[exim.git] / doc / doc-txt / experimental-spec.txt

From time to time, experimental features may be added to Exim.
While a feature  is experimental, there  will be a  build-time
option whose name starts  "EXPERIMENTAL_" that must be  set in
order to include the  feature. This file contains  information
about experimental  features, all  of which  are unstable and
liable to incompatible change.


Brightmail AntiSpam (BMI) suppport
--------------------------------------------------------------

Brightmail  AntiSpam  is  a  commercial  package.  Please  see
http://www.brightmail.com    for    more    information     on
the product. For  the sake of  clarity, we'll refer  to it  as
"BMI" from now on.


0) BMI concept and implementation overview

In  contrast  to   how  spam-scanning  with   SpamAssassin  is
implemented  in  exiscan-acl,  BMI  is  more  suited  for  per
-recipient  scanning of  messages. However,  each messages  is
scanned  only  once,  but  multiple  "verdicts"  for  multiple
recipients can be  returned from the  BMI server. The  exiscan
implementation  passes  the  message to  the  BMI  server just
before accepting it.  It then adds  the retrieved verdicts  to
the messages header file in the spool. These verdicts can then
be  queried  in  routers,  where  operation  is  per-recipient
instead  of per-message.  To use  BMI, you  need to  take the
following steps:

  1) Compile Exim with BMI support
  2) Set up main BMI options (top section of Exim config file)
  3) Set up ACL control statement (ACL section of the config
     file)
  4) Set up your routers to use BMI verdicts (routers section
     of the config file).
  5) (Optional) Set up per-recipient opt-in information.

These four steps are explained in more details below.

1) Adding support for BMI at compile time

  To compile with BMI support,  you need to link Exim  against
  the   Brighmail  client   SDK,  consisting   of  a   library
  (libbmiclient_single.so)  and  a  header  file  (bmi_api.h).
  You'll also need to explicitly set a flag in the Makefile to
  include BMI support in the Exim binary. Both can be achieved
  with  these lines in Local/Makefile:

  EXPERIMENTAL_BRIGHTMAIL=yes
  CFLAGS=-I/path/to/the/dir/with/the/includefile
  EXTRALIBS_EXIM=-L/path/to/the/dir/with/the/library -lbmiclient_single

  If  you use  other CFLAGS  or EXTRALIBS_EXIM  settings then
  merge the content of these lines with them.

  Note for BMI6.x users: You'll also have to add -lxml2_single
  to the EXTRALIBS_EXIM line. Users of 5.5x do not need to  do
  this.

  You    should     also    include     the    location     of
  libbmiclient_single.so in your dynamic linker  configuration
  file   (usually   /etc/ld.so.conf)   and   run    "ldconfig"
  afterwards, or  else the  produced Exim  binary will  not be
  able to find the library file.


2) Setting up BMI support in the Exim main configuration

  To enable BMI  support in the  main Exim configuration,  you
  should set the path to the main BMI configuration file  with
  the "bmi_config_file" option, like this:

  bmi_config_file = /opt/brightmail/etc/brightmail.cfg

  This must go into section 1 of Exim's configuration file (You
  can  put it  right on  top). If  you omit  this option,  it
  defaults to /opt/brightmail/etc/brightmail.cfg.

  Note for BMI6.x users: This  file is in XML format  in V6.xx
  and its  name is  /opt/brightmail/etc/bmiconfig.xml. So  BMI
  6.x users MUST set the bmi_config_file option.


3) Set up ACL control statement

  To  optimize performance,  it makes  sense only  to process
  messages coming from remote, untrusted sources with the  BMI
  server.  To set  up a  messages for  processing by  the BMI
  server, you MUST set the "bmi_run" control statement in  any
  ACL for an incoming message.  You will typically do this  in
  an "accept"  block in  the "acl_check_rcpt"  ACL. You should
  use the "accept" block(s)  that accept messages from  remote
  servers for your own domain(s). Here is an example that uses
  the "accept" blocks from Exim's default configuration file:


  accept  domains       = +local_domains
          endpass
          verify        = recipient
          control       = bmi_run

  accept  domains       = +relay_to_domains
          endpass
          verify        = recipient
          control       = bmi_run

  If bmi_run  is not  set in  any ACL  during reception of the
  message, it will NOT be passed to the BMI server.


4) Setting up routers to use BMI verdicts

  When a message has been  run through the BMI server,  one or
  more "verdicts" are  present. Different recipients  can have
  different verdicts. Each  recipient is treated  individually
  during routing, so you  can query the verdicts  by recipient
  at  that stage.  From Exim's  view, a  verdict can  have the
  following outcomes:

  o deliver the message normally
  o deliver the message to an alternate location
  o do not deliver the message

  To query  the verdict  for a  recipient, the  implementation
  offers the following tools:


  - Boolean router  preconditions. These  can be  used in  any
    router. For a simple  implementation of BMI, these  may be
    all  that  you  need.  The  following  preconditions   are
    available:

    o bmi_deliver_default

      This  precondition  is  TRUE  if  the  verdict  for  the
      recipient is  to deliver  the message  normally. If  the
      message has not been  processed by the BMI  server, this
      variable defaults to TRUE.

    o bmi_deliver_alternate

      This  precondition  is  TRUE  if  the  verdict  for  the
      recipient  is to  deliver the  message to  an alternate
      location.  You  can  get the  location  string  from the
      $bmi_alt_location expansion variable if you need it. See
      further below. If the message has not been processed  by
      the BMI server, this variable defaults to FALSE.

    o bmi_dont_deliver

      This  precondition  is  TRUE  if  the  verdict  for  the
      recipient  is  NOT  to   deliver  the  message  to   the
      recipient. You will typically use this precondition in a
      top-level blackhole router, like this:

        # don't deliver messages handled by the BMI server
        bmi_blackhole:
          driver = redirect
          bmi_dont_deliver
          data = :blackhole:

      This router should be on top of all others, so  messages
      that should not be delivered do not reach other  routers
      at all. If   the  message  has  not  been  processed  by
      the  BMI server, this variable defaults to FALSE.


