X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/f89d2485b9084317af07bf48bf09a81dc5780caa..1d2e086378c87cfc0fc437ab7cb7d170526ce46d:/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt diff --git a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt index 762ee3728..4eb1dcb7a 100644 --- a/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt +++ b/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt @@ -1,10 +1,12 @@ -. $Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-docbook/spec.xfpt,v 1.16 2007/04/11 15:26:09 ph10 Exp $ -. . ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// . This is the primary source of the Exim Manual. It is an xfpt document that is . converted into DocBook XML for subsequent conversion into printing and online . formats. The markup used herein is "standard" xfpt markup, with some extras. . The markup is summarized in a file called Markup.txt. +. +. WARNING: When you use the .new macro, make sure it appears *before* any +. adjacent index items; otherwise you get an empty "paragraph" which causes +. unwanted vertical space. . ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// .include stdflags @@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ foot_right_recto="&chaptertitle; (&chapternumber;)" foot_right_verso="&chaptertitle; (&chapternumber;)" toc_chapter_blanks="yes,yes" - table_warn_soft_overflow="no" + table_warn_overflow="overprint" ?> .literal off @@ -39,16 +41,19 @@ .book . ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// -. These definitions set some parameters and save some typing. Remember that -. the element must also be updated for each new edition. +. These definitions set some parameters and save some typing. +. Update the Copyright year (only) when changing content. . ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// -.set previousversion "4.66" -.set version "4.67" +.set previousversion "4.88" +.include ./local_params .set ACL "access control lists (ACLs)" .set I "    " +.macro copyyear +2017 +.endmacro . ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// . Additional xfpt markup used by this document, over and above the default @@ -66,10 +71,17 @@ .flag &!? "‡" . --- A macro for an Exim option definition heading, generating a one-line -. --- table with four columns. +. --- table with four columns. For cases when the option name is given with +. --- a space, so that it can be split, a fifth argument is used for the +. --- index entry. .macro option +.arg 5 +.oindex "&%$5%&" +.endarg +.arg -5 .oindex "&%$1%&" +.endarg .itable all 0 0 4 8* left 6* center 6* center 6* right .row "&%$1%&" "Use: &'$2'&" "Type: &'$3'&" "Default: &'$4'&" .endtable @@ -161,17 +173,18 @@ Specification of the Exim Mail Transfer Agent The Exim MTA -10 April 2007 -PhilipHazel -PH -University of Cambridge Computing Service -
New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QH, England
+ +.fulldate + +EximMaintainers +EM - 4.67 - 10 April 2007 - PH +.versiondatexml + EM -2007University of Cambridge + +.copyyear + University of Cambridge .literal off @@ -246,7 +259,7 @@ maximum - limit + limit monitor @@ -356,13 +369,13 @@ contributors. .section "Exim documentation" "SECID1" -.new +. Keep this example change bar when updating the documentation! + .cindex "documentation" -This edition of the Exim specification applies to version &version; of Exim. +This edition of the Exim specification applies to version &version() of Exim. Substantive changes from the &previousversion; edition are marked in some renditions of the document; this paragraph is so marked if the rendition is capable of showing a change indicator. -.wen This document is very much a reference manual; it is not a tutorial. The reader is expected to have some familiarity with the SMTP mail transfer protocol and @@ -376,7 +389,7 @@ very wide interest. .cindex "books about Exim" An &"easier"& discussion of Exim which provides more in-depth explanatory, introductory, and tutorial material can be found in a book entitled &'The Exim -SMTP Mail Server'&, published by UIT Cambridge +SMTP Mail Server'& (second edition, 2007), published by UIT Cambridge (&url(http://www.uit.co.uk/exim-book/)). This book also contains a chapter that gives a general introduction to SMTP and @@ -419,10 +432,9 @@ directory are: .row &_exim.8_& "a man page of Exim's command line options" .row &_experimental.txt_& "documentation of experimental features" .row &_filter.txt_& "specification of the filter language" -.row &_pcrepattern.txt_& "specification of PCRE regular expressions" -.row &_pcretest.txt_& "specification