variables to a fixed value. The environment for &(pipe)&
+transports is handled separately, see section &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for
+details.
+
.option keep_malformed main time 4d
This option specifies the length of time to keep messages whose spool files
.option ldap_ca_cert_dir main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate directory"
+.cindex certificate "directory for LDAP"
This option indicates which directory contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_ca_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP", "TLS CA certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains CA certificates for verifying
a TLS certificate presented by an LDAP server.
While Exim does not provide a default value, your SSL library may.
.option ldap_cert_file main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client certificate file"
+.cindex certificate "file for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains an TLS client certificate which
Exim should present to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_key%&.
.option ldap_cert_key main string unset
.cindex "LDAP" "TLS client key file"
+.cindex certificate "key for LDAP"
This option indicates which file contains the secret/private key to use
to prove identity to the LDAP server during TLS negotiation.
Should be used together with &%ldap_cert_file%&, which contains the
transport driver.
-.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2"
+.option openssl_options main "string list" "+no_sslv2 +single_dh_use"
.cindex "OpenSSL "compatibility options"
This option allows an administrator to adjust the SSL options applied
by OpenSSL to connections. It is given as a space-separated list of items,
.option perl_at_start main boolean false
+.cindex "Perl"
This option is available only when Exim is built with an embedded Perl
interpreter. See chapter &<<CHAPperl>>& for details of its use.
.option perl_startup main string unset
+.cindex "Perl"
This option is available only when Exim is built with an embedded Perl
interpreter. See chapter &<<CHAPperl>>& for details of its use.
+.option perl_startup main boolean false
+.cindex "Perl"
+This Option enables the taint mode of the embedded Perl interpreter.
+
.option pgsql_servers main "string list" unset
.cindex "PostgreSQL lookup type" "server list"
-.option queue_run_max main integer 5
+.option queue_run_max main integer&!! 5
.cindex "queue runner" "maximum number of"
This controls the maximum number of queue runner processes that an Exim daemon
can run simultaneously. This does not mean that it starts them all at once,
run. If you do not want queue runs to occur, omit the &%-q%&&'xx'& setting on
the daemon's command line.
+.new
+.cindex queues named
+.cindex "named queues"
+To set limits for different named queues use
+an expansion depending on the &$queue_name$& variable.
+.wen
+
.option queue_smtp_domains main "domain list&!!" unset
.cindex "queueing incoming messages"
.cindex "message" "queueing remote deliveries"
&%sender_unqualified_hosts%&, or if the message was submitted locally (not
using TCP/IP), and the &%-bnq%& option was not set.
+.option set_environment main "string list" empty
+.cindex "environment"
+This option allows to set individual environment variables that the
+currently linked libraries and programs in child processes use. The
+default list is empty,
+
.option slow_lookup_log main integer 0
.cindex "logging" "slow lookups"
.endd
-.new
.option smtputf8_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
.cindex "SMTPUTF8" "advertising"
When Exim is built with support for internationalised mail names,
the availability therof is advertised in
response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
chapter &<<CHAPi18n>>& for details of Exim's support for internationalisation.
-.wen
.option spamd_address main string "see below"
.option timezone main string unset
.cindex "timezone, setting"
+.cindex "environment" "values from"
The value of &%timezone%& is used to set the environment variable TZ while
running Exim (if it is different on entry). This ensures that all timestamps
created by Exim are in the required timezone. If you want all your timestamps
unfortunately not all, operating systems.
-.new
.option tls_advertise_hosts main "host list&!!" *
-.wen
.cindex "TLS" "advertising"
.cindex "encryption" "on SMTP connection"
.cindex "SMTP" "encrypted connection"
of the STARTTLS command to set up an encrypted session is advertised in
response to EHLO only to those client hosts that match this option. See
chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of Exim's support for TLS.
-.new
Note that the default value requires that a certificate be supplied
-using the &%tls_certificate%& option. If no certificate is available then
-the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option should be set empty.
-.wen
+using the &%tls_certificate%& option. If TLS support for incoming connections
+is not required the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option should be set empty.
.option tls_certificate main string&!! unset
Server Name Indication extension, then this option and others documented in
&<<SECTtlssni>>& will be re-expanded.
+.new
+If this option is unset or empty a fresh self-signed certificate will be
+generated for every connection.
+.wen
+
.option tls_crl main string&!! unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate revocation list"
.cindex "certificate" "revocation list for server"
Otherwise, the option must expand to the name used by Exim for any of a number
of DH primes specified in RFC 2409, RFC 3526 and RFC 5114. As names, Exim uses
-"ike" followed by the number used by IKE, of "default" which corresponds to
+"ike" followed by the number used by IKE, or "default" which corresponds to
"ike23".
The available primes are:
Curve names of the form &'prime256v1'& are accepted.
