X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/users/jgh/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/a4b62fcfa0fc6c06d453ffbe0a6fb43788d41fa1..f3d11401d1cf97be77dbaa3246e06d07809f48b5:/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt?ds=sidebyside

diff --git a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt
index 52c0f742a..3bd98cd71 100644
--- a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt
+++ b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt
@@ -6875,12 +6875,6 @@ ${lookup dnsdb{ptr=192.168.4.5}{$value}fail}
 If the data for a PTR record is not a syntactically valid IP address, it is not
 altered and nothing is added.
 
-.cindex "MX record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
-.cindex "SRV record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
-For an MX lookup, both the preference value and the host name are returned for
-each record, separated by a space. For an SRV lookup, the priority, weight,
-port, and host name are returned for each record, separated by spaces.
-
 For any record type, if multiple records are found (or, for A6 lookups, if a
 single record leads to multiple addresses), the data is returned as a
 concatenation, with newline as the default separator. The order, of course,
@@ -6893,6 +6887,16 @@ ${lookup dnsdb{>: a=host1.example}}
 It is permitted to specify a space as the separator character. Further
 white space is ignored.
 
+.cindex "MX record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
+.cindex "SRV record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
+For an MX lookup, both the preference value and the host name are returned for
+each record, separated by a space. For an SRV lookup, the priority, weight,
+port, and host name are returned for each record, separated by spaces.
+.new
+An alternate field separator can be specified using a comma after the main
+separator character, followed immediately by the field separator.
+.wen
+
 .cindex "TXT record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
 .cindex "SPF record" "in &(dnsdb)& lookup"
 For TXT records with multiple items of data, only the first item is returned,
@@ -7266,7 +7270,7 @@ default list of ldap servers, and a single lookup can specify a single ldap
 server to use.  But when you need to do a lookup with a list of servers that is
 different than the default list (maybe different order, maybe a completely
 different set of servers), the SERVERS parameter allows you to specify this
-alternate list.
+alternate list (colon-separated).
 
 Here is an example of an LDAP query in an Exim lookup that uses some of these
 values. This is a single line, folded to fit on the page:
@@ -7338,30 +7342,44 @@ If you specify multiple attributes, the result contains space-separated, quoted
 strings, each preceded by the attribute name and an equals sign. Within the
 quotes, the quote character, backslash, and newline are escaped with
 backslashes, and commas are used to separate multiple values for the attribute.
+.new
+Any commas in attribute values are doubled
+(permitting treatment of the values as a comma-separated list).
+.wen
 Apart from the escaping, the string within quotes takes the same form as the
 output when a single attribute is requested. Specifying no attributes is the
 same as specifying all of an entry's attributes.
 
+.new
 Here are some examples of the output format. The first line of each pair is an
 LDAP query, and the second is the data that is returned. The attribute called
-&%attr1%& has two values, whereas &%attr2%& has only one value:
+&%attr1%& has two values, one of them with an embedded comma, whereas
+&%attr2%& has only one value:
 .code
 ldap:///o=base?attr1?sub?(uid=fred)
-value1.1, value1.2
+value1.1,value1,,2
 
 ldap:///o=base?attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
 value two
 
 ldap:///o=base?attr1,attr2?sub?(uid=fred)
-attr1="value1.1, value1.2" attr2="value two"
+attr1="value1.1,value1,,2" attr2="value two"
 
 ldap:///o=base??sub?(uid=fred)
-objectClass="top" attr1="value1.1, value1.2" attr2="value two"
+objectClass="top" attr1="value1.1,value1,,2" attr2="value two"
 .endd
-The &%extract%& operator in string expansions can be used to pick out
-individual fields from data that consists of &'key'&=&'value'& pairs. You can
+.wen
+You can
 make use of Exim's &%-be%& option to run expansion tests and thereby check the
 results of LDAP lookups.
+The &%extract%& operator in string expansions can be used to pick out
+individual fields from data that consists of &'key'&=&'value'& pairs.
+.new
+The &%listextract%& operator should be used to pick out individual values
+of attributes, even when only a single value is expected.
+The doubling of embedded commas allows you to use the returned data as a
+comma separated list (using the "<," syntax for changing the input list separator).
+.wen
 
 
 
@@ -8921,8 +8939,10 @@ a right angle-bracket followed immediately by the new separator.
 Recognised RDN type labels include "CN", "O", "OU" and "DC".
 
