X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/users/jgh/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/0f06b4f296802e4e13188c740ea09419931a3020..b0d68adc8b45e42b425c23e7dbf195b772878b9a:/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt diff --git a/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt b/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt index 2f44fce26..993b5b05c 100644 --- a/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt +++ b/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt @@ -448,6 +448,17 @@ spf_guess = v=spf1 a/16 mx/16 ptr ?all would relax host matching rules to a broader network range. +A lookup expansion is also available. It takes an email +address as the key and an IP address as the database: + + $lookup (username@domain} spf {ip.ip.ip.ip}} + +The lookup will return the same result strings as they can appear in +$spf_result (pass,fail,softfail,neutral,none,err_perm,err_temp). +Currently, only IPv4 addresses are supported. + + + SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support -------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -469,6 +480,7 @@ in your Local/Makefile. DCC Support -------------------------------------------------------------- +Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse; http://www.rhyolite.com/dcc/ *) Building exim @@ -623,10 +635,10 @@ exim will send these forensic emails. It's also advised that you configure a dmarc_forensic_sender because the default sender address construction might be inadequate. - control = dmarc_forensic_enable + control = dmarc_enable_forensic (AGAIN: You can choose not to send these forensic reports by simply -not putting the dmarc_forensic_enable control line at any point in +not putting the dmarc_enable_forensic control line at any point in your exim config. If you don't tell it to send them, it will not send them.) @@ -755,405 +767,8 @@ b. Configure, somewhere before the DATA ACL, the control option to deny dmarc_status = reject !authenticated = * - message = Message from $domain_used_domain failed sender's DMARC policy, REJECT - - - -Transport post-delivery actions --------------------------------------------------------------- - -An arbitrary per-transport string can be expanded upon various transport events -and (for SMTP transports) a second string on deferrals caused by a host error. -Additionally a main-section configuration option can be expanded on some -per-message events. -This feature may be used, for example, to write exim internal log information -(not available otherwise) into a database. - -In order to use the feature, you must compile with - -EXPERIMENTAL_TPDA=yes - -in your Local/Makefile - -and define one or both of -- the tpda_event_action option in the transport -- the delivery_event_action -to be expanded when the event fires. - -A new variable, $tpda_event, is set to the event type when the -expansion is done. The current list of events is: - - msg:complete main per message - msg:delivery transport per recipient - msg:host:defer transport per attempt - msg:fail:delivery main per recipient - msg:fail:internal main per recipient - tcp:connect transport per connection - tcp:close transport per connection - tls:cert transport per certificate in verification chain - smtp:connect transport per connection - -The expansion is called for all event types, and should use the $tpda_event -value to decide when to act. The variable data is a colon-separated -list, describing an event tree. - -There is an auxilary variable, $tpda_data, for which the -content is event_dependent: - - msg:delivery smtp confirmation mssage - msg:host:defer error string - tls:cert verification chain depth - smtp:connect smtp banner - -The msg:host:defer event populates one extra variable, $tpda_defer_errno. - -The following variables are likely to be useful depending on the event type: - - router_name, transport_name - local_part, domain - host, host_address, host_port - tls_out_peercert - lookup_dnssec_authenticated, tls_out_dane - sending_ip_address, sending_port - message_exim_id - - -An example might look like: - -tpda_event_action = ${if = {msg:delivery}{$tpda_event} \ -{${lookup pgsql {SELECT * FROM record_Delivery( \ - '${quote_pgsql:$sender_address_domain}',\ - '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$sender_address_local_part}}', \ - '${quote_pgsql:$domain}', \ - '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$local_part}}', \ - '${quote_pgsql:$host_address}', \ - '${quote_pgsql:${lc:$host}}', \ - '${quote_pgsql:$message_exim_id}')}} \ -} {}} - -The string is expanded for each of the supported events and any -side-effects will happen. The result is then discarded. -Note that for complex operations an ACL expansion can be