X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/users/jgh/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/cf00dad6749f2b3c2ba9b1e02034b23944b7ee0c..433a298016c18052dae7554c6770013578e40be8:/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff diff --git a/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff b/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff index b2563f30c..bbf27010d 100644 --- a/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff +++ b/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -$Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff,v 1.33 2005/04/05 13:58:34 ph10 Exp $ +$Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff,v 1.76 2005/10/03 13:25:32 ph10 Exp $ New Features in Exim -------------------- @@ -8,6 +8,578 @@ but have not yet made it into the main manual (which is most conveniently updated when there is a relatively large batch of changes). The doc/ChangeLog file contains a listing of all changes, including bug fixes. +Exim version 4.54 +----------------- + +There was a problem with 4.52/TF/02 in that a "name=" option on control= +submission terminated at the next slash, thereby not allowing for slashes in +the name. This has been changed so that "name=" takes the rest of the string as +its data. It must therefore be the last option. + + + +Exim version 4.53 +----------------- + +TK/01 Added the "success_on_redirect" address verification option. When an + address generates new addresses during routing, Exim will abort + verification with "success" when more than one address has been + generated, but continue to verify a single new address. The latter + does not happen when the new "success_on_redirect" option is set, like + + require verify = recipient/success_on_redirect/callout=10s + + In that case, verification will succeed when a router generates a new + address. + +PH/01 Support for SQLite database lookups has been added. This is another + query-style lookup, but it is slightly different from the others because + a file name is required in addition to the SQL query. This is because an + SQLite database is a single file and there is no daemon as in other SQL + databases. The interface to Exim requires the name of the file, as an + absolute path, to be given at the start of the query. It is separated + from the query by white space. This means that the path name cannot + contain white space. Here is a lookup expansion example: + + ${lookup sqlite {/some/thing/sqlitedb \ + select name from aliases where id='ph10';}} + + In a list, the syntax is similar. For example: + + domainlist relay_domains = sqlite;/some/thing/sqlitedb \ + select * from relays where ip='$sender_host_address'; + + The only character affected by the ${quote_sqlite: operator is a single + quote, which it doubles. + + The SQLite library handles multiple simultaneous accesses to the database + internally. Multiple readers are permitted, but only one process can + update at once. Attempts to access the database while it is being updated + are rejected after a timeout period, during which the SQLite library + waits for the lock to be released. In Exim, the default timeout is set + to 5 seconds, but it can be changed by means of the sqlite_lock_timeout + option. + + Note that you must set LOOKUP_SQLITE=yes in Local/Makefile in order to + obtain SQLite support, and you will also need to add -lsqlite3 to the + EXTRALIBS setting. And of course, you have to install SQLite on your + host first. + +PH/02 The variable $message_id is now deprecated, to be replaced by + $message_exim_id, which makes it clearer which ID is being referenced. + +PH/03 The use of forbid_filter_existstest now also locks out the use of the + ${stat: expansion item. + +PH/04 The IGNOREQUOTA extension to the LMTP protocol is now available in both + the lmtp transport and the smtp transport running in LMTP mode. In the + lmtp transport there is a new Boolean option called ignore_quota, and in + the smtp transport there is a new Boolean option called + lmtp_ignore_quota. If either of these options is set TRUE, the string + "IGNOREQUOTA" is added to RCPT commands when using the LMTP protocol, + provided that the server has advertised support for IGNOREQUOTA in its + response to the LHLO command. + +PH/05 Previously, if "verify = helo" was set in an ACL, the condition was true + only if the host matched helo_try_verify_hosts, which caused the + verification to occur when the EHLO/HELO command was issued. The ACL just + tested the remembered result. Now, if a previous verification attempt has + not happened, "verify = helo" does it there and then. + +PH/06 It is now possible to specify a port number