X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/users/jgh/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/50aeabbc8bbe2c80d9503379b6613596fa826e02..8fd715e80d7848fa463f06951a42967bd7123756:/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt index 582eb6072..0815c0e4d 100644 --- a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt +++ b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt @@ -1647,6 +1647,7 @@ architecture and operating system for itself, but the defaults can be overridden if necessary. +.new .section "PCRE library" "SECTpcre" .cindex "PCRE library" Exim no longer has an embedded PCRE library as the vast majority of @@ -1654,10 +1655,14 @@ modern systems include PCRE as a system library, although you may need to install the PCRE or PCRE development package for your operating system. If your system has a normal PCRE installation the Exim build process will need no further configuration. If the library or the -headers are in an unusual location you will need to set the PCRE_LIBS -and INCLUDE directives appropriately. If your operating system has no +headers are in an unusual location you will need to either set the PCRE_LIBS +and INCLUDE directives appropriately, +or set PCRE_CONFIG=yes to use the installed &(pcre-config)& command. +If your operating system has no PCRE support then you will need to obtain and build the current PCRE from &url(ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/). +More information on PCRE is available at &url(http://www.pcre.org/). +.wen .section "DBM libraries" "SECTdb" .cindex "DBM libraries" "discussion of" @@ -3386,6 +3391,23 @@ This option acts like &%-bv%&, but verifies the address as a sender rather than a recipient address. This affects any rewriting and qualification that might happen. +.vitem &%-bw%& +.oindex "&%-bw%&" +.cindex "daemon" +.cindex "inetd" +.cindex "inetd" "wait mode" +This option runs Exim as a daemon, awaiting incoming SMTP connections, +similarly to the &%-bd%& option. All port specifications on the command-line +and in the configuration file are ignored. Queue-running may not be specified. + +In this mode, Exim expects to be passed a socket as fd 0 (stdin) which is +listening for connections. This permits the system to start up and have +inetd (or equivalent) listen on the SMTP ports, starting an Exim daemon for +each port only when the first connection is received. + +If the option is given as &%-bw%&<&'time'&> then the time is a timeout, after +which the daemon will exit, which should cause inetd to listen once more. + .vitem &%-C%&&~<&'filelist'&> .oindex "&%-C%&" .cindex "configuration file" "alternate" @@ -9522,9 +9544,10 @@ decimal, even if they start with a leading zero; hexadecimal numbers are not permitted. This can be useful when processing numbers extracted from dates or times, which often do have leading zeros. -A number may be followed by &"K"& or &"M"& to multiply it by 1024 or 1024*1024, +A number may be followed by &"K"&, &"M"& or &"G"& to multiply it by 1024, 1024*1024 +or 1024*1024*1024, respectively. Negative numbers are supported. The result of the computation is -a decimal representation of the answer (without &"K"& or &"M"&). For example: +a decimal representation of the answer (without &"K"&, &"M"& or &"G"&). For example: .display &`${eval:1+1} `& yields 2 @@ -9755,11 +9778,13 @@ dotted-quad decimal form, while for IPv6 addreses the result is in dotted-nibble hexadecimal form. In both cases, this is the "natural" form for DNS. For example, .code -${reverse_ip:192.0.2.4} and ${reverse_ip:2001:0db8:c42:9:1:abcd:192.0.2.3} +${reverse_ip:192.0.2.4} +${reverse_ip:2001:0db8:c42:9:1:abcd:192.0.2.3} .endd returns .code -4.2.0.192 and 3.0.2.0.0.0.0.c.d.c.b.a.1.0.0.0.9.0.0.0.2.4.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2 +4.2.0.192 +3.0.2.0.0.0.0.c.d.c.b.a.1.0.0.0.9.0.0.0.2.4.