used. - - -The expansion of the tpda_event_action option should normally -return an empty string. Should it return anything else the -following will be forced: - - msg:delivery (ignored) - msg:host:defer (ignored) - msg:fail:delivery (ignored) - tcp:connect do not connect - tcp:close (ignored) - tls:cert refuse verification - smtp:connect close connection - - - - - -Redis Lookup --------------------------------------------------------------- - -Redis is open source advanced key-value data store. This document -does not explain the fundamentals, you should read and understand how -it works by visiting the website at http://www.redis.io/. - -Redis lookup support is added via the hiredis library. Visit: - - https://github.com/redis/hiredis - -to obtain a copy, or find it in your operating systems package repository. -If building from source, this description assumes that headers will be in -/usr/local/include, and that the libraries are in /usr/local/lib. - -1. In order to build exim with Redis lookup support add - -EXPERIMENTAL_REDIS=yes - -to your Local/Makefile. (Re-)build/install exim. exim -d should show -Experimental_Redis in the line "Support for:". - -EXPERIMENTAL_REDIS=yes -LDFLAGS += -lhiredis -# CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include -# LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib - -The first line sets the feature to include the correct code, and -the second line says to link the hiredis libraries into the -exim binary. The commented out lines should be uncommented if you -built hiredis from source and installed in the default location. -Adjust the paths if you installed them elsewhere, but you do not -need to uncomment them if an rpm (or you) installed them in the -package controlled locations (/usr/include and /usr/lib). - - -2. Use the following global settings to configure Redis lookup support: - -Required: -redis_servers This option provides a list of Redis servers - and associated connection data, to be used in - conjunction with redis lookups. The option is - only available if Exim is configured with Redis - support. + message = Message from $dmarc_used_domain failed sender's DMARC policy, REJECT -For example: - -redis_servers = 127.0.0.1/10/ - using database 10 with no password -redis_servers = 127.0.0.1//password - to make use of the default database of 0 with a password -redis_servers = 127.0.0.1// - for default database of 0 with no password - -3. Once you have the Redis servers defined you can then make use of the -experimental Redis lookup by specifying ${lookup redis{}} in a lookup query. - -4. Example usage: - -(Host List) -hostlist relay_from_ips = <\n ${lookup redis{SMEMBERS relay_from_ips}} - -Where relay_from_ips is a Redis set which contains entries such as "192.168.0.0/24" "10.0.0.0/8" and so on. -The result set is returned as -192.168.0.0/24 -10.0.0.0/8 -.. -. - -(Domain list) -domainlist virtual_domains = ${lookup redis {HGET $domain domain}} - -Where $domain is a hash which includes the key 'domain' and the value '$domain'. - -(Adding or updating an existing key) -set acl_c_spammer = ${if eq{${lookup redis{SPAMMER_SET}}}{OK}} - -Where SPAMMER_SET is a macro and it is defined as - -"SET SPAMMER " - -(Getting a value from Redis) - -set acl_c_spam_host = ${lookup redis{GET...}} - - -Proxy Protocol Support --------------------------------------------------------------- - -Exim now has Experimental "Proxy Protocol" support. It was built on -specifications from: -http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt -Above URL revised May 2014 to change version 2 spec: -http://git.1wt.eu/web?p=haproxy.git;a=commitdiff;h=afb768340c9d7e50d8e - -The purpose of this function is so that an application load balancer, -such as HAProxy, can sit in front of several Exim servers and Exim -will log the IP that is connecting to the proxy server instead of -the IP of the proxy server when it connects to Exim. It resets the -$sender_address_host and $sender_address_port to the IP:port of the -connection to the proxy. It also re-queries the DNS information for -this new IP address so that the original sender's hostname and IP -get logged in the Exim logfile. There is no logging if a host passes or -fails Proxy Protocol negotiation, but it can easily be determined and -recorded in an ACL (example is below). - -1. To compile Exim with Proxy Protocol support, put this in -Local/Makefile: - -EXPERIMENTAL_PROXY=yes - -2. Global configuration settings: - -proxy_required_hosts = HOSTLIST - -The proxy_required_hosts option will require any IP in that hostlist -to use Proxy Protocol. The specification of Proxy Protocol is very -strict, and if proxy negotiation fails, Exim will not allow any SMTP -command other than QUIT. (See end of this