along with a host name or + IP address in the list of hosts defined in the manualroute or + queryprogram routers, fallback_hosts, or the "hosts" option of the smtp + transport. These all override any port specification on the transport. + The relatively standard syntax of using a colon separator has been + adopted, but there are some gotchas that need attention: + + * In all these lists of hosts, colon is the default separator, so either + the colon that specifies a port must be doubled, or the separator must + be changed. The following two examples have the same effect: + + fallback_hosts = host1.tld::1225 : host2.tld::1226 + fallback_hosts = <; host1.tld:1225 ; host2.tld:1226 + + * When IPv6 addresses are involved, it gets worse, because they contain + colons of their own. To make this case easier, it is permitted to + enclose an IP address (either v4 or v6) in square brackets if a port + number follows. Here's an example from a manualroute router: + + route_list = * "" and "MAIL FROM: <>". + +TF/01 There's a new script in util/ratelimit.pl which extracts sending + rates from log files, to assist with choosing appropriate settings + when deploying the ratelimit ACL condition. + +PH/13 A new letter, "H", is available in retry parameter sets. It is similar + to "G" (geometric increasing time intervals), except that the interval + before the next retry is randomized. Each time, the previous interval is + multiplied by the factor in order to get a maximum for the next interval. + The mininum interval is the first argument of the parameter, and an + actual interval is chosen randomly between them. Such a rule has been + found to be helpful in cluster configurations when all the members of the + cluster restart at once, and may synchronize their queue processing + times. + +PH/14 The options never_users, trusted_users, admin_groups, and trusted_groups + are now expanded when the configuration file is read. + + +Exim version 4.52 +----------------- + +TF/01 Support for checking Client SMTP Authorization has been added. CSA is a + system which allows a site to advertise which machines are and are not + permitted to send email. This is done by placing special SRV records in + the DNS, which are looked up using the client's HELO domain. At this + time CSA is still an Internet-Draft. + + Client SMTP Authorization checks are performed by the ACL condition + verify=csa. This will fail if the client is not authorized. If there is + a DNS problem, or if no valid CSA SRV record is found, or if the client + is authorized, the condition succeeds. These three cases can be + distinguished using the expansion variable $csa_status, which can take + one of the values "fail", "defer", "unknown", or "ok". The condition + does not itself defer because that would be likely to cause problems + for legitimate email. + + The error messages produced by the CSA code include slightly more + detail. If $csa_status is "defer" this may be because of problems + looking up the CSA SRV record, or problems looking up the CSA target + address record. There are four reasons for $csa_status being "fail": + the client's host name is explicitly not authorized; the client's IP + address does not match any of the CSA target IP addresses; the client's + host name is authorized but it has no valid target IP addresses (e.g. + the target's addresses are IPv6 and the client is using IPv4); or the + client's host name has no CSA SRV record but a parent domain has + asserted that all subdomains must be explicitly authorized. + + The verify=csa condition can take an argument which is the domain to + use for the DNS query. The default is verify=csa/$sender_helo_name. + + This implementation includes an extension to CSA. If the query domain + is an address literal such as [192.0.2.95], or if it is a bare IP + address, Exim will search for CSA SRV records in the reverse DNS as if + the HELO domain was e.g. 95.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. Therefore it is + meaningful to say, for example, verify=csa/$sender_host_address - in + fact, this is the check that Exim performs if the client does not say + HELO. This extension can be turned off by setting the main + configuration option dns_csa_use_reverse = false. + + If a CSA SRV record is not found for the domain itself, then a search + is performed through its parent domains for a record which might be + making assertions about subdomains. The maximum depth of this search is + limited using the main configuration option dns_csa_search_limit, which + takes the value 5 by default. Exim does not look for CSA SRV records in + a top level domain, so the default settings handle HELO domains as long + as seven (hostname.five.four.three.two.one.com) which encompasses the + vast majority of legitimate HELO domains. + + The dnsdb lookup also has support for CSA. Although dnsdb already + supports SRV lookups, this is not sufficient because of the extra + parent domain search behaviour of CSA, and (as with PTR lookups) + dnsdb also turns IP addresses into lookups in the reverse DNS space. + The result of ${lookup dnsdb {csa=$sender_helo_name} } has two + space-separated fields: an authorization code and a target host name. + The authorization code can be "Y" for yes, "N" for no, "X" for explicit + authorization required but absent, or "?" for unknown. + +PH/01 The amount of output produced by the "make" process has been reduced, + because the compile lines are often rather long, making it all pretty + unreadable. The new style is along the lines of the 2.6 Linux kernel: + just a short line for each module that is being compiled or linked. + However, it is still possible to get the full output, by calling "make" + like this: + + FULLECHO='' make -e + + The value of FULLECHO defaults to "@", the flag character that suppresses + command reflection in "make". When you ask for the full output, it is + given in addition to the the short output. + +TF/02 There have been two changes concerned with submission mode: + + Until now submission mode always left the return path alone, whereas + locally-submitted messages from untrusted users have the return path + fixed to the user's email address. Submission mode now fixes the return + path to the same address as is used to create the Sender: header. If + /sender_retain is specified then both the Sender: header and the return + path are left alone. + + Note that the changes caused by submission mode take effect after the + predata ACL. This means that any sender checks performed before the + fix-ups will use the untrusted sender address specified by the user, not + the trusted sender address specified by submission mode. Although this + might be slightly unexpected, it does mean that you can configure ACL + checks to spot that a user is trying to spoof another's address, for + example. + + There is also a new /name= option for submission mode which allows you + to specify the user's full name to be included in the Sender: header. + For example: + + accept authenticated = * + control = submission/name=${lookup {$authenticated_id} \ + lsearch {/etc/exim/namelist} } + + The namelist file contains entries like + + fanf: Tony Finch + + And the resulting Sender: header looks like + + Sender: Tony Finch + +TF/03 The control = fakereject ACL modifier now has a fakedefer counterpart, + which works in exactly the same way except it causes a fake SMTP 450 + response after the message data instead of a fake SMTP 550 response. + You must take care when using fakedefer because it will cause messages + to be duplicated when the sender retries. Therefore you should not use + fakedefer if the message will be delivered normally. + +TF/04 There is a new ratelimit ACL condition which can be used to measure + and control the rate at which clients can send email. This is more + powerful than the existing smtp_ratelimit_* options, because those + options only control the rate of commands in a single SMTP session, + whereas the new ratelimit condition works across all connections + (concurrent and sequential) to the same host. + + The syntax of the ratelimit condition is: + + ratelimit = /

/ / + + If the average client sending rate is less than m messages per time + period p then the condition is false, otherwise it is true. + + The parameter p is the smoothing time constant, in the form of an Exim + time interval e.g. 8h for eight hours. A larger time constant means it + takes Exim longer to forget a client's past behaviour. The parameter m is + the maximum number of messages that a client can send in a fast burst. By + increasing both m and p but keeping m/p constant, you can allow a client + to send more messages in a burst without changing its overall sending + rate limit. Conversely, if m and p are both small then messages must be + sent at an even rate. + + The key is used to look up the data used to calculate the client's + average sending rate. This data is stored in a database maintained by + Exim in its spool directory alongside the retry database etc. For + example, you can limit the sending rate of each authenticated user, + independent of the computer they are sending from, by setting the key + to $authenticated_id. The default key is $sender_host_address. + Internally, Exim includes the smoothing constant p and the options in + the lookup key because they alter the meaning