  - A list router  precondition to query  if rules "fired"  on
    the message for the recipient. Its name is "bmi_rule". You
    use  it  by  passing it  a  colon-separated  list of  rule
    numbers. You can use this condition to route messages that
    matched specific rules. Here is an example:

      # special router for BMI rule #5, #8 and #11
      bmi_rule_redirect:
        driver = redirect
        bmi_rule = 5:8:11
        data = postmaster@mydomain.com


  - Expansion variables. Several  expansion variables are  set
    during  routing.  You  can  use  them  in  custom   router
    conditions,  for  example.  The  following  variables  are
    available:

    o $bmi_base64_verdict

      This variable  will contain  the BASE64  encoded verdict
      for the recipient being routed. You can use it to add  a
      header to messages for tracking purposes, for example:

      localuser:
        driver = accept
        check_local_user
        headers_add = X-Brightmail-Verdict: $bmi_base64_verdict
        transport = local_delivery

      If there is no verdict available for the recipient being
      routed, this variable contains the empty string.

    o $bmi_base64_tracker_verdict

      This variable  will contain  a BASE64  encoded subset of
      the  verdict  information  concerning  the  "rules" that
      fired  on the  message. You  can add  this string  to a
      header, commonly named "X-Brightmail-Tracker". Example:

      localuser:
        driver = accept
        check_local_user
        headers_add = X-Brightmail-Tracker: $bmi_base64_tracker_verdict
        transport = local_delivery

      If there is no verdict available for the recipient being
      routed, this variable contains the empty string.

    o $bmi_alt_location

      If  the  verdict  is  to  redirect  the  message  to  an
      alternate  location,  this  variable  will  contain  the
      alternate location string returned by the BMI server. In
      its default configuration, this is a header-like  string
      that can be added to the message with "headers_add".  If
      there is  no verdict  available for  the recipient being
      routed, or if the  message is to be  delivered normally,
      this variable contains the empty string.

    o $bmi_deliver

      This is an additional integer variable that can be  used
      to query if the message should be delivered at all.  You
      should use router preconditions instead if possible.

      $bmi_deliver is '0': the message should NOT be delivered.
      $bmi_deliver is '1': the message should be delivered.


  IMPORTANT NOTE: Verdict inheritance.
  The  message  is passed  to  the BMI  server  during message
  reception,  using the  target addresses  from the  RCPT TO:
  commands in the SMTP transaction. If recipients get expanded
  or re-written (for example by aliasing), the new address(es)
  inherit the  verdict from  the original  address. This means
  that verdicts also apply to all "child" addresses  generated
  from top-level addresses that were sent to the BMI server.


5) Using per-recipient opt-in information (Optional)

  The  BMI server  features multiple  scanning "profiles"  for
  individual recipients.  These are  usually stored  in a LDAP
  server and are  queried by the  BMI server itself.  However,
  you can also  pass opt-in data  for each recipient  from the
  MTA to the  BMI server. This  is particularly useful  if you
  already look  up recipient  data in  Exim anyway  (which can
  also be  stored in  a SQL  database or  other source).  This
  implementation enables you  to pass opt-in  data to the  BMI
  server  in  the  RCPT   ACL.  This  works  by   setting  the
  'bmi_optin' modifier in  a block of  that ACL. If  should be
  set to a list  of comma-separated strings that  identify the
  features which the BMI server should use for that particular
  recipient. Ideally, you  would use the  'bmi_optin' modifier
  in the same  ACL block where  you set the  'bmi_run' control
  flag. Here is an example that will pull opt-in data for each
  recipient      from       a      flat       file      called
  '/etc/exim/bmi_optin_data'.

  The file format:

    user1@mydomain.com: <OPTIN STRING1>:<OPTIN STRING2>
    user2@thatdomain.com: <OPTIN STRING3>


  The example:

    accept  domains       = +relay_to_domains
            endpass
            verify        = recipient
            bmi_optin     = ${lookup{$local_part@$domain}lsearch{/etc/exim/bmi_optin_data}}
            control       = bmi_run

  Of course,  you can  also use  any other  lookup method that
  Exim supports, including LDAP, Postgres, MySQL, Oracle etc.,
  as long as  the result is  a list of  colon-separated opt-in
  strings.

  For a list of available opt-in strings, please contact  your
  Brightmail representative.




Sender Policy Framework (SPF) support
--------------------------------------------------------------

To learn  more  about  SPF, visit   http://www.openspf.org. This
document does   not explain  the SPF  fundamentals, you should
read and understand the implications of deploying SPF on  your
system before doing so.

SPF support is added via the libspf2 library. Visit

  http://www.libspf2.org/

to obtain  a copy,  then compile  and install  it. By default,
this will  put headers  in /usr/local/include  and the  static
library in /usr/local/lib.

To compile Exim with SPF support, set these additional flags in
Local/Makefile:

EXPERIMENTAL_SPF=yes
CFLAGS=-DSPF -I/usr/local/include
EXTRALIBS_EXIM=-L/usr/local/lib -lspf2

This assumes   that the   libspf2 files   are installed  in
their default locations.