section for an example.) -The option is expanded when used, so it can be a hostlist as well as -string of IP addresses. Since it is expanded, specifying an alternate -separator is supported for ease of use with IPv6 addresses. - -To log the IP of the proxy in the incoming logline, add: - log_selector = +proxy - -A default incoming logline (wrapped for appearance) will look like this: - - 2013-11-04 09:25:06 1VdNti-0001OY-1V <= me@example.net - H=mail.example.net [1.2.3.4] P=esmtp S=433 - -With the log selector enabled, an email that was proxied through a -Proxy Protocol server at 192.168.1.2 will look like this: - - 2013-11-04 09:25:06 1VdNti-0001OY-1V <= me@example.net - H=mail.example.net [1.2.3.4] P=esmtp PRX=192.168.1.2 S=433 - -3. In the ACL's the following expansion variables are available. - -proxy_host_address The (internal) src IP of the proxy server - making the connection to the Exim server. -proxy_host_port The (internal) src port the proxy server is - using to connect to the Exim server. -proxy_target_address The dest (public) IP of the remote host to - the proxy server. -proxy_target_port The dest port the remote host is using to - connect to the proxy server. -proxy_session Boolean, yes/no, the connected host is required - to use Proxy Protocol. - -There is no expansion for a failed proxy session, however you can detect -it by checking if $proxy_session is true but $proxy_host is empty. As -an example, in my connect ACL, I have: - - warn condition = ${if and{ {bool{$proxy_session}} \ - {eq{$proxy_host_address}{}} } } - log_message = Failed required proxy protocol negotiation \ - from $sender_host_name [$sender_host_address] - - warn condition = ${if and{ {bool{$proxy_session}} \ - {!eq{$proxy_host_address}{}} } } - # But don't log health probes from the proxy itself - condition = ${if eq{$proxy_host_address}{$sender_host_address} \ - {false}{true}} - log_message = Successfully proxied from $sender_host_name \ - [$sender_host_address] through proxy protocol \ - host $proxy_host_address - - # Possibly more clear - warn logwrite = Remote Source Address: $sender_host_address:$sender_host_port - logwrite = Proxy Target Address: $proxy_target_address:$proxy_target_port - logwrite = Proxy Internal Address: $proxy_host_address:$proxy_host_port - logwrite = Internal Server Address: $received_ip_address:$received_port - - -4. Recommended ACL additions: - - Since the real connections are all coming from your proxy, and the - per host connection tracking is done before Proxy Protocol is - evaluated, smtp_accept_max_per_host must be set high enough to - handle all of the parallel volume you expect per inbound proxy. - - With the smtp_accept_max_per_host set so high, you lose the ability - to protect your server from massive numbers of inbound connections - from one IP. In order to prevent your server from being DOS'd, you - need to add a per connection ratelimit to your connect ACL. I - suggest something like this: - - # Set max number of connections per host - LIMIT = 5 - # Or do some kind of IP lookup in a flat file or database - # LIMIT = ${lookup{$sender_host_address}iplsearch{/etc/exim/proxy_limits}} - - defer message = Too many connections from this IP right now - ratelimit = LIMIT / 5s / per_conn / strict - - -5. Runtime issues to be aware of: - - The proxy has 3 seconds (hard-coded in the source code) to send the - required Proxy Protocol header after it connects. If it does not, - the response to any commands will be: - "503 Command refused, required Proxy negotiation failed" - - If the incoming connection is configured in Exim to be a Proxy - Protocol host, but the proxy is not sending the header, the banner - does not get sent until the timeout occurs. If the sending host - sent any input (before the banner), this causes a standard Exim - synchronization error (i.e. trying to pipeline before PIPELINING - was advertised). - - This is not advised, but is mentioned for completeness if you have - a specific internal configuration that you want this: If the Exim - server only has an internal IP address and no other machines in your - organization will connect to it to try to send email, you may - simply set the hostlist to "*", however, this will prevent local - mail programs from working because that would require mail from - localhost to use Proxy Protocol. Again, not advised! - -6. Example of a refused connection because the Proxy Protocol header was -not sent from a host configured to use Proxy Protocol. In the example, -the 3 second timeout occurred (when a Proxy Protocol banner should have -been sent), the banner was displayed to the user, but all commands are -rejected except for QUIT: - -# nc mail.example.net 25 -220-mail.example.net, ESMTP Exim 4.82+proxy, Mon, 