of the stored data. + This is not true for the limit m, so you can alter the configured + maximum rate and Exim will still remember clients' past behaviour, + but if you alter the other ratelimit parameters Exim will effectively + forget their past behaviour. + + Each ratelimit condition can have up to two options. The first option + specifies what Exim measures the rate of, and the second specifies how + Exim handles excessively fast clients. The options are separated by a + slash, like the other parameters. + + The per_mail option means that it measures the client's rate of sending + messages. This is the default if none of the per_* options is specified. + + The per_conn option means that it measures the client's connection rate. + + The per_byte option limits the sender's email bandwidth. Note that it + is best to use this option in the DATA ACL; if it is used in an earlier + ACL it relies on the SIZE parameter on the MAIL command, which may be + inaccurate or completely missing. You can follow the limit m in the + configuration with K, M, or G to specify limits in kilobytes, + megabytes, or gigabytes respectively. + + The per_cmd option means that Exim recomputes the rate every time the + condition is processed, which can be used to limit the SMTP command rate. + The alias per_rcpt is provided for use in the RCPT ACL instead of per_cmd + to make it clear that the effect is to limit the rate at which recipients + are accepted. Note that in this case the rate limiting engine will see a + message with many recipients as a large high-speed burst. + + If a client's average rate is greater than the maximum, the rate + limiting engine can react in two possible ways, depending on the + presence of the strict or leaky options. This is independent of the + other counter-measures (e.g. rejecting the message) that may be + specified by the rest of the ACL. The default mode is leaky, which + avoids a sender's over-aggressive retry rate preventing it from getting + any email through. + + The strict option means that the client's recorded rate is always + updated. The effect of this is that Exim measures the client's average + rate of attempts to send email, which can be much higher than the + maximum. If the client is over the limit it will be subjected to + counter-measures until it slows down below the maximum rate. The + smoothing period determines the time it takes for a high sending rate + to decay exponentially to 37% of its peak value, which means that you + can work out the time (the number of smoothing periods) that a client + is subjected to counter-measures after an over-limit burst with the + formula ln(peakrate/maxrate). + + The leaky option means that the client's recorded rate is not updated + if it is above the limit. The effect of this is that Exim measures the + client's average rate of successfully sent email, which cannot be + greater than the maximum. If the client is over the limit it will + suffer some counter-measures, but it will still be able to send email + at the configured maximum rate, whatever the rate of its attempts. + + As a side-effect, the ratelimit condition will set the expansion + variables $sender_rate containing the client's computed rate, + $sender_rate_limit containing the configured value of m, and + $sender_rate_period containing the configured value of p. + + Exim's other ACL facilities are used to define what counter-measures + are taken when the rate limit is exceeded. This might be anything from + logging a warning (e.g. while measuring existing sending rates in order + to define our policy), through time delays to slow down fast senders, + up to rejecting the message. For example, + + # Log all senders' rates + warn + ratelimit = 0 / 1h / strict + log_message = Sender rate $sender_rate / $sender_rate_period + + # Slow down fast senders + warn + ratelimit = 100 / 1h / per_rcpt / strict + delay = ${eval: $sender_rate - $sender_rate_limit }s + + # Keep authenticated users under control + deny + ratelimit = 100 / 1d / strict / $authenticated_id + + # System-wide rate limit + defer + message = Sorry, too busy. Try again later. + ratelimit = 10 / 1s / $primary_hostname + + # Restrict incoming rate from each host, with a default rate limit + # set using a macro and special cases looked up in a table. + defer + message = Sender rate exceeds $sender_rate_limit \ + messages per $sender_rate_period + ratelimit = ${lookup {$sender_host_address} \ + cdb {DB/ratelimits.cdb} \ + {$value} {RATELIMIT} } + + Warning: if you have a busy server with a lot of ratelimit tests, + especially with the per_rcpt option, you may suffer from a performance + bottleneck caused by locking on the