For even more-recent library versions, names of the form &'P-512'&
are also accepted, plus the special value &'auto'&
-which tell the library to choose.
+which tells the library to choose.
If the option is set to an empty string, no EC curves will be enabled.
status proof for the server's certificate, as obtained from the
Certificate Authority.
-.new
Usable for GnuTLS 3.4.4 or 3.3.17 or OpenSSL 1.1.0 (or later).
-.wen
.option tls_on_connect_ports main "string list" unset
.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_require_domains%& will be done with
the dnssec request bit set. Any returns not having the Authenticated Data bit
(AD bit) set will be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
.endd
.next
.cindex "address redirection" "to black hole"
-Sometimes you want to throw away mail to a particular local part. Making the
-&%data%& option expand to an empty string does not work, because that causes
-the router to decline. Instead, the alias item
+.cindex "delivery" "discard"
+.cindex "delivery" "blackhole"
.cindex "black hole"
.cindex "abandoning mail"
-&':blackhole:'& can be used. It does what its name implies. No delivery is
+Sometimes you want to throw away mail to a particular local part. Making the
+&%data%& option expand to an empty string does not work, because that causes
+the router to decline. Instead, the alias item
+.code
+:blackhole:
+.endd
+can be used. It does what its name implies. No delivery is
done, and no error message is generated. This has the same effect as specifying
&_/dev/null_& as a destination, but it can be independently disabled.
.chapter "Environment for running local transports" "CHAPenvironment" &&&
"Environment for local transports"
.scindex IIDenvlotra1 "local transports" "environment for"
-.scindex IIDenvlotra2 "environment for local transports"
+.scindex IIDenvlotra2 "environment" "local transports"
.scindex IIDenvlotra3 "transport" "local; environment for"
Local transports handle deliveries to files and pipes. (The &(autoreply)&
transport can be thought of as similar to a pipe.) Exim always runs transports
.cindex events
This option declares a string to be expanded for Exim's events mechanism.
For details see &<<CHAPevents>>&.
-.wen
.option group transports string&!! "Exim group"
errors and cause the delivery to be deferred.
Unlike most options, &%headers_remove%& can be specified multiple times
-for a router; all listed headers are removed.
+for a transport; all listed headers are removed.
&*Warning*&: Because of the separate expansion of the list items,
items that contain a list separator must have it doubled.
to ensure that any additional groups associated with the uid are set up.
-.new
.option max_parallel transports integer&!! unset
.cindex limit "transport parallelism"
.cindex transport "parallel processes"
start with &_misc_& and they are kept in the &_spool/db_& directory. There
may be one or two files, depending on the type of DBM in use. The same files
are used for ETRN and smtp transport serialization.
-.wen
.option message_size_limit transports string&!! 0
This option sets up a filtering (in the Unix shell sense) process for messages
at transport time. It should not be confused with mail filtering as set up by
individual users or via a system filter.
-.new
If unset, or expanding to an empty string, no filtering is done.
-.wen
When the message is about to be written out, the command specified by
&%transport_filter%& is started up in a separate, parallel process, and
delivery, the two pipe transports may be run concurrently. You must ensure that
any pipe commands you set up are robust against this happening. If the commands
write to a file, the &%exim_lock%& utility might be of use.
-.new
Alternatively the &%max_parallel%& option could be used with a value
of "1" to enforce serialization.
-.wen
.section "Environment variables" "SECTpipeenv"
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport" "environment for command"
-.cindex "environment for pipe transport"
+.cindex "environment" "&(pipe)& transport"
The environment variables listed below are set up when the command is invoked.
This list is a compromise for maximum compatibility with other MTAs. Note that
the &%environment%& option can be used to add additional variables to this
-environment.
+environment. The environment for the &(pipe)& transport is not subject
+to the &%add_environment%& and &%keep_environment%& main config options.
.display
&`DOMAIN `& the domain of the address
&`HOME `& the home directory, if set
.option environment pipe string&!! unset
.cindex "&(pipe)& transport" "environment for command"
-.cindex "environment for &(pipe)& transport"
+.cindex "environment" "&(pipe)& transport"
This option is used to add additional variables to the environment in which the
command runs (see section &<<SECTpipeenv>>& for the default list). Its value is
a string which is expanded, and then interpreted as a colon-separated list of
of the message. Its value must not be zero. See also &%final_timeout%&.
+.option dkim_domain smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_selector smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_canon smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_strict smtp string&!! unset
+.option dkim_sign_headers smtp string&!! unset
+DKIM signing options. For details see &<<SECDKIMSIGN>>&.