You can now run SPF checks in incoming SMTP by using the "spf"
ACL condition  in either  the MAIL,  RCPT or  DATA ACLs.  When
using it in the RCPT ACL, you can make the checks dependent on
the RCPT  address (or  domain), so  you can  check SPF records
only  for   certain  target   domains.  This   gives  you  the
possibility  to opt-out  certain customers  that do  not want
their mail to be subject to SPF checking.

The spf condition  takes a list  of strings on  its right-hand
side. These strings describe the outcome of the SPF check  for
which the spf condition should succeed. Valid strings are:

  o pass      The SPF check passed, the sending host
              is positively verified by SPF.
  o fail      The SPF check failed, the sending host
              is NOT allowed to send mail for the domain
              in the envelope-from address.
  o softfail  The SPF check failed, but the queried
              domain can't absolutely confirm that this
              is a forgery.
  o none      The queried domain does not publish SPF
              records.
  o neutral   The SPF check returned a "neutral" state.
              This means the queried domain has published
              a SPF record, but wants to allow outside
              servers to send mail under its domain as well.
              This should be treated like "none".
  o permerror This indicates a syntax error in the SPF
              record of the queried domain. You may deny
              messages when this occurs. (Changed in 4.83)
  o temperror This indicates a temporary error during all
              processing, including Exim's SPF processing.
              You may defer messages when this occurs.
              (Changed in 4.83)
  o err_temp  Same as permerror, deprecated in 4.83, will be
              removed in a future release.
  o err_perm  Same as temperror, deprecated in 4.83, will be
              removed in a future release.

You can prefix each string with an exclamation mark to  invert
its meaning,  for example  "!fail" will  match all  results but
"fail".  The  string  list is  evaluated  left-to-right,  in a
short-circuit fashion.  When a  string matches  the outcome of
the SPF check, the condition  succeeds. If none of the  listed
strings matches the  outcome of the  SPF check, the  condition
fails.

Here is an example to fail forgery attempts from domains that
publish SPF records:

/* -----------------
deny message = $sender_host_address is not allowed to send mail from ${if def:sender_address_domain {$sender_address_domain}{$sender_helo_name}}.  \
              Please see http://www.openspf.org/Why?scope=${if def:sender_address_domain {mfrom}{helo}};identity=${if def:sender_address_domain {$sender_address}{$sender_helo_name}};ip=$sender_host_address
     spf = fail
--------------------- */

You can also give special treatment to specific domains:

/* -----------------
deny message = AOL sender, but not from AOL-approved relay.
     sender_domains = aol.com
     spf = fail:neutral
--------------------- */

Explanation: AOL  publishes SPF  records, but  is liberal  and
still allows  non-approved relays  to send  mail from aol.com.
This will result in a "neutral" state, while mail from genuine
AOL servers  will result  in "pass".  The example  above takes
this into account and  treats "neutral" like "fail",  but only
for aol.com. Please note that this violates the SPF draft.

When the spf condition has run, it sets up several expansion
variables.

  $spf_header_comment
  This contains a human-readable string describing the outcome
  of the SPF check. You can add it to a custom header or use
  it for logging purposes.

  $spf_received
  This contains a complete Received-SPF: header that can be
  added to the message. Please note that according to the SPF
  draft, this header must be added at the top of the header
  list. Please see section 10 on how you can do this.

  Note: in case of "Best-guess" (see below), the convention is
  to put this string in a header called X-SPF-Guess: instead.

  $spf_result
  This contains the outcome of the SPF check in string form,
  one of pass, fail, softfail, none, neutral, permerror or
  temperror.

  $spf_smtp_comment
  This contains a string that can be used in a SMTP response
  to the calling party. Useful for "fail".

In addition to SPF, you can also perform checks for so-called
"Best-guess".  Strictly speaking, "Best-guess" is not standard
SPF, but it is supported by the same framework that enables SPF
capability.  Refer to http://www.openspf.org/FAQ/Best_guess_record
for a description of what it means.

To access this feature, simply use the spf_guess condition in place
of the spf one.  For example:

/* -----------------
deny message = $sender_host_address doesn't look trustworthy to me
     spf_guess = fail
--------------------- */

In case you decide to reject messages based on this check, you
should note that although it uses the same framework, "Best-guess"
is NOT SPF, and therefore you should not mention SPF at all in your
reject message.

When the spf_guess condition has run, it sets up the same expansion
variables as when spf condition is run, described above.

Additionally, since Best-guess is not standardized, you may redefine
what "Best-guess" means to you by redefining spf_guess variable in
global config.  For example, the following:

/* -----------------
spf_guess = v=spf1 a/16 mx/16 ptr ?all
--------------------- */

would relax host matching rules to a broader network range.


SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support
--------------------------------------------------------------

Exiscan  currently  includes SRS  support  via Miles  Wilton's
libsrs_alt library. The current version of the supported
library is 0.5.

In order to  use SRS, you  must get a  copy of libsrs_alt from

http://srs.mirtol.com/

Unpack the tarball, then refer to MTAs/README.EXIM
to proceed. You need to set

EXPERIMENTAL_SRS=yes

in your Local/Makefile.


DCC Support
--------------------------------------------------------------

*) Building exim

In order to build exim with DCC support add

EXPERIMENTAL_DCC=yes

to your Makefile. (Re-)build/install exim. exim -d should show
EXPERIMENTAL_DCC under "Support for".