04 Nov 2013 10:45:59 -220 -0800 RFC's enforced -EHLO localhost -503 Command refused, required Proxy negotiation failed -QUIT -221 mail.example.net closing connection - - -DSN Support --------------------------------------------------------------- - -DSN Support tries to add RFC 3461 support to Exim. It adds support for -*) the additional parameters for MAIL FROM and RCPT TO -*) RFC complient MIME DSN messages for all of - success, failure and delay notifications -*) dsn_advertise_hosts main option to select which hosts are able - to use the extension -*) dsn_lasthop router switch to end DSN processing - -In case of failure reports this means that the last three parts, the message body -intro, size info and final text, of the defined template are ignored since there is no -logical place to put them in the MIME message. - -All the other changes are made without changing any defaults - -Building exim: --------------- - -Define -EXPERIMENTAL_DSN=YES -in your Local/Makefile. - -Configuration: --------------- -All DSNs are sent in MIME format if you built exim with EXPERIMENTAL_DSN=YES -No option needed to activate it, and no way to turn it off. - -Failure and delay DSNs are triggered as usual except a sender used NOTIFY=... -to prevent them. - -Support for Success DSNs is added and activated by NOTIFY=SUCCESS by clients. - -Add -dsn_advertise_hosts = * -or a more restrictive host_list to announce DSN in EHLO answers - -Those hosts can then use NOTIFY,ENVID,RET,ORCPT options. - -If a message is relayed to a DSN aware host without changing the envelope -recipient the options are passed along and no success DSN is generated. - -A redirect router will always trigger a success DSN if requested and the DSN -options are not passed any further. - -A success DSN always contains the recipient address as submitted by the -client as required by RFC. Rewritten addresses are never exposed. - -If you used DSN patch up to 1.3 before remove all "dsn_process" switches from -your routers since you don't need them anymore. There is no way to "gag" -success DSNs anymore. Announcing DSN means answering as requested. - -You can prevent Exim from passing DSN options along to other DSN aware hosts by defining -dsn_lasthop -in a router. Exim will then send the success DSN himself if requested as if -the next hop does not support DSN. -Adding it to a redirect router makes no difference. - - -Certificate name checking --------------------------------------------------------------- -The X509 certificates used for TLS are supposed be verified -that they are owned by the expected host. The coding of TLS -support to date has not made these checks. - -If built with EXPERIMENTAL_CERTNAMES defined, code is -included to do so, and a new smtp transport option -"tls_verify_cert_hostname" supported which takes a list of -names for which the checks must be made. The host must -also be in "tls_verify_hosts". - -Both Subject and Subject-Alternate-Name certificate fields -are supported, as are wildcard certificates (limited to -a single wildcard being the initial component of a 3-or-more -component FQDN). DANE @@ -1178,6 +793,10 @@ admins of the target server. The attack surface presented by (a) is thought to be smaller than that of the set of root CAs. +It also allows the server to declare (implicitly) that +connections to it should use TLS. An MITM could simply +fail to pass on a server's STARTTLS. + DANE scales better than having to maintain (and side-channel communicate) copies of server certificates for every possible target server. It also scales @@ -1202,12 +821,12 @@ There are no changes to Exim specific to server-side operation of DANE. The TLSA record for the server may have "certificate -usage" of DANE_TA(2) or DANE_EE(3). The latter specifies +usage" of DANE-TA(2) or DANE-EE(3). The latter specifies the End Entity directly, i.e. the certificate involved is that of the server (and should be the sole one transmitted during the TLS handshake); this is appropriate for a single system, using a self-signed certificate. - DANE_TA usage is effectively declaring a specific CA + DANE-TA usage is effectively declaring a specific CA to be used; this might be a private CA or a public, well-known one. A private CA at simplest is just a self-signed certificate which is used to sign @@ -1219,7 +838,7 @@ the entire certificate chain from CA to server-certificate. If a public CA is used then all clients must be primed with it (losing one advantage of DANE) - but the attack surface is reduced from all public CAs to that single CA. -DANE_TA is commonly used for several services and/or +DANE-TA is commonly used for several services and/or servers, each having a TLSA query-domain CNAME record, all of which point to a single TLSA record. @@ -1236,13 +855,13 @@ is useful for quickly generating TLSA records; and commands like are workable for 4th-field hashes. -For use with the DANE_TA model, server certificates +For use with the DANE-TA model, server certificates must have a correct name (SubjectName or SubjectAltName). The use of OCSP-stapling should be considered, allowing for fast revocation of certificates (which would otherwise be limited by the DNS TTL on the TLSA records). However, -this is likely to only be usable with DANE_TA. NOTE: the +this is likely to only be usable with DANE-TA. NOTE: the default of requesting OCSP for all hosts is modified iff DANE is in use, to: @@ -1253,10 +872,10 @@ DANE is in use, to: The (new) variable $tls_out_tlsa_usage is a bitfield with numbered bits set for TLSA record usage codes. The zero above means DANE was not in use, -the four means that only DANE_TA usage TLSA records were -found. If the definition of hosts_require_ocsp or -hosts_request_ocsp includes the string "tls_out_tlsa_usage", -they are re-expanded in time to control the OCSP request. +the four means that only DANE-TA usage TLSA records were +found. If the definition of hosts_request_ocsp includes the +string "tls_out_tlsa_usage", they are re-expanded in time to +control the OCSP request. This modification of hosts_request_ocsp is only done if it has the default value of "*". Admins who change it, and @@ -1265,21 +884,34 @@ with DANE in their OCSP settings. For client-side DANE there are two new smtp transport options, -hosts_try_dane and hosts_require_dane. They do the obvious thing. +hosts_try_dane and hosts_require_dane. [ should they be domain-based rather than host-based? ] +Hosts_require_dane will result in failure if the target host +is not DNSSEC-secured. + DANE will only be usable if the target host has DNSSEC-secured MX, A and TLSA records. -(TODO: specify when fallback happens vs. when the host is not used) +A TLSA lookup will be done if either of the above options match +and the host-lookup succeded using dnssec. +If a TLSA lookup is done and succeeds, a DANE-verified TLS connection +will be required for the host. If it does not, the host will not +be used; there is no fallback to non-DANE or non-TLS. -If dane is in use the following transport options are ignored: +If DANE is requested and useable (see above) the following transport +options are ignored: + hosts_require_tls tls_verify_hosts tls_try_verify_hosts tls_verify_certificates tls_crl tls_verify_cert_hostnames +If DANE is not usable, whether requested or not, and CA-anchored +verification evaluation is wanted, the above variables should be set +appropriately. + Currently dnssec_request_domains must be active (need to think about that) and dnssec_require_domains is ignored. @@ -1288,10 +920,55 @@ in the delivery log line will show as "CV=dane". There is a new variable $tls_out_dane which will have "yes" if verification succeeded using DANE and "no" otherwise (only useful -in combination with EXPERIMENTAL_TPDA), and a new variable +in combination with EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT), and a new variable $tls_out_tlsa_usage (detailed above). + +DSN extra information +--------------------- +If compiled with EXPERIMENTAL_DSN_INFO extra information will be added +to DSN fail messages ("bounces"), when available. The intent is to aid +tracing of specific failing messages, when presented with a "bounce" +complaint and needing to search logs. + + +The remote MTA IP address, with port number if nonstandard. +Example: + Remote-MTA: X-ip; [127.0.0.1]:587 +Rationale: + Several addresses may correspond to the (already available) + dns name for the remote MTA. + +The remote MTA connect-time greeting. +Example: + X-Remote-MTA-smtp-greeting: X-str; 220 the.local.host.name ESMTP Exim x.yz Tue, 2 Mar 1999 09:44:33 +0000 +Rationale: + This string sometimes presents the remote MTA's idea of its + own name, and sometimes identifies the MTA software. + +The remote MTA response to HELO or EHLO. +Example: + X-Remote-MTA-helo-response: X-str; 250-the.local.host.name Hello localhost [127.0.0.1] +Limitations: + Only the first line of a multiline response is recorded. +Rationale: + This string sometimes presents the remote MTA's view of + the peer IP connecting to it. + +The reporting MTA detailed diagnostic. +Example: + X-Exim-Diagnostic: X-str; SMTP error from remote mail server after RCPT TO:: 550 hard error +Rationale: + This string somtimes give extra information over the + existing (already available) Diagnostic-Code field. + + +Note that non-RFC-documented field names and data types are used. + + + + -------------------------------------------------------------- End of file --------------------------------------------------------------