+
+
.option delay_after_cutoff smtp boolean true
This option controls what happens when all remote IP addresses for a given
domain have been inaccessible for so long that they have passed their retry
.cindex "DNSSEC" "MX lookup"
.cindex "security" "MX lookup"
.cindex "DNS" "DNSSEC"
-DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_request_domains%& will be done with
+DNS lookups for domains matching &%dnssec_require_domains%& will be done with
the dnssec request bit set. Any returns not having the Authenticated Data bit
(AD bit) set will be ignored and logged as a host-lookup failure.
This applies to all of the SRV, MX, AAAA, A lookup sequence.
unauthenticated. See also &%hosts_require_auth%&, and chapter
&<<CHAPSMTPAUTH>>& for details of authentication.
+.new
+.option hosts_try_chunking smtp "host list&!!" *
+.cindex CHUNKING "enabling, in client"
+.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
+.cindex "RFC 3030" "CHUNKING"
+This option provides a list of server to which, provided they announce
+CHUNKING support, Exim will attempt to use BDAT commands rather than DATA.
+BDAT will not be used in conjuction with a transport filter.
+.wen
+
.option hosts_try_prdr smtp "host list&!!" *
.cindex "PRDR" "enabling, optional in client"
This option provides a list of servers to which, provided they announce
may be one or two files, depending on the type of DBM in use. The same files
are used for ETRN serialization.
-.new
See also the &%max_parallel%& generic transport option.
-.wen
.option size_addition smtp integer 1024
the use of the SIZE option altogether.
-.new
.option socks_proxy smtp string&!! unset
.cindex proxy SOCKS
This option enables use of SOCKS proxies for connections made by the
transport. For details see &<<SECTproxySOCKS>>&.
-.wen
.option tls_certificate smtp string&!! unset
.option tls_verify_hosts smtp "host list&!!" unset
.cindex "TLS" "server certificate verification"
.cindex "certificate" "verification of server"
-This option gives a list of hosts for which. on encrypted connections,
+This option gives a list of hosts for which, on encrypted connections,
certificate verification must succeed.
The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must also be set.
If both this option and &%tls_try_verify_hosts%& are unset
} } } }
server_set_id = ${if = {1}{${listcount:$auth1}} {$auth1}{}}
.endd
+This accepts a client certificate that is verifiable against any
+of your configured trust-anchors
+which usually means the full set of public CAs)
+and which has a SAN with a good account name.
+Note that the client cert is on the wire in-clear, including the SAN,
+whereas a plaintext SMTP AUTH done inside TLS is not.
+
+. An alternative might use
+. .code
+. server_param1 = ${sha256:$tls_in_peercert}
+. .endd
+. to require one of a set of specific certs that define a given account
+. (the verification is still required, but mostly irrelevant).
+. This would help for per-device use.
+.
+. However, for the future we really need support for checking a
+. user cert in LDAP - which probably wants a base-64 DER.
+
.ecindex IIDtlsauth1
.ecindex IIDtlsauth2
&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html),
but beware that this relates to GnuTLS 3, which may be newer than the version
installed on your system. If you are using GnuTLS 3,
-&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Listing-the-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string, then the example code)
+then the example code
+&url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Listing-the-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string)
on that site can be used to test a given string.
For example:
If a STARTTLS command is issued within an existing TLS session, it is
rejected with a 554 error code.
-To enable TLS operations on a server, you must set &%tls_advertise_hosts%& to
-match some hosts. You can, of course, set it to * to match all hosts.
-However, this is not all you need to do. TLS sessions to a server won't work
-without some further configuration at the server end.
+To enable TLS operations on a server, the &%tls_advertise_hosts%& option
+must be set to match some hosts. The default is * which matches all hosts.
+
+.new
+If this is all you do, TLS encryption will be enabled but not authentication -
+meaning that the peer has no assurance it is actually you he is talking to.
+You gain protection from a passive sniffer listening on the wire but not
+from someone able to intercept the communication.
+.wen
+
+Further protection requires some further configuration at the server end.
It is rumoured that all existing clients that support TLS/SSL use RSA
encryption. To make this work you need to set, in the server,
proof expires. The downside is that it requires server support.
Unless Exim is built with the support disabled,
-.new
or with GnuTLS earlier than version 3.3.16 / 3.4.8
-.wen
support for OCSP stapling is included.
There is a global option called &%tls_ocsp_file%&.
.section "Testing ACLs" "SECID188"
The &%-bh%& command line option provides a way of testing your ACL
configuration locally by running a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-The host &'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a service for checking your
-relaying configuration (see section &<<SECTcheralcon>>& for more details).
-
.section "Specifying when ACLs are used" "SECID189"
session, and indeed is required to issue a new EHLO or HELO after successfully
setting up encryption following a STARTTLS command.
+Note also that a deny neither forces the client to go away nor means that
+mail will be refused on the connection. Consider checking for
+&$sender_helo_name$& being defined in a MAIL or RCPT ACL to do that.