of the PCRE testing program" .row &_Exim3.upgrade_& "upgrade notes from release 2 to release 3" .row &_Exim4.upgrade_& "upgrade notes from release 3 to release 4" +.row &_openssl.txt_& "installing a current OpenSSL release" .endtable The main specification and the specification of the filtering language are also @@ -443,33 +455,29 @@ Squared, formerly Planet Online Ltd, whose support I gratefully acknowledge. .cindex "wiki" .cindex "FAQ" -.new As well as Exim distribution tar files, the Exim web site contains a number of differently formatted versions of the documentation. A recent addition to the -online information is the Exim wiki (&url(http://www.exim.org/eximwiki/)), +online information is the Exim wiki (&url(http://wiki.exim.org)), which contains what used to be a separate FAQ, as well as various other examples, tips, and know-how that have been contributed by Exim users. .cindex Bugzilla -An Exim Bugzilla exists at &url(http://www.exim.org/bugzilla/). You can use +An Exim Bugzilla exists at &url(http://bugs.exim.org). You can use this to report bugs, and also to add items to the wish list. Please search first to check that you are not duplicating a previous entry. -.wen .section "Mailing lists" "SECID3" .cindex "mailing lists" "for Exim users" -.new The following Exim mailing lists exist: .table2 140pt +.row &'exim-announce@exim.org'& "Moderated, low volume announcements list" .row &'exim-users@exim.org'& "General discussion list" .row &'exim-dev@exim.org'& "Discussion of bugs, enhancements, etc." -.row &'exim-announce@exim.org'& "Moderated, low volume announcements list" -.row &'exim-future@exim.org'& "Discussion of long-term development" +.row &'exim-cvs@exim.org'& "Automated commit messages from the VCS" .endtable -.wen You can subscribe to these lists, change your existing subscriptions, and view or search the archives via the mailing lists link on the Exim home page. @@ -485,18 +493,18 @@ lists. .section "Exim training" "SECID4" .cindex "training courses" -From time to time (approximately annually at the time of writing), training -courses are run by the author of Exim in Cambridge, UK. Details of any -forthcoming courses can be found on the web site -&url(http://www-tus.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/exim/). - +Training courses in Cambridge (UK) used to be run annually by the author of +Exim, before he retired. At the time of writing, there are no plans to run +further Exim courses in Cambridge. However, if that changes, relevant +information will be posted at &url(http://www-tus.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/exim/). .section "Bug reports" "SECID5" .cindex "bug reports" .cindex "reporting bugs" -Reports of obvious bugs should be emailed to &'bugs@exim.org'&. However, if you -are unsure whether some behaviour is a bug or not, the best thing to do is to -post a message to the &'exim-dev'& mailing list and have it discussed. +Reports of obvious bugs can be emailed to &'bugs@exim.org'& or reported +via the Bugzilla (&url(http://bugs.exim.org)). However, if you are unsure +whether some behaviour is a bug or not, the best thing to do is to post a +message to the &'exim-dev'& mailing list and have it discussed. @@ -530,13 +538,28 @@ The &_.bz2_& file is usually a lot smaller than the &_.gz_& file. .cindex "distribution" "signing details" .cindex "distribution" "public key" .cindex "public key for signed distribution" -The distributions are currently signed with Philip Hazel's GPG key. The -corresponding public key is available from a number of keyservers, and there is -also a copy in the file &_Public-Key_&. The signatures for the tar bundles are -in: +The distributions will be PGP signed by an individual key of the Release +Coordinator. This key will have a uid containing an email address in the +&'exim.org'& domain and will have signatures from other people, including +other Exim maintainers. We expect that the key will be in the "strong set" of +PGP keys. There should be a trust path to that key from Nigel Metheringham's +PGP key, a version of which can be found in the release directory in the file +&_nigel-pubkey.asc_&. All keys used will be available in public keyserver pools, +such as &'pool.sks-keyservers.net'&. + +At time of last update, releases were being made by Phil Pennock and signed with +key &'0x403043153903637F'&, although that key is expected to be replaced in 2013. +A trust path from Nigel's key to Phil's can be observed at +&url(https://www.security.spodhuis.org/exim-trustpath). + +Releases have also been authorized to be performed by