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2 .endd @@ -11895,7 +11920,8 @@ deliveries. When a TLS session is being established, if the client sends the Server Name Indication extension, the value will be placed in this variable. If the variable appears in &%tls_certificate%& then this option and -&%tls_privatekey%& will be re-expanded early in the TLS session, to permit +some others, described in &<>&, +will be re-expanded early in the TLS session, to permit a different certificate to be presented (and optionally a different key to be used) to the client, based upon the value of the SNI extension. @@ -12847,14 +12873,23 @@ See also the &'Policy controls'& section above. Those options that undergo string expansion before use are marked with †. -.option accept_8bitmime main boolean false +.new +.option accept_8bitmime main boolean true .cindex "8BITMIME" .cindex "8-bit characters" This option causes Exim to send 8BITMIME in its response to an SMTP EHLO command, and to accept the BODY= parameter on MAIL commands. However, though Exim is 8-bit clean, it is not a protocol converter, and it takes no steps to do anything special with messages received by this route. -Consequently, this option is turned off by default. + +Historically Exim kept this option off by default, but the maintainers +feel that in today's Internet, this causes more problems than it solves. +It now defaults to true. +A more detailed analysis of the issues is provided by Dan Bernstein: +.display +&url(http://cr.yp.to/smtp/8bitmime.html) +.endd +.wen .option acl_not_smtp main string&!! unset .cindex "&ACL;" "for non-SMTP messages" @@ -15633,8 +15668,8 @@ option in the relevant &(smtp)& transport. .new If the option contains &$tls_sni$& and Exim is built against OpenSSL, then if the OpenSSL build supports TLS extensions and the TLS client sends the -Server Name Indication extension, then this option and &%tls_privatekey%& -will be re-expanded. +Server Name Indication extension, then this option and others documented in +&<>& will be re-expanded. .wen .option tls_crl main string&!! unset @@ -15643,6 +15678,10 @@ will be re-expanded. This option specifies a certificate revocation list. The expanded value must be the name of a file that contains a CRL in PEM format. +.new +See &<>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded. +.wen + .option tls_dhparam main string&!! unset .cindex "TLS" "D-H parameters for server" @@ -15669,8 +15708,7 @@ key is assumed to be in the same file as the server's certificates. See chapter &<>& for further details. .new -See &%tls_certificate%& discussion of &$tls_sni$& for when this option may be -re-expanded. +See &<>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded. .wen @@ -15719,6 +15757,10 @@ connecting clients, defining the list of accepted certificate authorities. Thus the values defined should be considered public data. To avoid this, use OpenSSL with a directory. +.new +See &<>& for discussion of when this option might be re-expanded. +.wen + .option tls_verify_hosts main "host list&!!" unset .cindex "TLS" "client certificate verification" @@ -21801,12 +21843,15 @@ that are in force when the &%helo_data%&, &%hosts_try_auth%&, &%interface%&, .section "Use of $tls_cipher and $tls_peerdn" "usecippeer" +.vindex &$tls_bits$& .vindex &$tls_cipher$& .vindex &$tls_peerdn$& -At the start of a run of the &(smtp)& transport, the values of &$tls_cipher$& -and &$tls_peerdn$& are the values that were set when the message was received. +.vindex &$tls_sni$& +At the start of a run of the &(smtp)& transport, the values of &$tls_bits$&, +&$tls_cipher$&, &$tls_peerdn$& and &$tls_sni$& +are the values that were set when the message was received. These are the values that are used for options that are expanded before any -SMTP connections are made. Just before each connection is made, these two +SMTP connections are made. Just before each connection is made, these four variables are emptied. If TLS is subsequently started, they are set to the appropriate values for the outgoing connection, and these are the values that are in force when any authenticators are run and when the @@ -22394,6 +22439,8 @@ TLS session to pass this value as the Server Name Indication extension to the remote side, which can be used by the remote side to select an appropriate certificate and private key for the session. +See &<>& for more information. + OpenSSL only, also requiring a build of OpenSSL that supports TLS extensions. .wen @@ -24163,9 +24210,10 @@ login: server_prompts = Username:: : Password:: server_condition = ${if and{{ \ !eq{}{$auth1} }{ \ - ldapauth{user="cn=${quote_ldap_dn:$auth1},ou=people,o=example.org" \ - pass=${quote:$auth2} \ - ldap://ldap.example.org/} }} } + ldapauth{\ + user="uid=${quote_ldap_dn:$auth1},ou=people,o=example.org" \ + pass=${quote:$auth2} \ + ldap://ldap.example.org/} }} } server_set_id = uid=$auth1,ou=people,o=example.org .endd We have to check that the username is not empty before using it, because LDAP @@ -24923,6 +24971,13 @@ option). .next The &%tls_require_ciphers%& options operate differently, as described in the sections &<>& and &<>&. +.new +.next +Some other recently added features may only be available in one or the other. +This should be documented with the feature. If the documentation does not +explicitly state that the feature is infeasible in the other TLS +implementation, then patches are welcome. +.wen .endlist @@ -25319,9 +25374,12 @@ All the TLS options in the &(smtp)& transport are expanded before use, with which the client is connected. Forced failure of an expansion causes Exim to behave as if the relevant option were unset. +.vindex &$tls_bits$& .vindex &$tls_cipher$& .vindex &$tls_peerdn$& -Before an SMTP connection is established, the &$tls_cipher$& and &$tls_peerdn$& +.vindex &$tls_sni$& +Before an SMTP connection is established, the +&$tls_bits$&, &$tls_cipher$&, &$tls_peerdn$& and &$tls_sni$& variables are emptied. (Until the first connection, they contain the values that were set when the message was received.) If STARTTLS is subsequently successfully obeyed, these variables are set to the relevant values for the @@ -25329,6 +25387,76 @@ outgoing connection. +.new +.section "Use of TLS Server Name Indication" "SECTtlssni" +.cindex "TLS" "Server Name Indication" +.vindex "&$tls_sni$&" +.oindex "&%tls_sni%&" +With TLS1.0 or above, there is an extension mechanism by which extra +information can be included at various points in the protocol. One of these +extensions, documented in RFC 6066 (and before that RFC 4366) is +&"Server Name Indication"&, commonly &"SNI"&. This extension is sent by the +client in the initial handshake, so that the server can examine the servername +within and possibly choose to use different certificates and keys (and more) +for this session. + +This is analagous to HTTP's &"Host:"& header, and is the main mechanism by +which HTTPS-enabled web-sites can be virtual-hosted, many sites to one IP +address. + +With SMTP to MX, there are the same problems here as in choosing the identity +against which to validate a certificate: you can't rely on insecure DNS to +provide the identity which you then cryptographically verify. So this will +be of limited use in that environment. + +With SMTP to Submission, there is a well-defined hostname which clients are +connecting to and can validate certificates against. Thus clients &*can*& +choose to include this information in the TLS negotiation. If this becomes +wide-spread, then hosters can choose to present different certificates to +different clients. Or even negotiate different cipher suites. + +The &%tls_sni%& option on an SMTP transport is an expanded string; the result, +if not empty, will be sent on a TLS session as part of the handshake. There's +nothing more to it. Choosing a sensible value not derived insecurely is the +only point of caution. The &$tls_sni$& variable will be set to this string +for the lifetime of the client connection (including during authentication). + +Except during SMTP client sessions, if &$tls_sni$& is set then it is a string +received from a client. +It can be logged with the &%log_selector%& item &`+tls_sni`&. + +If the string &`tls_sni`& appears in the main section's &%tls_certificate%& +option (prior to expansion) then the following options will be re-expanded +during TLS session handshake, to permit alternative values to be chosen: + +.ilist +.vindex "&%tls_certificate%&" +&%tls_certificate%& +.next +.vindex "&%tls_crl%&" +&%tls_crl%& +.next +.vindex "&%tls_privatekey%&" +&%tls_privatekey%& +.next +.vindex "&%tls_verify_certificates%&" +&%tls_verify_certificates%& +.endlist + +Great care should be taken to deal with matters of case, various injection +attacks in the string (&`../`& or SQL), and ensuring that a valid filename +can always be referenced; it is important to remember that &$tls_sni$& is +arbitrary unverified data provided prior to authentication. + +The Exim developers are proceeding cautiously and so far no other TLS options +are re-expanded. + +Currently SNI support is only available if using OpenSSL, with TLS Extensions +support enabled therein. +.wen + + + .section "Multiple messages on the same encrypted TCP/IP connection" &&& "SECTmulmessam" .cindex "multiple SMTP deliveries with TLS" @@ -27824,14 +27952,14 @@ in the MAIL ACL. Subsequent connections from the same client will check this new rate. .code acl_check_connect: - deny ratelimit = 100 / 5m / readonly - log_message = RATE CHECK: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \ - (max $sender_rate_limit) + deny ratelimit = 100 / 5m / readonly + log_message = RATE CHECK: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \ + (max $sender_rate_limit) # ... acl_check_mail: - warn ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict - log_message = RATE UPDATE: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \ - (max $sender_rate_limit) + warn ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict + log_message = RATE UPDATE: $sender_rate/$sender_rate_period \ + (max $sender_rate_limit) .endd If Exim encounters multiple &%ratelimit%& conditions with the same key when @@ -34275,6 +34403,12 @@ End In order to see the contents of messages on the queue, and to operate on them, &'eximon'& must either be run as root or by an admin user. +The command-line parameters of &'eximon'& are passed to &_eximon.bin_& and may +contain X11 resource parameters interpreted by the X11 library. In addition, +if the first parameter starts with the string "gdb" then it is removed and the +binary is invoked under gdb (the parameter is used as the gdb command-name, so +versioned variants of gdb can be invoked). + The monitor's window is divided into three parts. The first contains one or more stripcharts and two action buttons, the second contains a &"tail"& of the main log file, and the third is a display of the queue of messages awaiting @@ -35289,10 +35423,15 @@ unqualified domain &'foundation'&. . //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// . //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// -.chapter "Support for DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) - RFC4871" "CHID12" &&& +.chapter "Support for DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)" "CHID12" &&& "DKIM Support" .cindex "DKIM" +DKIM is a mechanism by which messages sent by some entity can be provably +linked to a domain which that entity controls. It permits reputation to +be tracked on a per-domain basis, rather than merely upon source IP address. +DKIM is documented in RFC 4871. + Since version 4.70, DKIM support is compiled into Exim by default. It can be disabled by setting DISABLE_DKIM=yes in Local/Makefile. @@ -35313,9 +35452,12 @@ Exim's standard controls. Please note that verification of DKIM signatures in incoming mail is turned on by default for logging purposes. For each signature in incoming email, exim will log a line displaying the most important signature details, and the -signature status. Here is an example: +signature status. Here is an example (with line-breaks added for clarity): .code -2009-09-09 10:22:28 1MlIRf-0003LU-U3 DKIM: d=facebookmail.com s=q1-2009b c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1 i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded] +2009-09-09 10:22:28 1MlIRf-0003LU-U3 DKIM: + d=facebookmail.com s=q1-2009b + c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha1 + i=@facebookmail.com t=1252484542 [verification succeeded] .endd You might want to turn off DKIM verification processing entirely for internal or relay mail sources. To do that, set the &%dkim_disable_verify%& ACL @@ -35523,7 +35665,7 @@ for a match against the domain or identity that the ACL is currently verifying verb to a group of domains or identities. For example: .code -# Warn when message apparently from GMail has no signature at all +# Warn when Mail purportedly from GMail has no signature at all warn log_message = GMail sender without DKIM signature sender_domains = gmail.com dkim_signers = gmail.com @@ -35533,10 +35675,10 @@ warn log_message = GMail sender without DKIM signature .vitem &%dkim_status%& ACL condition that checks a colon-separated list of possible DKIM verification results agains the actual result of verification. This is typically used -to restrict an ACL verb to a list of verification outcomes, like: +to restrict an ACL verb to a list of verification outcomes, for example: .code -deny message = Message from Paypal with invalid or missing signature +deny message = Mail from Paypal with invalid/missing signature sender_domains = paypal.com:paypal.de dkim_signers = paypal.com:paypal.de dkim_status = none:invalid:fail