ratelimit hints database. Apart from + making your ACLs less complicated, you can reduce the problem by using a + RAM disk for Exim's hints directory, /var/spool/exim/db/. However this + means that Exim will lose its hints data after a reboot (including retry + hints, the callout cache, and ratelimit data). + +TK/01 Added an 'spf' lookup type that will return an SPF result for a given + email address (the key) and an IP address (the database): + + ${lookup {tom@duncanthrax.net} spf{217.115.139.137}} + + The lookup will return the same result strings as they can appear in + $spf_result (pass,fail,softfail,neutral,none,err_perm,err_temp). The + lookup is armored in EXPERIMENTAL_SPF. Currently, only IPv4 addresses + are supported. + + Patch submitted by Chris Webb . + +PH/02 There's a new verify callout option, "fullpostmaster", which first acts + as "postmaster" and checks the recipient . If that + fails, it tries just , without a domain, in accordance with + the specification in RFC 2821. + +PH/03 The action of the auto_thaw option has been changed. It no longer applies + to frozen bounce messages. + +TK/02 There are two new expansion items to help with the implementation of + the BATV "prvs" scheme in an Exim configuration: + + + ${prvs {

}{}{[KEYNUM]}} + + The "prvs" expansion item takes three arguments: A qualified RFC2821 + email address, a key and an (optional) key number. All arguments are + expanded before being used, so it is easily possible to lookup a key + and key number using the address as the lookup key. The key number is + optional and defaults to "0". The item will expand to a "prvs"-signed + email address, to be typically used with the "return_path" option on + a smtp transport. The decision if BATV should be used with a given + sender/recipient pair should be done on router level, to avoid having + to set "max_rcpt = 1" on the transport. + + + ${prvscheck {
}{}{}} + + The "prvscheck" expansion item takes three arguments. Argument 1 is + expanded first. When the expansion does not yield a SYNTACTICALLY + valid "prvs"-scheme address, the whole "prvscheck" item expands to + the empty string. If
is a "prvs"-encoded address after + expansion, two expansion variables are set up: + + $prvscheck_address Contains the "prvs"-decoded version of + the address from argument 1. + + $prvscheck_keynum Contains the key number extracted from + the "prvs"-address in argument 1. + + These two variables can be used in the expansion code of argument 2 + to retrieve the . The VALIDITY of the "prvs"-signed address + is then checked. The result is stored in yet another expansion + variable: + + $prvscheck_result Contains the result of a "prvscheck" + expansion: Unset (the empty string) for + failure, "1" for success. + + The "prvscheck" expansion expands to the empty string if
+ is not a SYNTACTICALLY valid "prvs"-scheme address. Otherwise, + argument 3 defines what "prvscheck" expands to: If argument 3 + is the empty string, "prvscheck" expands to the decoded version + of the address (no matter if it is CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY valid or not). + If argument 3 expands to a non-empty string, "prvscheck" expands + to that string. + + + Usage example + ------------- + + Macro: + + PRVSCHECK_SQL = ${lookup mysql{SELECT secret FROM batv_prvs WHERE \ + sender='${quote_mysql:$prvscheck_address}'}{$value}} + + RCPT ACL: + + # Bounces: drop unsigned addresses for BATV senders + deny message = This address does not send an unsigned reverse path. + senders = : + recipients = +batv_recipients + + # Bounces: In case of prvs-signed address, check signature. + deny message = Invalid reverse path signature. + senders = : + condition = ${prvscheck {$local_part@$domain}{PRVSCHECK_SQL}{1}} + !condition = $prvscheck_result + + Top-Level Router: + + batv_redirect: + driver = redirect + data = ${prvscheck {$local_part@$domain}{PRVSCHECK_SQL}{}} + + Transport (referenced by router that makes decision if + BATV is applicable): + + external_smtp_batv: + driver = smtp + return_path = ${prvs {$return_path} \ + {${lookup mysql{SELECT \ + secret FROM batv_prvs WHERE \ + sender='${quote_mysql:$sender_address}'} \ + {$value}fail}}} + +PH/04 There are two new options that control the retrying done by the daemon + at startup when it cannot immediately bind a socket (typically because + the socket is already in use). The default values reproduce what were + built-in constants previously: daemon_startup_retries defines the number + of retries after the first failure (default 9); daemon_startup_sleep + defines the length of time to wait between retries (default 30s). + +PH/05 There is now a new ${if condition called "match_ip". It is similar to + match_domain, etc. It must be followed by two argument strings. The first + (after expansion) must be an IP address or an empty string. The second + (after expansion) is a restricted host list that can match only an IP + address, not a host name. For example: + + ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8}{...