Todd Lyons who signs with +key &'0xC4F4F94804D29EBA'&. A direct trust path exists between previous RE Phil +Pennock and Todd Lyons through a common associate. + +The signatures for the tar bundles are in: .display -&_exim-n.nn.tar.gz.sig_& -&_exim-n.nn.tar.bz2.sig_& +&_exim-n.nn.tar.gz.asc_& +&_exim-n.nn.tar.bz2.asc_& .endd For each released version, the log of changes is made separately available in a separate file in the directory &_ChangeLogs_& so that it is possible to @@ -719,15 +742,15 @@ the Exim documentation, &"spool"& is always used in the first sense. .cindex "incorporated code" .cindex "regular expressions" "library" .cindex "PCRE" +.cindex "OpenDMARC" A number of pieces of external code are included in the Exim distribution. .ilist -Regular expressions are supported in the main Exim program and in the Exim -monitor using the freely-distributable PCRE library, copyright © -University of Cambridge. The source is distributed in the directory -&_src/pcre_&. However, this is a cut-down version of PCRE. If you want to use -the PCRE library in other programs, you should obtain and install the full -version of the library from +Regular expressions are supported in the main Exim program and in the +Exim monitor using the freely-distributable PCRE library, copyright +© University of Cambridge. The source to PCRE is no longer shipped with +Exim, so you will need to use the version of PCRE shipped with your system, +or obtain and install the full version of the library from &url(ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre). .next .cindex "cdb" "acknowledgment" @@ -744,7 +767,6 @@ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. - This code implements Dan Bernstein's Constant DataBase (cdb) spec. Information, the spec and sample code for cdb can be obtained from &url(http://www.pobox.com/~djb/cdb.html). This implementation borrows @@ -845,6 +867,14 @@ ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .endblockquote +.next +.cindex "opendmarc" "acknowledgment" +The DMARC implementation uses the OpenDMARC library which is Copyrighted by +The Trusted Domain Project. Portions of Exim source which use OpenDMARC +derived code are indicated in the respective source files. The full OpenDMARC +license is provided in the LICENSE.opendmarc file contained in the distributed +source code. + .next Many people have contributed code fragments, some large, some small, that were not covered by any specific licence requirements. It is assumed that the @@ -975,7 +1005,7 @@ received the message. .next There are two different possibilities for the final two characters: .olist -.cindex "&%localhost_number%&" +.oindex "&%localhost_number%&" If &%localhost_number%& is not set, this value is the fractional part of the time of reception, normally in units of 1/2000 of a second, but for systems that must use base 36 instead of base 62 (because of case-insensitive file @@ -1118,8 +1148,8 @@ corrected, and can also freeze individual messages by hand if necessary. In addition, an administrator can force a delivery error, causing a bounce message to be sent. -.cindex "&%timeout_frozen_after%&" -.cindex "&%ignore_bounce_errors_after%&" +.oindex "&%timeout_frozen_after%&" +.oindex "&%ignore_bounce_errors_after%&" There are options called &%ignore_bounce_errors_after%& and &%timeout_frozen_after%&, which discard frozen messages after a certain time. The first applies only to frozen bounces, the second to any frozen messages. @@ -1261,7 +1291,7 @@ the following: &'accept'&: The router accepts the address, and either assigns it to a transport, or generates one or more &"child"& addresses. Processing the original address ceases, -.cindex "&%unseen%& option" +.oindex "&%unseen%&" unless the &%unseen%& option is set on the router. This option can be used to set up multiple deliveries with different routing (for example, for keeping archive copies of messages). When &%unseen%& is set, the address is @@ -1347,6 +1377,7 @@ Setting the &%verify%& option actually sets two options, &%verify_sender%& and &%verify_recipient%&, which independently control the use of the router for sender and recipient verification. You can set these options directly if you want a router to be used for only one type of verification. +Note that cutthrough delivery is classed as a recipient verification for this purpose. .next If the &%address_test%& option is set false, the router is skipped when Exim is run with the &%-bt%& option to test an address routing. This can be helpful @@ -1356,6 +1387,7 @@ having to simulate the effect of the scanner. .next Routers