 The field selectors marked as "time" above
-may output a number of seconds since epoch
-if the modifier "int" is used.
+take an optional modifier of "int"
+for which the result is the number of seconds since epoch.
+Otherwise the result is a human-readable string
+in the timezone selected by the main "timezone" option.
 
 The field selectors marked as "list" above return a list,
 newline-separated by default,
@@ -9680,6 +9700,37 @@ the regular expression from string expansion.
 
 
 
+.new
+.vitem &*${sort{*&<&'string'&>&*}{*&<&'comparator'&>&*}{*&<&'extractor'&>&*}}*&
+.cindex sorting a list
+.cindex list sorting
+After expansion, <&'string'&> is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by
+default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way.
+The <&'comparator'&> argument is interpreted as the operator
+of a two-argument expansion condition.
+The numeric operators plus ge, gt, le, lt (and ~i variants) are supported.
+The comparison should return true when applied to two values
+if the first value should sort before the second value.
+The <&'extractor'&> expansion is applied repeatedly to elements of the list,
+the element being placed in &$item$&,
+to give values for comparison.
+
+The item result is a sorted list,
+with the original list separator,
+of the list elements (in full) of the original.
+
+Examples:
+.code
+${sort{3:2:1:4}{<}{$item}}
+.endd
+sorts a list of numbers, and
+.code
+${sort {$lookup dnsdb{>:,,mx=example.com}} {<} {${listextract{1}{<,$item}}}}
+.endd
+will sort an MX lookup into priority order.
+.wen
+
+
 .vitem &*${substr{*&<&'string1'&>&*}{*&<&'string2'&>&*}{*&<&'string3'&>&*}}*&
 .cindex "&%substr%& expansion item"
 .cindex "substring extraction"
@@ -10997,12 +11048,10 @@ precedes the expansion of the string. For example, the commands available in
 Exim filter files include an &%if%& command with its own regular expression
 matching condition.
 
-.new
 .vitem "&$acl_arg1$&, &$acl_arg2$&, etc"
 Within an acl condition, expansion condition or expansion item
 any arguments are copied to these variables,
 any unused variables being made empty.
-.wen
 
 .vitem "&$acl_c...$&"
 Values can be placed in these variables by the &%set%& modifier in an ACL. They
@@ -11025,11 +11074,9 @@ message is received, the values of these variables are saved with the message,
 and can be accessed by filters, routers, and transports during subsequent
 delivery.
 
-.new
 .vitem &$acl_narg$&
 Within an acl condition, expansion condition or expansion item
 this variable has the number of arguments.
-.wen
 
 .vitem &$acl_verify_message$&
 .vindex "&$acl_verify_message$&"
@@ -11417,6 +11464,11 @@ the result, the name is not accepted, and &$host_lookup_deferred$& is set to
 .vindex "&$host_lookup_failed$&"
 See &$host_lookup_deferred$&.
 
+.vitem &$host_port$&
+.vindex "&$host_port$&"
+This variable is set to the remote host's TCP port whenever &$host$& is set
+for an outbound connection.
+
 
 .vitem &$inode$&
 .vindex "&$inode$&"
@@ -11663,7 +11715,7 @@ This variable is like &$message_headers$& except that no processing of the
 contents of header lines is done.
 
 .vitem &$message_id$&
-This is an old name for &$message_exim_id$&, which is now deprecated.
+This is an old name for &$message_exim_id$&. It is now deprecated.
 
 .vitem &$message_linecount$&
 .vindex "&$message_linecount$&"
@@ -12102,8 +12154,9 @@ the &%-bs%& or &%-bS%& options.
 