*) Configuration

In the main section of exim.cf add at least
  dccifd_address = /usr/local/dcc/var/dccifd
or
  dccifd_address = <ip> <port>

In the DATA ACL you can use the new condition
        dcc = *

After that "$dcc_header" contains the X-DCC-Header.

Return values are:
  fail    for overall "R", "G" from dccifd
  defer   for overall "T" from dccifd
  accept  for overall "A", "S" from dccifd

dcc = */defer_ok works as for spamd.

The "$dcc_result" variable contains the overall result from DCC
answer.  There will an X-DCC: header added to the mail.

Usually you'll use
  defer   !dcc = *
to greylist with DCC.

If you set, in the main section,
  dcc_direct_add_header = true
then the dcc header will be added "in deep" and if the spool
file was already written it gets removed. This forces Exim to
write it again if needed.  This helps to get the DCC Header
through to eg. SpamAssassin.

If you want to pass even more headers in the middle of the
DATA stage you can set
  $acl_m_dcc_add_header
to tell the DCC routines to add more information; eg, you might set
this to some results from ClamAV.  Be careful.  Header syntax is
not checked and is added "as is".

In case you've troubles with sites sending the same queue items from several
hosts and fail to get through greylisting you can use
$acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip

Setting $acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip to an IP address overrides the default
of $sender_host_address. eg. use the following ACL in DATA stage:

  warn    set acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip = \
    ${lookup{$sender_helo_name}nwildlsearch{/etc/mail/multipleip_sites}{$value}{}}
          condition = ${if def:acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip}
          log_message = dbg: acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip set to \
                        $acl_m_dcc_override_client_ip

Then set something like
# cat /etc/mail/multipleip_sites
mout-xforward.gmx.net           82.165.159.12
mout.gmx.net                    212.227.15.16

Use a reasonable IP. eg. one the sending cluster acutally uses.

DMARC Support
--------------------------------------------------------------

DMARC combines feedback from SPF, DKIM, and header From: in order
to attempt to provide better indicators of the authenticity of an
email.  This document does not explain the fundamentals, you
should read and understand how it works by visiting the website at
http://www.dmarc.org/.

DMARC support is added via the libopendmarc library.  Visit:

  http://sourceforge.net/projects/opendmarc/

to obtain a copy, or find it in your favorite rpm package
repository.  If building from source, this description assumes
that headers will be in /usr/local/include, and that the libraries
are in /usr/local/lib.

1. To compile Exim with DMARC support, you must first enable SPF.
Please read the above section on enabling the EXPERIMENTAL_SPF
feature.  You must also have DKIM support, so you cannot set the
DISABLE_DKIM feature.  Once both of those conditions have been met
you can enable DMARC in Local/Makefile:

EXPERIMENTAL_DMARC=yes
LDFLAGS += -lopendmarc
# CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
# LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib

The first line sets the feature to include the correct code, and
the second line says to link the libopendmarc libraries into the
exim binary.  The commented out lines should be uncommented if you
built opendmarc from source and installed in the default location.
Adjust the paths if you installed them elsewhere, but you do not
need to uncomment them if an rpm (or you) installed them in the
package controlled locations (/usr/include and /usr/lib).


2. Use the following global settings to configure DMARC:

Required:
dmarc_tld_file      Defines the location of a text file of valid
                    top level domains the opendmarc library uses
                    during domain parsing. Maintained by Mozilla,
                    the most current version can be downloaded
                    from a link at http://publicsuffix.org/list/.

Optional:
dmarc_history_file  Defines the location of a file to log results
                    of dmarc verification on inbound emails. The
                    contents are importable by the opendmarc tools
                    which will manage the data, send out DMARC
                    reports, and expire the data. Make sure the
                    directory of this file is writable by the user
                    exim runs as.

dmarc_forensic_sender The email address to use when sending a
                    forensic report detailing alignment failures
                    if a sender domain's dmarc record specifies it
                    and you have configured Exim to send them.
                    Default: do-not-reply@$default_hostname


3. By default, the DMARC processing will run for any remote,
non-authenticated user.  It makes sense to only verify DMARC
status of messages coming from remote, untrusted sources.  You can
use standard conditions such as hosts, senders, etc, to decide that
DMARC verification should *not* be performed for them and disable
DMARC with a control setting:

  control = dmarc_disable_verify

A DMARC record can also specify a "forensic address", which gives
exim an email address to submit reports about failed alignment.
Exim does not do this by default because in certain conditions it
results in unintended information leakage (what lists a user might
be subscribed to, etc).  You must configure exim to submit forensic
reports to the owner of the domain.  If the DMARC record contains a
forensic address and you specify the control statement below, then
exim will send these forensic emails.  It's also advised that you
configure a dmarc_forensic_sender because the default sender address
construction might be inadequate.

  control = dmarc_enable_forensic

(AGAIN: You can choose not to send these forensic reports by simply
not putting the dmarc_enable_forensic control line at any point in
your exim config.  If you don't tell it to send them, it will not
send them.)

There are no options to either control.  Both must appear before
the DATA acl.


4. You can now run DMARC checks in incoming SMTP by using the
"dmarc_status" ACL condition in the DATA ACL.  You are required to
call the spf condition first in the ACLs, then the "dmarc_status"
condition.  Putting this condition in the ACLs is required in order
for a DMARC check to actually occur.  All of the variables are set
up before the DATA ACL, but there is no actual DMARC check that
occurs until a "dmarc_status" condition is encountered in the ACLs.