+
If the command is accepted by an &%accept%& verb that has a &%message%&
modifier, the message may not contain more than one line (it will be truncated
at the first newline and a panic logged if it does). Such a message cannot
the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_data%&, which is the second ACL that is
associated with the DATA command.
+.new
+.cindex CHUNKING "BDAT command"
+.cindex BDAT "SMTP command"
+.cindex "RFC 3030" CHUNKING
+If CHUNKING was advertised and a BDAT command sequence is received,
+the &%acl_smtp_predata%& ACL is not run.
+. XXX why not? It should be possible, for the first BDAT.
+The &%acl_smtp_data%& is run after the last BDAT command and all of
+the data specified is received.
+.wen
+
For both of these ACLs, it is not possible to reject individual recipients. An
error response rejects the entire message. Unfortunately, it is known that some
MTAs do not treat hard (5&'xx'&) responses to the DATA command (either
PRDR may be used to support per-user content filtering. Without it
one must defer any recipient after the first that has a different
content-filter configuration. With PRDR, the RCPT-time check
-.new
.cindex "PRDR" "variable for"
for this can be disabled when the variable &$prdr_requested$&
is &"yes"&.
-.wen
Any required difference in behaviour of the main DATA-time
ACL should however depend on the PRDR-time ACL having run, as Exim
will avoid doing so in some situations (e.g. single-recipient mails).
effect.
+.new
+.vitem &*queue*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
+This modifier specifies the use of a named queue for spool files
+for the message.
+It can only be used before the message is received (i.e. not in
+the DATA ACL).
+This could be used, for example, for known high-volume burst sources
+of traffic, or for quarantine of messages.
+Separate queue-runner processes will be needed for named queues.
+If the text after expansion is empty, the default queue is used.
+.wen
+
+
.vitem &*remove_header*&&~=&~<&'text'&>
This modifier specifies one or more header names in a colon-separated list
that are to be removed from an incoming message, assuming, of course, that
An attempt to set this option for any recipient but the first
for a mail will be quietly ignored.
-If a recipient-verify callout connection is subsequently
+If a recipient-verify callout
+(with use_sender)
+connection is subsequently
requested in the same ACL it is held open and used for
any subsequent recipients and the data,
otherwise one is made after the initial RCPT ACL completes.
modified by any of the post-data ACLs (DATA, MIME and DKIM).
Headers may be modified by routers (subject to the above) and transports.
+All the usual ACLs are called; if one results in the message being
+rejected, all effort spent in delivery (including the costs on
+the ultimate destination) will be wasted.
+Note that in the case of data-time ACLs this includes the entire
+message body.
+
Cutthrough delivery is not supported via transport-filters or when DKIM signing
of outgoing messages is done, because it sends data to the ultimate destination
before the entire message has been received from the source.
&'debuglog'&. The filename can be adjusted with the &'tag'& option, which
may access any variables already defined. The logging may be adjusted with
the &'opts'& option, which takes the same values as the &`-d`& command-line
-option. Some examples (which depend on variables that don't exist in all
+option.
+.new
+Logging may be stopped, and the file removed, with the &'kill'& option.
+.wen
+Some examples (which depend on variables that don't exist in all
contexts):
.code
control = debug
control = debug/tag=.$sender_host_address
control = debug/opts=+expand+acl
control = debug/tag=.$message_exim_id/opts=+expand
+ control = debug/kill
.endd
&*Note:*& This control applies only to the current message, not to any others
that are being submitted at the same time using &%-bs%& or &%-bS%&.
-.new
.vitem &*control&~=&~utf8_downconvert*&
This control enables conversion of UTF-8 in message addresses
to a-label form.
For details see &<<SECTi18nMTA>>&.
-.wen
.endlist vlist
RCPT ACL).
Headers will not be added to the message if the modifier is used in
-DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for a message delivered by cutthrough routing.
Leading and trailing newlines are removed from
the data for the &%add_header%& modifier; if it then
with any ACL verb, including &%deny%&, though this is really not useful for
any verb that doesn't result in a delivered message.
-Headers will not be removed to the message if the modifier is used in
-DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for messages delivered by cutthrough routing.
+Headers will not be removed from the message if the modifier is used in
+DATA, MIME or DKIM ACLs for a message delivered by cutthrough routing.
More than one header can be removed at the same time by using a colon separated
list of header names. The header matching is case insensitive. Wildcards are
problems such as a syntax error or a memory shortage. For more details, see
chapter &<<CHAPexiscan>>&.
-.vitem &*demime&~=&~*&<&'extension&~list'&>
-.cindex "&%demime%& ACL condition"
-This condition is available only when Exim is compiled with the
-content-scanning extension. Its use is described in section
-&<<SECTdemimecond>>&.