 .vitem &$sender_host_address$&
 .vindex "&$sender_host_address$&"
-When a message is received from a remote host, this variable contains that
-host's IP address. For locally submitted messages, it is empty.
+When a message is received from a remote host using SMTP,
+this variable contains that
+host's IP address. For locally non-SMTP submitted messages, it is empty.
 
 .vitem &$sender_host_authenticated$&
 .vindex "&$sender_host_authenticated$&"
@@ -12359,7 +12412,9 @@ If TLS has not been negotiated, the value will be 0.
 This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
 inbound connection when the message was received.
 It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+.new
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
+.wen
 or a &%def%& condition.
 
 .vitem &$tls_in_peercert$&
@@ -12367,21 +12422,27 @@ or a &%def%& condition.
 This variable refers to the certificate presented by the peer of an
 inbound connection when the message was received.
 It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+.new
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
+.wen
 or a &%def%& condition.
 
 .vitem &$tls_out_ourcert$&
 .vindex "&$tls_out_ourcert$&"
 This variable refers to the certificate presented to the peer of an
 outbound connection.  It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+.new
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
+.wen
 or a &%def%& condition.
 
 .vitem &$tls_out_peercert$&
 .vindex "&$tls_out_peercert$&"
 This variable refers to the certificate presented by the peer of an
 outbound connection.  It is only useful as the argument of a
-&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%& or &%sha1%& operator,
+.new
+&%certextract%& expansion item, &%md5%&, &%sha1%& or &%sha256%& operator,
+.wen
 or a &%def%& condition.
 
 .vitem &$tls_in_certificate_verified$&
@@ -12421,7 +12482,6 @@ and then set to the outgoing cipher suite if one is negotiated. See chapter
 &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS support and chapter &<<CHAPsmtptrans>>& for
 details of the &(smtp)& transport.
 
-.new
 .vitem &$tls_in_ocsp$&
 .vindex "&$tls_in_ocsp$&"
 When a message is received from a remote client connection
@@ -12439,7 +12499,6 @@ the result of any OCSP request from the client is encoded in this variable:
 When a message is sent to a remote host connection
 the result of any OCSP request made is encoded in this variable.
 See &$tls_in_ocsp$& for values.
-.wen
 
 .vitem &$tls_in_peerdn$&
 .vindex "&$tls_in_peerdn$&"
@@ -12536,6 +12595,13 @@ This variable contains the result of an expansion lookup, extraction operation,
 or external command, as described above. It is also used during a
 &*reduce*& expansion.
 
+.vitem &$verify_mode$&
+.vindex "&$verify_mode$&"
+While a router or transport is being run in verify mode
+or for cutthrough delivery,
+contains "S" for sender-verification or "R" for recipient-verification.
+Otherwise, empty.
+
 .vitem &$version_number$&
 .vindex "&$version_number$&"
 The version number of Exim.
@@ -14998,16 +15064,21 @@ yourself in the foot in various unpleasant ways.  This option should not be
 adjusted lightly.  An unrecognised item will be detected at startup, by
 invoking Exim with the &%-bV%& flag.
 
+The option affects Exim operating both as a server and as a client.
+
 Historical note: prior to release 4.80, Exim defaulted this value to
 "+dont_insert_empty_fragments", which may still be needed for compatibility
 with some clients, but which lowers security by increasing exposure to
 some now infamous attacks.
 
-An example:
+Examples:
 .code
 # Make both old MS and old Eudora happy:
 openssl_options = -all +microsoft_big_sslv3_buffer \
                        +dont_insert_empty_fragments
+
+# Disable older protocol versions:
+openssl_options = +no_sslv2 +no_sslv3
 .endd
 
 Possible options may include:
@@ -16428,9 +16499,11 @@ See &%tls_verify_hosts%& below.
 The value of this option is expanded, and must then be the absolute path to
 a file containing permitted certificates for clients that
 match &%tls_verify_hosts%& or &%tls_try_verify_hosts%&. Alternatively, if you
-are using OpenSSL, you can set &%tls_verify_certificates%& to the name of a
-directory containing certificate files. This does not work with GnuTLS; the
-option must be set to the name of a single file if you are using GnuTLS.
+are using either GnuTLS version 3.3.6 (or later) or OpenSSL,
+you can set &%tls_verify_certificates%& to the name of a
+directory containing certificate files.
+For earlier versions of GnuTLS
+the option must be set to the name of a single file.
 