The dmarc_status condition takes a list of strings on its
right-hand side.  These strings describe recommended action based
on the DMARC check.  To understand what the policy recommendations
mean, refer to the DMARC website above.  Valid strings are:

  o accept      The DMARC check passed and the library recommends
                accepting the email.
  o reject      The DMARC check failed and the library recommends
                rejecting the email.
  o quarantine  The DMARC check failed and the library recommends
                keeping it for further inspection.
  o none        The DMARC check passed and the library recommends
                no specific action, neutral.
  o norecord    No policy section in the DMARC record for this
                sender domain.
  o nofrom      Unable to determine the domain of the sender.
  o temperror   Library error or dns error.
  o off         The DMARC check was disabled for this email.

You can prefix each string with an exclamation mark to invert its
meaning, for example "!accept" will match all results but
"accept".  The string list is evaluated left-to-right in a
short-circuit fashion.  When a string matches the outcome of the
DMARC check, the condition succeeds.  If none of the listed
strings matches the outcome of the DMARC check, the condition
fails.

Of course, you can also use any other lookup method that Exim
supports, including LDAP, Postgres, MySQL, etc, as long as the
result is a list of colon-separated strings.

Several expansion variables are set before the DATA ACL is
processed, and you can use them in this ACL.  The following
expansion variables are available:

  o $dmarc_status
    This is a one word status indicating what the DMARC library
    thinks of the email.  It is a combination of the results of
    DMARC record lookup and the SPF/DKIM/DMARC processing results
    (if a DMARC record was found).  The actual policy declared
    in the DMARC record is in a separate expansion variable.

  o $dmarc_status_text
    This is a slightly longer, human readable status.

  o $dmarc_used_domain
    This is the domain which DMARC used to look up the DMARC
    policy record.

  o $dmarc_domain_policy
    This is the policy declared in the DMARC record.  Valid values
    are "none", "reject" and "quarantine".  It is blank when there
    is any error, including no DMARC record.

  o $dmarc_ar_header
    This is the entire Authentication-Results header which you can
    add using an add_header modifier.


5. How to enable DMARC advanced operation:
By default, Exim's DMARC configuration is intended to be
non-intrusive and conservative.  To facilitate this, Exim will not
create any type of logging files without explicit configuration by
you, the admin.  Nor will Exim send out any emails/reports about
DMARC issues without explicit configuration by you, the admin (other
than typical bounce messages that may come about due to ACL
processing or failure delivery issues).

In order to log statistics suitable to be imported by the opendmarc
tools, you need to:
a. Configure the global setting dmarc_history_file.
b. Configure cron jobs to call the appropriate opendmarc history
   import scripts and truncating the dmarc_history_file.

In order to send forensic reports, you need to:
a. Configure the global setting dmarc_forensic_sender.
b. Configure, somewhere before the DATA ACL, the control option to
   enable sending DMARC forensic reports.


6. Example usage:
(RCPT ACL)
  warn    domains        = +local_domains
          hosts          = +local_hosts
          control        = dmarc_disable_verify

  warn    !domains       = +screwed_up_dmarc_records
          control        = dmarc_enable_forensic

  warn    condition      = (lookup if destined to mailing list)
          set acl_m_mailing_list = 1

(DATA ACL)
  warn    dmarc_status   = accept : none : off
          !authenticated = *
          log_message    = DMARC DEBUG: $dmarc_status $dmarc_used_domain
          add_header     = $dmarc_ar_header

  warn    dmarc_status   = !accept
          !authenticated = *
          log_message    = DMARC DEBUG: '$dmarc_status' for $dmarc_used_domain

  warn    dmarc_status   = quarantine
          !authenticated = *
          set $acl_m_quarantine = 1
          # Do something in a transport with this flag variable

  deny    condition      = ${if eq{$dmarc_domain_policy}{reject}}
          condition      = ${if eq{$acl_m_mailing_list}{1}}
          message        = Messages from $dmarc_used_domain break mailing lists

  deny    dmarc_status   = reject
          !authenticated = *
          message        = Message from $dmarc_used_domain failed sender's DMARC policy, REJECT



Event Actions
--------------------------------------------------------------

(Renamed from TPDA, Transport post-delivery actions)

An arbitrary per-transport string can be expanded upon various transport events.
Additionally a main-section configuration option can be expanded on some
per-message events.
This feature may be used, for example, to write exim internal log information
(not available otherwise) into a database.

In order to use the feature, you must compile with

EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT=yes

in your Local/Makefile

and define one or both of
- the event_action option in the transport
- the event_action main option
to be expanded when the event fires.

A new variable, $event_name, is set to the event type when the
expansion is done.  The current list of events is:

 msg:complete           after  main       per message
 msg:delivery           after  transport  per recipient
 msg:host:defer         after  transport  per attempt
 msg:fail:delivery      after  main       per recipient
 msg:fail:internal      after  main       per recipient
 tcp:connect            before transport  per connection
 tcp:close              after  transport  per connection
 tls:cert               before both       per certificate in verification chain
 smtp:connect           after  transport  per connection

The expansion is called for all event types, and should use the $event_name
value to decide when to act.  The variable data is a colon-separated
list, describing an event tree.

There is an auxilary variable, $event_data, for which the
content is event_dependent:

        msg:delivery            smtp confirmation mssage
        msg:host:defer          error string
        tls:cert                verification chain depth
        smtp:connect            smtp banner

The msg:host:defer event populates one extra variable, $event_defer_errno.