}{...}} + + The specific types of host list item that are permitted in the list are + shown below. Consult the manual section on host lists for further + details. + + . An IP address, optionally with a CIDR mask. + + . A single asterisk matches any IP address. + + . An empty item matches only if the IP address is empty. This could be + useful for testing for a locally submitted message or one from specific + hosts in a single test such as + + ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{:4.3.2.1:...}{...}{...}} + + where the first item in the list is the empty string. + + . The item @[] matches any of the local host's interface addresses. + + . Lookups are assumed to be "net-" style lookups, even if "net-" is not + specified. Thus, the following are equivalent: + + ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{lsearch;/some/file}... + ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{net-lsearch;/some/file}... + + You do need to specify the "net-" prefix if you want to specify a + specific address mask, for example, by using "net24-". + +PH/06 The "+all" debug selector used to set the flags for all possible output; + it is something that people tend to use semi-automatically when + generating debug output for me or for the list. However, by including + "+memory", an awful lot of output that is very rarely of interest was + generated. I have changed this so that "+all" no longer includes + "+memory". However, "-all" still turns everything off. + Version 4.51 ------------ @@ -130,6 +702,57 @@ PH/06 Macros may now be defined or redefined between router, transport, driver or ACL, or in the local_scan, retry, or rewrite sections of the configuration. +PH/07 $acl_verify_message is now set immediately after the failure of a + verification in an ACL, and so is available in subsequent modifiers. In + particular, the message can be preserved by coding like this: + + warn !verify = sender + set acl_m0 = $acl_verify_message + + Previously, $acl_verify_message was set only while expanding "message" + and "log_message" when a very denied access. + +PH/08 The redirect router has two new options, sieve_useraddress and + sieve_subaddress. These are passed to a Sieve filter to specify the :user + and :subaddress parts of an address. Both options are unset by default. + However, when a Sieve filter is run, if sieve_useraddress is unset, the + entire original local part (including any prefix or suffix) is used for + :user. An unset subaddress is treated as an empty subaddress. + +PH/09 Quota values can be followed by G as well as K and M. + +PH/10 $message_linecount is a new variable that contains the total number of + lines in the header and body of the message. Compare $body_linecount, + which is the count for the body only. During the DATA and + content-scanning ACLs, $message_linecount contains the number of lines + received. Before delivery happens (that is, before filters, routers, and + transports run) the count is increased to include the Received: header + line that Exim standardly adds, and also any other header lines that are + added by ACLs. The blank line that separates the message header from the + body is not counted. Here is an example of the use of this variable in a + DATA ACL: + + deny message = Too many lines in message header + condition = \ + ${if <{250}{${eval: $message_linecount - $body_linecount}}} + + In the MAIL and RCPT ACLs, the value is zero because at that stage the + message has not yet been received. + +PH/11 In a ${run expansion, the variable $value (which contains the standard + output) is now also usable in the "else" string. + +PH/12 In a pipe transport, although a timeout while waiting for the pipe + process to complete was treated as a delivery failure, a timeout while + writing the message to the pipe was logged, but erroneously treated as a + successful delivery. Such timeouts include transport filter timeouts. For + consistency with the overall process timeout, these timeouts are now + treated as errors, giving rise to delivery failures by default. However, + there is now a new Boolean option for the pipe transport called + timeout_defer, which, if set TRUE, converts the failures into defers for + both kinds of timeout. A transport filter timeout is now identified in + the log output. + Version 4.50 ------------