 These certificates should be for the certificate authorities trusted, rather
 than the public cert of individual clients.  With both OpenSSL and GnuTLS, if
@@ -16806,6 +16879,48 @@ If the expansion fails (other than forced failure) delivery is deferred. Some
 of the other precondition options are common special cases that could in fact
 be specified using &%condition%&.
 
+.new
+Historical note: We have &%condition%& on ACLs and on Routers.  Routers
+are far older, and use one set of semantics.  ACLs are newer and when
+they were created, the ACL &%condition%& process was given far stricter
+parse semantics.  The &%bool{}%& expansion condition uses the same rules as
+ACLs.  The &%bool_lax{}%& expansion condition uses the same rules as
+Routers.  More pointedly, the &%bool_lax{}%& was written to match the existing
+Router rules processing behavior.
+
+This is best illustrated in an example:
+.code
+# If used in an ACL condition will fail with a syntax error, but
+# in a router condition any extra characters are treated as a string
+
+$ exim -be '${if eq {${lc:GOOGLE.com}} {google.com}} {yes} {no}}'
+true {yes} {no}}
+
+$ exim -be '${if eq {${lc:WHOIS.com}} {google.com}} {yes} {no}}'
+ {yes} {no}}
+.endd
+In each example above, the &%if%& statement actually ends after
+&"{google.com}}"&.  Since no true or false braces were defined, the
+default &%if%& behavior is to return a boolean true or a null answer
+(which evaluates to false). The rest of the line is then treated as a
+string. So the first example resulted in the boolean answer &"true"&
+with the string &" {yes} {no}}"& appended to it. The second example
+resulted in the null output (indicating false) with the string
+&" {yes} {no}}"& appended to it.
+
+In fact you can put excess forward braces in too.  In the router
+&%condition%&, Exim's parser only looks for &"{"& symbols when they
+mean something, like after a &"$"& or when required as part of a
+conditional.  But otherwise &"{"& and &"}"& are treated as ordinary
+string characters.
+
+Thus, in a Router, the above expansion strings will both always evaluate
+true, as the result of expansion is a non-empty string which doesn't
+match an explicit false value.  This can be tricky to debug.  By
+contrast, in an ACL either of those strings will always result in an
+expansion error because the result doesn't look sufficiently boolean.
+.wen
+
 
 .option debug_print routers string&!! unset
 .cindex "testing" "variables in drivers"
@@ -17679,6 +17794,7 @@ delivering in cutthrough mode
 or testing recipient verification using &%-bv%&.
 See section &<<SECTrouprecon>>& for a list of the order in which preconditions
 are evaluated.
+See also the &$verify_mode$& variable.
 
 
 .option verify_sender routers&!? boolean true
@@ -17686,6 +17802,7 @@ If this option is false, the router is skipped when verifying sender addresses
 or testing sender verification using &%-bvs%&.
 See section &<<SECTrouprecon>>& for a list of the order in which preconditions
 are evaluated.
+See also the &$verify_mode$& variable.
 .ecindex IIDgenoprou1
 .ecindex IIDgenoprou2
 
@@ -23164,7 +23281,7 @@ connecting, as an outbound SSL-on-connect, instead of using STARTTLS to upgrade.
 The Internet standards bodies strongly discourage use of this mode.
 
 
-.option retry_include_ip_address smtp boolean true
+.option retry_include_ip_address smtp boolean&!! true
 Exim normally includes both the host name and the IP address in the key it
 constructs for indexing retry data after a temporary delivery failure. This
 means that when one of several IP addresses for a host is failing, it gets
@@ -23174,9 +23291,8 @@ addresses is not affected.
 However, in some dialup environments hosts are assigned a different IP address
 each time they connect. In this situation the use of the IP address as part of
 the retry key leads to undesirable behaviour. Setting this option false causes
-Exim to use only the host name. This should normally be done on a separate
-instance of the &(smtp)& transport, set up specially to handle the dialup
-hosts.
+Exim to use only the host name.
+Since it is expanded it can be made to depend on the host or domain.
 