-
.vitem &*dnslists&~=&~*&<&'list&~of&~domain&~names&~and&~other&~data'&>
.cindex "&%dnslists%& ACL condition"
.cindex "DNS list" "in ACL"
.cindex cacheing "of dns lookup"
.cindex DNS TTL
DNS list lookups are cached by Exim for the duration of the SMTP session
-.new
(but limited by the DNS return TTL value),
-.wen
so a lookup based on the IP address is done at most once for any incoming
connection (assuming long-enough TTL).
Exim does not share information between multiple incoming
You can check the relay characteristics of your configuration in the same way
that you can test any ACL behaviour for an incoming SMTP connection, by using
the &%-bh%& option to run a fake SMTP session with which you interact.
-
-For specifically testing for unwanted relaying, the host
-&'relay-test.mail-abuse.org'& provides a useful service. If you telnet to this
-host from the host on which Exim is running, using the normal telnet port, you
-will see a normal telnet connection message and then quite a long delay. Be
-patient. The remote host is making an SMTP connection back to your host, and
-trying a number of common probes to test for open relay vulnerability. The
-results of the tests will eventually appear on your terminal.
.ecindex IIDacl
Two new main configuration options: &%av_scanner%& and &%spamd_address%&.
.endlist
-There is another content-scanning configuration option for &_Local/Makefile_&,
-called WITH_OLD_DEMIME. If this is set, the old, deprecated &%demime%& ACL
-condition is compiled, in addition to all the other content-scanning features.
-
Content-scanning is continually evolving, and new features are still being
added. While such features are still unstable and liable to incompatible
changes, they are made available in Exim by setting options whose names begin
parts of documentation are now available in English. You can get it at
&url(http://linux.mks.com.pl/). The only option for this scanner type is
the maximum number of processes used simultaneously to scan the attachments,
-provided that the demime facility is employed and also provided that mksd has
+provided that mksd has
been run with at least the same number of child processes. For example:
.code
av_scanner = mksd:2
&%message%& modifier that specifies the error returned to the sender, and/or in
logging data.
-If your virus scanner cannot unpack MIME and TNEF containers itself, you should
-use the &%demime%& condition (see section &<<SECTdemimecond>>&) before the
-&%malware%& condition.
-
Beware the interaction of Exim's &%message_size_limit%& with any size limits
imposed by your anti-virus scanner.
Here is a very simple scanning example:
.code
deny message = This message contains malware ($malware_name)
- demime = *
malware = *
.endd
The next example accepts messages when there is a problem with the scanner:
.code
deny message = This message contains malware ($malware_name)
- demime = *
malware = */defer_ok
.endd
The next example shows how to use an ACL variable to scan with both sophie and
Unix and TCP socket specifications may be mixed in any order.
Each element of the list is a list itself, space-separated by default
-and changeable in the usual way.
+and changeable in the usual way; take care to not double the separator.
For TCP socket specifications a host name or IP (v4 or v6, but
subject to list-separator quoting rules) address can be used,
A multiline text table, containing the full SpamAssassin report for the
message. Useful for inclusion in headers or reject messages.
This variable is only usable in a DATA-time ACL.
+.new
+Beware that SpamAssassin may return non-ASCII characters, especially
+when running in country-specific locales, which are not legal
+unencoded in headers.
+.wen
.vitem &$spam_action$&
For SpamAssassin either 'reject' or 'no action' depending on the
&*Warning*&: With large messages, these conditions can be fairly
CPU-intensive.
-
-
-
-.section "The demime condition" "SECTdemimecond"
-.cindex "content scanning" "MIME checking"
-.cindex "MIME content scanning"
-The &%demime%& ACL condition provides MIME unpacking, sanity checking and file
-extension blocking. It is usable only in the DATA and non-SMTP ACLs. The
-&%demime%& condition uses a simpler interface to MIME decoding than the MIME
-ACL functionality, but provides no additional facilities. Please note that this
-condition is deprecated and kept only for backward compatibility. You must set
-the WITH_OLD_DEMIME option in &_Local/Makefile_& at build time to be able to
-use the &%demime%& condition.
-
-The &%demime%& condition unpacks MIME containers in the message. It detects
-errors in MIME containers and can match file extensions found in the message
-against a list. Using this facility produces files containing the unpacked MIME
-parts of the message in the temporary scan directory. If you do antivirus
-scanning, it is recommended that you use the &%demime%& condition before the
-antivirus (&%malware%&) condition.
-
-On the right-hand side of the &%demime%& condition you can pass a
-colon-separated list of file extensions that it should match against. For
-example:
-.code
-deny message = Found blacklisted file attachment
- demime = vbs:com:bat:pif:prf:lnk
-.endd
-If one of the file extensions is found, the condition is true, otherwise it is
-false. If there is a temporary error while demimeing (for example, &"disk
-full"&), the condition defers, and the message is temporarily rejected (unless
-the condition is on a &%warn%& verb).