The following variables are likely to be useful depending on the event type:

        router_name, transport_name
        local_part, domain
        host, host_address, host_port
        tls_out_peercert
        lookup_dnssec_authenticated, tls_out_dane
        sending_ip_address, sending_port
        message_exim_id, verify_mode


An example might look like:

event_action = ${if eq {msg:delivery}{$event_name} \
{${lookup pgsql {SELECT * FROM record_Delivery( \
    '${quote_pgsql:$sender_address_domain}',\
    '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$sender_address_local_part}}', \
    '${quote_pgsql:$domain}', \
    '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$local_part}}', \
    '${quote_pgsql:$host_address}', \
    '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$host}}', \
    '${quote_pgsql:$message_exim_id}')}} \
} {}}

The string is expanded when each of the supported events occur
and any side-effects of the expansion will happen.
Note that for complex operations an ACL expansion can be used.


The expansion of the event_action option should normally
return an empty string.  Should it return anything else the
following will be forced:

        msg:delivery    (ignored)
        msg:host:defer  (ignored)
        msg:fail:delivery (ignored)
        tcp:connect     do not connect
        tcp:close       (ignored)
        tls:cert        refuse verification
        smtp:connect    close connection

No other use is made of the result string.


Known issues:
- the tls:cert event is only called for the cert chain elements
  received over the wire, with GnuTLS.  OpenSSL gives the entire
  chain including thse loaded locally.


Redis Lookup
--------------------------------------------------------------

Redis is open source advanced key-value data store. This document
does not explain the fundamentals, you should read and understand how
it works by visiting the website at http://www.redis.io/.

Redis lookup support is added via the hiredis library.  Visit:

  https://github.com/redis/hiredis

to obtain a copy, or find it in your operating systems package repository.
If building from source, this description assumes that headers will be in
/usr/local/include, and that the libraries are in /usr/local/lib.

1. In order to build exim with Redis lookup support add

EXPERIMENTAL_REDIS=yes

to your Local/Makefile. (Re-)build/install exim. exim -d should show
Experimental_Redis in the line "Support for:".

EXPERIMENTAL_REDIS=yes
LDFLAGS += -lhiredis
# CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
# LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib

The first line sets the feature to include the correct code, and
the second line says to link the hiredis libraries into the
exim binary.  The commented out lines should be uncommented if you
built hiredis from source and installed in the default location.
Adjust the paths if you installed them elsewhere, but you do not
need to uncomment them if an rpm (or you) installed them in the
package controlled locations (/usr/include and /usr/lib).


2. Use the following global settings to configure Redis lookup support:

Required:
redis_servers       This option provides a list of Redis servers
                    and associated connection data, to be used in
                    conjunction with redis lookups. The option is
                    only available if Exim is configured with Redis
                    support.

For example:

redis_servers = 127.0.0.1/10/ - using database 10 with no password
redis_servers = 127.0.0.1//password - to make use of the default database of 0 with a password
redis_servers = 127.0.0.1// - for default database of 0 with no password

3. Once you have the Redis servers defined you can then make use of the
experimental Redis lookup by specifying ${lookup redis{}} in a lookup query.

4. Example usage:

(Host List)
hostlist relay_from_ips = <\n ${lookup redis{SMEMBERS relay_from_ips}}

Where relay_from_ips is a Redis set which contains entries such as "192.168.0.0/24" "10.0.0.0/8" and so on.
The result set is returned as
192.168.0.0/24
10.0.0.0/8
..
.

(Domain list)
domainlist virtual_domains = ${lookup redis {HGET $domain domain}}

Where $domain is a hash which includes the key 'domain' and the value '$domain'.

(Adding or updating an existing key)
set acl_c_spammer = ${if eq{${lookup redis{SPAMMER_SET}}}{OK}}

Where SPAMMER_SET is a macro and it is defined as

"SET SPAMMER <some_value>"

(Getting a value from Redis)

set acl_c_spam_host = ${lookup redis{GET...}}


Proxy Protocol Support
--------------------------------------------------------------

Exim now has Experimental "Proxy Protocol" support.  It was built on
specifications from:
http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
Above URL revised May 2014 to change version 2 spec:
http://git.1wt.eu/web?p=haproxy.git;a=commitdiff;h=afb768340c9d7e50d8e

The purpose of this function is so that an application load balancer,
such as HAProxy, can sit in front of several Exim servers and Exim
will log the IP that is connecting to the proxy server instead of
the IP of the proxy server when it connects to Exim.  It resets the
$sender_address_host and $sender_address_port to the IP:port of the
connection to the proxy.  It also re-queries the DNS information for
this new IP address so that the original sender's hostname and IP
get logged in the Exim logfile.  There is no logging if a host passes or
fails Proxy Protocol negotiation, but it can easily be determined and
recorded in an ACL (example is below).

1. To compile Exim with Proxy Protocol support, put this in
Local/Makefile:

EXPERIMENTAL_PROXY=yes

2. Global configuration settings:

proxy_required_hosts = HOSTLIST

The proxy_required_hosts option will require any IP in that hostlist
to use Proxy Protocol. The specification of Proxy Protocol is very
strict, and if proxy negotiation fails, Exim will not allow any SMTP
command other than QUIT. (See end of this section for an example.)
The option is expanded when used, so it can be a hostlist as well as
string of IP addresses.  Since it is expanded, specifying an alternate
separator is supported for ease of use with IPv6 addresses.