 
 .option serialize_hosts smtp "host list&!!" unset
@@ -23334,10 +23450,14 @@ certificate verification succeeds.
 .vindex "&$host_address$&"
 The value of this option must be the absolute path to a file containing
 permitted server certificates, for use when setting up an encrypted connection.
-Alternatively, if you are using OpenSSL, you can set
+Alternatively,
+if you are using either GnuTLS version 3.3.6 (or later) or OpenSSL,
+you can set
 &%tls_verify_certificates%& to the name of a directory containing certificate
-files. This does not work with GnuTLS; the option must be set to the name of a
-single file if you are using GnuTLS. The values of &$host$& and
+files.
+For earlier versions of GnuTLS the option must be set to the name of a
+single file.
+The values of &$host$& and
 &$host_address$& are set to the name and address of the server during the
 expansion of this option. See chapter &<<CHAPTLS>>& for details of TLS.
 
@@ -25396,9 +25516,7 @@ but it is present in many binary distributions.
 .scindex IIDdcotauth2 "authenticators" "&(dovecot)&"
 This authenticator is an interface to the authentication facility of the
 Dovecot POP/IMAP server, which can support a number of authentication methods.
-.new
 Note that Dovecot must be configured to use auth-client not auth-userdb.
-.wen
 If you are using Dovecot to authenticate POP/IMAP clients, it might be helpful
 to use the same mechanisms for SMTP authentication. This is a server
 authenticator only. There is only one option:
@@ -25821,7 +25939,8 @@ There are some differences in usage when using GnuTLS instead of OpenSSL:
 
 .ilist
 The &%tls_verify_certificates%& option must contain the name of a file, not the
-name of a directory (for OpenSSL it can be either).
+name of a directory for GnuTLS versions before 3.3.6
+(for later versions, or OpenSSL, it can be either).
 .next
 The default value for &%tls_dhparam%& differs for historical reasons.
 .next
@@ -26018,7 +26137,8 @@ The GnuTLS library allows the caller to provide a "priority string", documented
 as part of the &[gnutls_priority_init]& function.  This is very similar to the
 ciphersuite specification in OpenSSL.
 
-The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is treated as the GnuTLS priority string.
+The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is treated as the GnuTLS priority string
+and controls both protocols and ciphers.
 
 The &%tls_require_ciphers%& option is available both as an global option,
 controlling how Exim behaves as a server, and also as an option of the
@@ -26035,6 +26155,12 @@ installed on your system.  If you are using GnuTLS 3,
 &url(http://www.gnutls.org/manual/gnutls.html#Listing-the-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string, then the example code)
 on that site can be used to test a given string.
 
+For example:
+.code
+# Disable older versions of protocols
+tls_require_ciphers = NORMAL:%LATEST_RECORD_VERSION:-VERS-SSL3.0
+.endd
+
 Prior to Exim 4.80, an older API of GnuTLS was used, and Exim supported three
 additional options, "&%gnutls_require_kx%&", "&%gnutls_require_mac%&" and
 "&%gnutls_require_protocols%&".  &%tls_require_ciphers%& was an Exim list.
@@ -26085,8 +26211,11 @@ tls_privatekey = /some/file/name
 These options are, in fact, expanded strings, so you can make them depend on
 the identity of the client that is connected if you wish. The first file
 contains the server's X509 certificate, and the second contains the private key
-that goes with it. These files need to be readable by the Exim user, and must
-always be given as full path names. They can be the same file if both the
+that goes with it. These files need to be
+PEM format and readable by the Exim user, and must
+always be given as full path names.
+The key must not be password-protected.
+They can be the same file if both the
 certificate and the key are contained within it. If &%tls_privatekey%& is not
 set, or if its expansion is forced to fail or results in an empty string, this
 is assumed to be the case. The certificate file may also contain intermediate
@@ -26213,7 +26342,7 @@ an identically named option for the &(smtp)& transport. In each case, the value
 of the option is expanded and must then be the name of a file that contains a
 CRL in PEM format.
 The downside is that clients have to periodically re-download a potentially huge
-file from every certificate authority the know of.
+file from every certificate authority they know of.
 