-
-The right-hand side is expanded before being treated as a list, so you can have
-conditions and lookups there. If it expands to an empty string, &"false"&, or
-zero (&"0"&), no demimeing is done and the condition is false.
-
-The &%demime%& condition set the following variables:
-
-.vlist
-.vitem &$demime_errorlevel$&
-.vindex "&$demime_errorlevel$&"
-When an error is detected in a MIME container, this variable contains the
-severity of the error, as an integer number. The higher the value, the more
-severe the error (the current maximum value is 3). If this variable is unset or
-zero, no error occurred.
-
-.vitem &$demime_reason$&
-.vindex "&$demime_reason$&"
-When &$demime_errorlevel$& is greater than zero, this variable contains a
-human-readable text string describing the MIME error that occurred.
-.endlist
-
-.vlist
-.vitem &$found_extension$&
-.vindex "&$found_extension$&"
-When the &%demime%& condition is true, this variable contains the file
-extension it found.
-.endlist
-
-Both &$demime_errorlevel$& and &$demime_reason$& are set by the first call of
-the &%demime%& condition, and are not changed on subsequent calls.
-
-If you do not want to check for file extensions, but rather use the &%demime%&
-condition for unpacking or error checking purposes, pass &"*"& as the
-right-hand side value. Here is a more elaborate example of how to use this
-facility:
-.code
-# Reject messages with serious MIME container errors
-deny message = Found MIME error ($demime_reason).
- demime = *
- condition = ${if >{$demime_errorlevel}{2}{1}{0}}
-
-# Reject known virus spreading file extensions.
-# Accepting these is pretty much braindead.
-deny message = contains $found_extension file (blacklisted).
- demime = com:vbs:bat:pif:scr
-
-# Freeze .exe and .doc files. Postmaster can
-# examine them and eventually thaw them.
-deny log_message = Another $found_extension file.
- demime = exe:doc
- control = freeze
-.endd
.ecindex IIDcosca
.section "Resent- header lines" "SECID220"
.cindex "&%Resent-%& header lines"
+.cindex "header lines" "Resent-"
RFC 2822 makes provision for sets of header lines starting with the string
&`Resent-`& to be added to a message when it is resent by the original
recipient to somebody else. These headers are &'Resent-Date:'&,
.section "The Date: header line" "SECID223"
.cindex "&'Date:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Date:"
If a locally-generated or submission-mode message has no &'Date:'& header line,
Exim adds one, using the current date and time, unless the
&%suppress_local_fixups%& control has been specified.
.section "The Envelope-to: header line" "SECID225"
.cindex "&'Envelope-to:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Envelope-to:"
.oindex "&%envelope_to_remove%&"
&'Envelope-to:'& header lines are not part of the standard RFC 2822 header set.
Exim can be configured to add them to the final delivery of messages. (See the
.section "The From: header line" "SECTthefrohea"
.cindex "&'From:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "From:"
.cindex "Sendmail compatibility" "&""From""& line"
.cindex "message" "submission"
.cindex "submission mode"
.section "The Message-ID: header line" "SECID226"
.cindex "&'Message-ID:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Message-ID:"
.cindex "message" "submission"
.oindex "&%message_id_header_text%&"
If a locally-generated or submission-mode incoming message does not contain a
.section "The Received: header line" "SECID227"
.cindex "&'Received:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Received:"
A &'Received:'& header line is added at the start of every message. The
contents are defined by the &%received_header_text%& configuration option, and
Exim automatically adds a semicolon and a timestamp to the configured string.
.section "The References: header line" "SECID228"
.cindex "&'References:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "References:"
Messages created by the &(autoreply)& transport include a &'References:'&
header line. This is constructed according to the rules that are described in
section 3.64 of RFC 2822 (which states that replies should contain such a
.section "The Return-path: header line" "SECID229"
.cindex "&'Return-path:'& header line"
+.cindex "header lines" "Return-path:"
.oindex "&%return_path_remove%&"
&'Return-path:'& header lines are defined as something an MTA may insert when
it does the final delivery of messages. (See the generic &%return_path_add%&
.section "The Sender: header line" "SECTthesenhea"
.cindex "&'Sender:'& header line"
.cindex "message" "submission"
+.cindex "header lines" "Sender:"
For a locally-originated message from an untrusted user, Exim may remove an
existing &'Sender:'& header line, and it may add a new one. You can modify
these actions by setting the &%local_sender_retain%& option true, the
When Exim receives a VRFY or EXPN command on a TCP/IP connection, it
runs the ACL specified by &%acl_smtp_vrfy%& or &%acl_smtp_expn%& (as
appropriate) in order to decide whether the command should be accepted or not.
-If no ACL is defined, the command is rejected.