To log the IP of the proxy in the incoming logline, add:
  log_selector = +proxy

A default incoming logline (wrapped for appearance) will look like this:

  2013-11-04 09:25:06 1VdNti-0001OY-1V <= me@example.net
  H=mail.example.net [1.2.3.4] P=esmtp S=433

With the log selector enabled, an email that was proxied through a
Proxy Protocol server at 192.168.1.2 will look like this:

  2013-11-04 09:25:06 1VdNti-0001OY-1V <= me@example.net
  H=mail.example.net [1.2.3.4] P=esmtp PRX=192.168.1.2 S=433

3. In the ACL's the following expansion variables are available.

proxy_host_address   The (internal) src IP of the proxy server
                     making the connection to the Exim server.
proxy_host_port      The (internal) src port the proxy server is
                     using to connect to the Exim server.
proxy_target_address The dest (public) IP of the remote host to
                     the proxy server.
proxy_target_port    The dest port the remote host is using to
                     connect to the proxy server.
proxy_session        Boolean, yes/no, the connected host is required
                     to use Proxy Protocol.

There is no expansion for a failed proxy session, however you can detect
it by checking if $proxy_session is true but $proxy_host is empty.  As
an example, in my connect ACL, I have:

  warn    condition      = ${if and{ {bool{$proxy_session}} \
                                     {eq{$proxy_host_address}{}} } }
          log_message    = Failed required proxy protocol negotiation \
                           from $sender_host_name [$sender_host_address]

  warn    condition      = ${if and{ {bool{$proxy_session}} \
                                     {!eq{$proxy_host_address}{}} } }
          # But don't log health probes from the proxy itself
          condition      = ${if eq{$proxy_host_address}{$sender_host_address} \
                                {false}{true}}
          log_message    = Successfully proxied from $sender_host_name \
                           [$sender_host_address] through proxy protocol \
                           host $proxy_host_address

  # Possibly more clear
  warn logwrite = Remote Source Address: $sender_host_address:$sender_host_port
       logwrite = Proxy Target Address: $proxy_target_address:$proxy_target_port
       logwrite = Proxy Internal Address: $proxy_host_address:$proxy_host_port
       logwrite = Internal Server Address: $received_ip_address:$received_port


4. Recommended ACL additions:
   - Since the real connections are all coming from your proxy, and the
     per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is
     evaluated, smtp_accept_max_per_host must be set high enough to
     handle all of the parallel volume you expect per inbound proxy.
   - With the smtp_accept_max_per_host set so high, you lose the ability
     to protect your server from massive numbers of inbound connections
     from one IP.  In order to prevent your server from being DOS'd, you
     need to add a per connection ratelimit to your connect ACL.  I
     suggest something like this:

  # Set max number of connections per host
  LIMIT   = 5
  # Or do some kind of IP lookup in a flat file or database
  # LIMIT = ${lookup{$sender_host_address}iplsearch{/etc/exim/proxy_limits}}

  defer   message        = Too many connections from this IP right now
          ratelimit      = LIMIT / 5s / per_conn / strict


5. Runtime issues to be aware of:
   - The proxy has 3 seconds (hard-coded in the source code) to send the
     required Proxy Protocol header after it connects.  If it does not,
     the response to any commands will be:
     "503 Command refused, required Proxy negotiation failed"
   - If the incoming connection is configured in Exim to be a Proxy
     Protocol host, but the proxy is not sending the header, the banner
     does not get sent until the timeout occurs.  If the sending host
     sent any input (before the banner), this causes a standard Exim
     synchronization error (i.e. trying to pipeline before PIPELINING
     was advertised).
   - This is not advised, but is mentioned for completeness if you have
     a specific internal configuration that you want this:  If the Exim
     server only has an internal IP address and no other machines in your
     organization will connect to it to try to send email, you may
     simply set the hostlist to "*", however, this will prevent local
     mail programs from working because that would require mail from
     localhost to use Proxy Protocol.  Again, not advised!

6. Example of a refused connection because the Proxy Protocol header was
not sent from a host configured to use Proxy Protocol.  In the example,
the 3 second timeout occurred (when a Proxy Protocol banner should have
been sent), the banner was displayed to the user, but all commands are
rejected except for QUIT:

# nc mail.example.net 25
220-mail.example.net, ESMTP Exim 4.82+proxy, Mon, 04 Nov 2013 10:45:59
220 -0800 RFC's enforced
EHLO localhost
503 Command refused, required Proxy negotiation failed
QUIT
221 mail.example.net closing connection




SOCKS
------------------------------------------------------------
Support for proxying outbound SMTP via a Socks 5 proxy
(RFC 1928) is included if Exim is compiled with
EXPERIMENTAL_SOCKS defined.

If an smtp transport has a nonempty socks_proxy option
defined, this is active.  The option is expanded and
should be a list (colon-separated by default) of
proxy specifiers.  Each proxy specifier is a list
(space-separated by default) where the initial element
is an IP address and any subsequent elements are options.

Options are a string <name>=<value>.
These options are currently defined:
- "auth", with possible values "none" and "name".
  Using "name" selects username/password authentication
  per RFC 1929. Default is "none".
- "name" sets the authentication username. Default is empty.
- "pass" sets the authentication password. Default is empty.
- "port" sets the tcp port number for the proxy. Default is 1080.
- "tmo" sets a connection timeout in seconds for this proxy. Default is 5.

Proxies from the list are tried in order until
one responds.  The timeout for the overall connection
applies to the set of proxied attempts.

If events are used, the remote IP/port during a
tcp:connect event will be that of the proxy.