 The way with most moving parts at query time is Online Certificate
 Status Protocol (OCSP), where the client verifies the certificate
@@ -26267,9 +26396,7 @@ file named by &%tls_ocsp_file%&.
 Note that the proof only covers the terminal server certificate,
 not any of the chain from CA to it.
 
-.new
 There is no current way to staple a proof for a client certificate.
-.wen
 
 .code
   A helper script "ocsp_fetch.pl" for fetching a proof from a CA
@@ -27634,6 +27761,11 @@ anyway. If the message contains newlines, this gives rise to a multi-line SMTP
 response.
 
 .vindex "&$acl_verify_message$&"
+.new
+For ACLs that are called by an &%acl =%& ACL condition, the message is
+stored in &$acl_verify_message$&, from which the calling ACL may use it.
+.wen
+
 If &%message%& is used on a statement that verifies an address, the message
 specified overrides any message that is generated by the verification process.
 However, the original message is available in the variable
@@ -28208,6 +28340,8 @@ can be appended; they appear within the called ACL in $acl_arg1 to $acl_arg9,
 and $acl_narg is set to the count of values.
 Previous values of these variables are restored after the call returns.
 The name and values are expanded separately.
+Note that spaces in complex expansions which are used as arguments
+will act as argument separators.
 
 If the nested &%acl%& returns &"drop"& and the outer condition denies access,
 the connection is dropped. If it returns &"discard"&, the verb must be
@@ -32421,6 +32555,9 @@ headers_remove = return-receipt-to:acknowledge-to
 Multiple &%headers_remove%& options for a single router or transport can be
 specified; the arguments will append to a single header-names list.
 Each item is separately expanded.
+Note that colons in complex expansions which are used to
+form all or part of a &%headers_remove%& list
+will act as list separators.
 
 When &%headers_add%& or &%headers_remove%& is specified on a router,
 items are expanded at routing time,
@@ -35174,9 +35311,11 @@ given message, or all mail for a given user, or for a given host, for example.
 The input files can be in Exim log format or syslog format.
 If a matching log line is not associated with a specific message, it is
 included in &'exigrep'&'s output without any additional lines. The usage is:
+.new
 .display
-&`exigrep [-t<`&&'n'&&`>] [-I] [-l] [-v] <`&&'pattern'&&`> [<`&&'log file'&&`>] ...`&
+&`exigrep [-t<`&&'n'&&`>] [-I] [-l] [-M] [-v] <`&&'pattern'&&`> [<`&&'log file'&&`>] ...`&
 .endd
+.wen
 If no log file names are given on the command line, the standard input is read.
 
 The &%-t%& argument specifies a number of seconds. It adds an additional
@@ -35196,6 +35335,21 @@ regular expression.
 The &%-v%& option inverts the matching condition. That is, a line is selected
 if it does &'not'& match the pattern.
 
+.new
+The &%-M%& options means &"related messages"&. &'exigrep'& will show messages
+that are generated as a result/response to a message that &'exigrep'& matched
+normally.
+
+Example of &%-M%&:
+user_a sends a message to user_b, which generates a bounce back to user_b. If
+&'exigrep'& is used to search for &"user_a"&, only the first message will be
+displayed.  But if &'exigrep'& is used to search for &"user_b"&, the first and
+the second (bounce) message will be displayed. Using &%-M%& with &'exigrep'&
+when searching for &"user_a"& will show both messages since the bounce is
+&"related"& to or a &"result"& of the first message that was found by the
+search term.
+.wen
+
 If the location of a &'zcat'& command is known from the definition of
 ZCAT_COMMAND in &_Local/Makefile_&, &'exigrep'& automatically passes any file
 whose name ends in COMPRESS_SUFFIX through &'zcat'& as it searches it.