.cindex "VRFY" "processing"
+When no ACL is defined for VRFY, or if it rejects without
+setting an explicit response code, the command is accepted
+(with a 252 SMTP response code)
+in order to support awkward clients that do a VRFY before every RCPT.
When VRFY is accepted, it runs exactly the same code as when Exim is
-called with the &%-bv%& option.
+called with the &%-bv%& option, and returns 250/451/550
+SMTP response codes.
.cindex "EXPN" "processing"
+If no ACL for EXPN is defined, the command is rejected.
When EXPN is accepted, a single-level expansion of the address is done.
EXPN is treated as an &"address test"& (similar to the &%-bt%& option) rather
than a verification (the &%-bv%& option). If an unqualified local part is given
timestamp. The flags are:
.display
&`<=`& message arrival
+&`(=`& message fakereject
&`=>`& normal message delivery
&`->`& additional address in same delivery
&`>>`& cutthrough message delivery
&`CV `& certificate verification status
&`D `& duration of &"no mail in SMTP session"&
&`DN `& distinguished name from peer certificate
+&`DS `& DNSSEC secured lookups
&`DT `& on &`=>`& lines: time taken for a delivery
&`F `& sender address (on delivery lines)
&`H `& host name and IP address
&`I `& local interface used
+&`K `& CHUNKING extension used
&`id `& message id for incoming message
&`P `& on &`<=`& lines: protocol used
&` `& on &`=>`& and &`**`& lines: return path
-&`PRX `& on &'<='& and&`=>`& lines: proxy address
+&`PRDR`& PRDR extension used
+&`PRX `& on &'<='& and &`=>`& lines: proxy address
+&`Q `& alternate queue name
&`QT `& on &`=>`& lines: time spent on queue so far
&` `& on &"Completed"& lines: time spent on queue
&`R `& on &`<=`& lines: reference for local bounce
-&` `& on &`=>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
-&`S `& size of message
+&` `& on &`=>`& &`>>`& &`**`& and &`==`& lines: router name
+&`S `& size of message in bytes
&`SNI `& server name indication from TLS client hello
&`ST `& shadow transport name
&`T `& on &`<=`& lines: message subject (topic)
&` deliver_time `& time taken to perform delivery
&` delivery_size `& add &`S=`&&'nnn'& to => lines
&`*dnslist_defer `& defers of DNS list (aka RBL) lookups
+&` dnssec `& DNSSEC secured lookups
&`*etrn `& ETRN commands
&`*host_lookup_failed `& as it says
&` ident_timeout `& timeout for ident connection
&` incoming_interface `& local interface on <= and => lines
&` incoming_port `& remote port on <= lines
&`*lost_incoming_connection `& as it says (includes timeouts)
-.new
&` outgoing_interface `& local interface on => lines
-.wen
&` outgoing_port `& add remote port to => lines
&`*queue_run `& start and end queue runs
&` queue_time `& time on queue for one recipient
&` queue_time_overall `& time on queue for whole message
&` pid `& Exim process id
-.new
&` proxy `& proxy address on <= and => lines
-.wen
&` received_recipients `& recipients on <= lines
&` received_sender `& sender on <= lines
&`*rejected_header `& header contents on reject log
&%dnslist_defer%&: A log entry is written if an attempt to look up a host in a
DNS black list suffers a temporary error.
.next
+.cindex log dnssec
+.cindex dnssec logging
+&%dnssec%&: For message acceptance and (attempted) delivery log lines, when
+dns lookups gave secure results a tag of DS is added.
+For acceptance this covers the reverse and forward lookups for host name verification.
+It does not cover helo-name verification.
+For delivery this covers the SRV, MX, A and/or AAAA lookups.
+.next
.cindex "log" "ETRN commands"
.cindex "ETRN" "logging"
&%etrn%&: Every valid ETRN command that is received is logged, before the ACL
followed by a colon and the port number. The local interface and port are also
added to other SMTP log lines, for example &"SMTP connection from"&, to
rejection lines, and (despite the name) to outgoing &"=>"& and &"->"& lines.
-.new
The latter can be disabled by turning off the &%outgoing_interface%& option.
-.wen
.next
-.new
.cindex log "incoming proxy address"
.cindex proxy "logging proxy address"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging proxy address"
on a proxied connection
or the &"=>"& line for a message delivered on a proxied connection..
See &<<SECTproxyInbound>>& for more information.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "incoming remote port"
.cindex "port" "logging remote"
.cindex "log" "local address and port"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging local address and port"
.cindex "interface" "logging"
-.new
&%outgoing_interface%&: If &%incoming_interface%& is turned on, then the
interface on which a message was sent is added to delivery lines as an I= tag
followed by IP address in square brackets. You can disable this by turning
off the &%outgoing_interface%& option.