DANE
------------------------------------------------------------
DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities, as applied
to SMTP over TLS, provides assurance to a client that
it is actually talking to the server it wants to rather
than some attacker operating a Man In The Middle (MITM)
operation.  The latter can terminate the TLS connection
you make, and make another one to the server (so both
you and the server still think you have an encrypted
connection) and, if one of the "well known" set of
Certificate Authorities has been suborned - something
which *has* been seen already (2014), a verifiable
certificate (if you're using normal root CAs, eg. the
Mozilla set, as your trust anchors).

What DANE does is replace the CAs with the DNS as the
trust anchor.  The assurance is limited to a) the possibility
that the DNS has been suborned, b) mistakes made by the
admins of the target server.   The attack surface presented
by (a) is thought to be smaller than that of the set
of root CAs.

It also allows the server to declare (implicitly) that
connections to it should use TLS.  An MITM could simply
fail to pass on a server's STARTTLS.

DANE scales better than having to maintain (and
side-channel communicate) copies of server certificates
for every possible target server.  It also scales
(slightly) better than having to maintain on an SMTP
client a copy of the standard CAs bundle.  It also
means not having to pay a CA for certificates.

DANE requires a server operator to do three things:
1) run DNSSEC.  This provides assurance to clients
that DNS lookups they do for the server have not
been tampered with.  The domain MX record applying
to this server, its A record, its TLSA record and
any associated CNAME records must all be covered by
DNSSEC.
2) add TLSA DNS records.  These say what the server
certificate for a TLS connection should be.
3) offer a server certificate, or certificate chain,
in TLS connections which is traceable to the one
defined by (one of?) the TSLA records

There are no changes to Exim specific to server-side
operation of DANE.

The TLSA record for the server may have "certificate
usage" of DANE-TA(2) or DANE-EE(3).  The latter specifies
the End Entity directly, i.e. the certificate involved
is that of the server (and should be the sole one transmitted
during the TLS handshake); this is appropriate for a
single system, using a self-signed certificate.
  DANE-TA usage is effectively declaring a specific CA
to be used; this might be a private CA or a public,
well-known one.  A private CA at simplest is just
a self-signed certificate which is used to sign
cerver certificates, but running one securely does
require careful arrangement.  If a private CA is used
then either all clients must be primed with it, or
(probably simpler) the server TLS handshake must transmit
the entire certificate chain from CA to server-certificate.
If a public CA is used then all clients must be primed with it
(losing one advantage of DANE) - but the attack surface is
reduced from all public CAs to that single CA.
DANE-TA is commonly used for several services and/or
servers, each having a TLSA query-domain CNAME record,
all of which point to a single TLSA record.

The TLSA record should have a Selector field of SPKI(1)
and a Matching Type field of SHA2-512(2).

At the time of writing, https://www.huque.com/bin/gen_tlsa
is useful for quickly generating TLSA records; and commands like

  openssl x509 -in -pubkey -noout <certificate.pem \
  | openssl rsa -outform der -pubin 2>/dev/null \
  | openssl sha512 \
  | awk '{print $2}'

are workable for 4th-field hashes.

For use with the DANE-TA model, server certificates
must have a correct name (SubjectName or SubjectAltName).

The use of OCSP-stapling should be considered, allowing
for fast revocation of certificates (which would otherwise
be limited by the DNS TTL on the TLSA records).  However,
this is likely to only be usable with DANE-TA.  NOTE: the
default of requesting OCSP for all hosts is modified iff
DANE is in use, to:

  hosts_request_ocsp = ${if or { {= {0}{$tls_out_tlsa_usage}} \
                                 {= {4}{$tls_out_tlsa_usage}} } \
                         {*}{}}

The (new) variable $tls_out_tlsa_usage is a bitfield with
numbered bits set for TLSA record usage codes.
The zero above means DANE was not in use,
the four means that only DANE-TA usage TLSA records were
found. If the definition of hosts_request_ocsp includes the
string "tls_out_tlsa_usage", they are re-expanded in time to
control the OCSP request.

This modification of hosts_request_ocsp is only done if
it has the default value of "*".  Admins who change it, and
those who use hosts_require_ocsp, should consider the interaction
with DANE in their OCSP settings.


For client-side DANE there are two new smtp transport options,
hosts_try_dane and hosts_require_dane.  They do the obvious thing.
[ should they be domain-based rather than host-based? ]

DANE will only be usable if the target host has DNSSEC-secured
MX, A and TLSA records.

A TLSA lookup will be done if either of the above options match
and the host-lookup succeded using dnssec.
If a TLSA lookup is done and succeeds, a DANE-verified TLS connection
will be required for the host.

(TODO: specify when fallback happens vs. when the host is not used)

If DANE is requested and useable (see above) the following transport
options are ignored:
  hosts_require_tls
  tls_verify_hosts
  tls_try_verify_hosts
  tls_verify_certificates
  tls_crl
  tls_verify_cert_hostnames

If DANE is not usable, whether requested or not, and CA-anchored
verification evaluation is wanted, the above variables should be set
appropriately.

Currently dnssec_request_domains must be active (need to think about that)
and dnssec_require_domains is ignored.

If verification was successful using DANE then the "CV" item
in the delivery log line will show as "CV=dane".

There is a new variable $tls_out_dane which will have "yes" if
verification succeeded using DANE and "no" otherwise (only useful
in combination with EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT), and a new variable
$tls_out_tlsa_usage (detailed above).


--------------------------------------------------------------
End of file
--------------------------------------------------------------