-.wen
.next
.cindex "log" "outgoing remote port"
.cindex "port" "logging outgoint remote"
.cindex "TCP/IP" "logging ougtoing remote port"
&%outgoing_port%&: The remote port number is added to delivery log lines (those
containing => tags) following the IP address.
-.new
The local port is also added if &%incoming_interface%& and
&%outgoing_interface%& are both enabled.
-.wen
This option is not included in the default setting, because for most ordinary
configurations, the remote port number is always 25 (the SMTP port), and the
local port is a random ephemeral port.
be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address.
DKIM is documented in RFC 4871.
-Since version 4.70, DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default. It can be
-disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in &_Local/Makefile_&.
+DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default if TLS support is present.
+It can be disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in &_Local/Makefile_&.
Exim's DKIM implementation allows to
.olist
senders).
-.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECID513"
+.section "Signing outgoing messages" "SECDKIMSIGN"
.cindex "DKIM" "signing"
-Signing is implemented by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
+Signing is enabled by setting private options on the SMTP transport.
These options take (expandable) strings as arguments.
.option dkim_domain smtp string&!! unset
MANDATORY:
This sets the key selector string. You can use the &%$dkim_domain%& expansion
variable to look up a matching selector. The result is put in the expansion
-variable &%$dkim_selector%& which should be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
+variable &%$dkim_selector%& which may be used in the &%dkim_private_key%&
option along with &%$dkim_domain%&.
.option dkim_private_key smtp string&!! unset
.section "Verifying DKIM signatures in incoming mail" "SECID514"
.cindex "DKIM" "verification"
-Verification of DKIM signatures in incoming email is implemented via the
+Verification of DKIM signatures in SMTP incoming email is implemented via the
&%acl_smtp_dkim%& ACL. By default, this ACL is called once for each
syntactically(!) correct signature in the incoming message.
A missing ACL definition defaults to accept.
.cindex "proxy support"
.cindex "proxy" "access via"
-.new
A proxy is an intermediate system through which communication is passed.
Proxies may provide a security, availability or load-distribution function.
main configuration option to a hostlist; connections from these
hosts will use Proxy Protocol.
+.new
The following expansion variables are usable
(&"internal"& and &"external"& here refer to the interfaces
of the proxy):
.display
-&'proxy_host_address '& internal IP address of the proxy
-&'proxy_host_port '& internal TCP port of the proxy
-&'proxy_target_address '& external IP address of the proxy
-&'proxy_target_port '& external TCP port of the proxy
+&'proxy_external_address '& IP of host being proxied or IP of remote interface of proxy
+&'proxy_external_port '& Port of host being proxied or Port on remote interface of proxy
+&'proxy_local_address '& IP of proxy server inbound or IP of local interface of proxy
+&'proxy_local_port '& Port of proxy server inbound or Port on local interface of proxy
&'proxy_session '& boolean: SMTP connection via proxy
.endd
-If &$proxy_session$& is set but &$proxy_host_address$& is empty
+If &$proxy_session$& is set but &$proxy_external_address$& is empty
there was a protocol error.
+.wen
Since the real connections are all coming from the proxy, and the
per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is
(space-separated by default) where the initial element
is an IP address and any subsequent elements are options.
-Options are a string <name>=<value>.
+Options are a string <name>=<value>.
The list of options is in the following table:
.display
&'auth '& authentication method
To log the (local) IP of a proxy in the incoming or delivery logline,
add &"+proxy"& to the &%log_selector%& option.
This will add a component tagged with &"PRX="& to the line.
-.wen
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
.cindex i18n
.cindex UTF-8 "mail name handling"
-.new
Exim has support for Internationalised mail names.
To include this it must be built with SUPPORT_I18N and the libidn library.
Standards supported are RFCs 2060, 5890, 6530 and 6533.
require appropriate care. Filenames created, eg. by
the appendfile transport, will have UTF-8 names.
-Helo names sent by the smtp transport will have any UTF-8
+HELO names sent by the smtp transport will have any UTF-8
components expanded to a-label form,
and any certificate name checks will be done using the a-label
form of the name.
Log lines and Received-by: header lines will acquire a "utf8"
prefix on the protocol element, eg. utf8esmtp.
-The following expansion operator can be used:
+The following expansion operators can be used:
.code
${utf8_domain_to_alabel:str}
${utf8_domain_from_alabel:str}
Note that the source charset setting is vital, and also that characters
must be representable in UTF-16.
-.wen
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
"Events"
.cindex events
-.new
The events mechanism in Exim can be used to intercept processing at a number
of points. It was originally invented to giave a way to do customised logging
actions (for example, to a database) but can also be used to modify some
chain element received on the connection.
For OpenSSL it will trigger for every chain element including those
loaded locally.
-.wen
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
git://git.exim.org / exim.git / blobdiff