can be designated for use only when verifying an address, as opposed to routing it for delivery. The &%verify_only%& option controls this. +Again, cutthrough delivery counts as a verification. .next Individual routers can be explicitly skipped when running the routers to check an address given in the SMTP EXPN command (see the &%expn%& option). @@ -1542,8 +1574,7 @@ If a host is unreachable for a period of time, a number of messages may be waiting for it by the time it recovers, and sending them in a single SMTP connection is clearly beneficial. Whenever a delivery to a remote host is deferred, - -.cindex "hints database" +.cindex "hints database" "deferred deliveries" Exim makes a note in its hints database, and whenever a successful SMTP delivery has happened, it looks to see if any other messages are waiting for the same host. If any are found, they are sent over the same SMTP @@ -1552,7 +1583,6 @@ one connection. - .section "Permanent delivery failure" "SECID21" .cindex "delivery" "permanent failure" .cindex "bounce message" "when generated" @@ -1603,7 +1633,7 @@ for only a short time (see &%timeout_frozen_after%& and .section "Unpacking" "SECID23" Exim is distributed as a gzipped or bzipped tar file which, when unpacked, creates a directory with the name of the current release (for example, -&_exim-&version;_&) into which the following files are placed: +&_exim-&version()_&) into which the following files are placed: .table2 140pt .irow &_ACKNOWLEDGMENTS_& "contains some acknowledgments" @@ -1648,6 +1678,21 @@ architecture and operating system for itself, but the defaults can be overridden if necessary. +.section "PCRE library" "SECTpcre" +.cindex "PCRE library" +Exim no longer has an embedded PCRE library as the vast majority of +modern systems include PCRE as a system library, although you may need +to install the PCRE or PCRE development package for your operating +system. If your system has a normal PCRE installation the Exim build +process will need no further configuration. If the library or the +headers are in an unusual location you will need to either set the PCRE_LIBS +and INCLUDE directives appropriately, +or set PCRE_CONFIG=yes to use the installed &(pcre-config)& command. +If your operating system has no +PCRE support then you will need to obtain and build the current PCRE +from &url(ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/). +More information on PCRE is available at &url(http://www.pcre.org/). + .section "DBM libraries" "SECTdb" .cindex "DBM libraries" "discussion of" .cindex "hints database" "DBM files used for" @@ -1814,7 +1859,7 @@ described RFC 2047. This makes it possible to transmit characters that are not in the ASCII character set, and to label them as being in a particular character set. When Exim is inspecting header lines by means of the &%$h_%& mechanism, it decodes them, and translates them into a specified character set -(default ISO-8859-1). The translation is possible only if the operating system +(default is set at build time). The translation is possible only if the operating system supports the &[iconv()]& function. However, some of the operating systems that supply &[iconv()]& do not support @@ -1857,6 +1902,12 @@ SUPPORT_TLS=yes TLS_LIBS=-L/usr/local/openssl/lib -lssl -lcrypto TLS_INCLUDE=-I/usr/local/openssl/include/ .endd +.cindex "pkg-config" "OpenSSL" +If you have &'pkg-config'& available, then instead you can just use: +.code +SUPPORT_TLS=yes +USE_OPENSSL_PC=openssl +.endd .cindex "USE_GNUTLS" If GnuTLS is installed, you should set .code @@ -1872,6 +1923,14 @@ USE_GNUTLS=yes TLS_LIBS=-L/usr/gnu/lib -lgnutls -ltasn1 -lgcrypt TLS_INCLUDE=-I/usr/gnu/include .endd +.cindex "pkg-config" "GnuTLS" +If you have &'pkg-config'& available, then instead you can just use: +.code +SUPPORT_TLS=yes +USE_GNUTLS=yes +USE_GNUTLS_PC=gnutls +.endd + You do not need to set TLS_INCLUDE if the relevant directory is already specified in INCLUDE. Details of how to configure Exim to make use of TLS are given in chapter &<>&. @@ -1880,8 +1939,11 @@ given in chapter &<>&. .section "Use of tcpwrappers" "SECID27" + .cindex "tcpwrappers, building Exim to support" .cindex "USE_TCP_WRAPPERS" +.cindex "TCP_WRAPPERS_DAEMON_NAME" +.cindex "tcp_wrappers_daemon_name" Exim can be linked with the &'tcpwrappers'& library in order to check incoming SMTP calls using the &'tcpwrappers'& control files. This may be a convenient alternative to Exim's own checking facilities for installations that are @@ -1896,18 +1958,20 @@ USE_TCP_WRAPPERS=yes CFLAGS=-O -I/usr/local/include EXTRALIBS_EXIM=-L/usr/local/lib -lwrap .endd -in &_Local/Makefile_&. The name to use in the &'tcpwrappers'& control files is -&"exim"&. For example, the line +in &_Local/Makefile_&. The daemon name to use in the &'tcpwrappers'& control +files is &"exim"&. For example, the line .code exim : LOCAL 192.168.1. .friendly.domain.example .endd in your &_/etc/hosts.allow_& file allows connections from the local host, from the subnet 192.168.1.0/24, and from all hosts in &'friendly.domain.example'&. -All other connections are denied. Consult the &'tcpwrappers'& documentation for +All other connections are denied. The daemon name used by &'tcpwrappers'& +can be changed at build time by setting TCP_WRAPPERS_DAEMON_NAME in +&_Local/Makefile_&, or by setting tcp_wrappers_daemon_name in the +configure file. Consult the &'tcpwrappers'& documentation for further details. - .section "Including support for IPv6" "SECID28" .cindex "IPv6" "including support for" Exim contains code for use on systems that have IPv6 support. Setting @@ -1920,11 +1984,41 @@ Two different types of DNS record for handling IPv6 addresses have been defined. AAAA records (analogous to A records for IPv4) are in use, and are currently seen as the mainstream. Another record type called A6 was proposed as better than AAAA because it had more flexibility. However, it was felt to be -over-complex, and its status was reduced to &"experimental"&. It is not known -if anyone is actually using A6 records. Exim has support for A6 records, but -this is included only if you set &`SUPPORT_A6=YES`& in &_Local/Makefile_&. The -support has not been tested for some time. - +over-complex, and its status was reduced to &"experimental"&. +Exim used to +have a compile option for including A6 record support but this has now been +withdrawn. + + + +.section "Dynamically loaded lookup module support" "SECTdynamicmodules" +.cindex "lookup modules" +.cindex "dynamic modules" +.cindex ".so building" +On some platforms, Exim supports not compiling all lookup types directly into +the main binary, instead putting some into external modules which can be loaded +on demand. +This permits packagers to build Exim with support for lookups with extensive +library dependencies without requiring all users to install all of those +dependencies. +Most, but not all, lookup types can be built this way. + +Set &`LOOKUP_MODULE_DIR`& to the directory into which the modules will be +installed; Exim will only load modules from that directory, as a security +measure. You will need to set &`CFLAGS_DYNAMIC`& if not already defined +for your OS; see &_OS/Makefile-Linux_& for an example. +Some other requirements for adjusting &`EXTRALIBS`& may also be necessary, +see &_src/EDITME_& for details. + +Then, for each module to be loaded dynamically, define the relevant +&`LOOKUP_`&<&'lookup_type'&> flags to have the value "2" instead of "yes". +For example, this will build in lsearch but load sqlite and mysql support +on demand: +.code +LOOKUP_LSEARCH=yes +LOOKUP_SQLITE=2 +LOOKUP_MYSQL=2 +.endd .section "The building process" "SECID29" @@ -1937,9 +2031,6 @@ For example, on a Sun system running Solaris 8, the directory .cindex "symbolic link" "to source files" Symbolic links to relevant source files are installed in the build directory. -&*Warning*&: The &%-j%& (parallel) flag must not be used with &'make'&; the -building process fails if it is set. - If this is the first time &'make'& has been run, it calls a script that builds a make file inside the build directory, using the configuration files from the &_Local_& directory. The new make file is then passed to another instance of @@ -2064,6 +2155,26 @@ files or libraries are required. When a lookup type is not included in the binary, attempts to configure Exim to use it cause run time configuration errors. +.cindex "pkg-config" "lookups" +.cindex "pkg-config" "authenticators" +Many systems now use a tool called &'pkg-config'& to encapsulate information +about how to compile against a library; Exim has some initial support for +being able to use pkg-config for lookups and authenticators. For any given +makefile variable which starts &`LOOKUP_`& or &`AUTH_`&, you can add a new +variable with the &`_PC`& suffix in the name and assign as the value the +name of the package to be queried. The results of querying via the +&'pkg-config'& command will be added to the appropriate Makefile variables +with &`+=`& directives, so your version of &'make'& will need to support that +syntax. For instance: +.code +LOOKUP_SQLITE=yes +LOOKUP_SQLITE_PC=sqlite3 +AUTH_GSASL=yes +AUTH_GSASL_PC=libgsasl +AUTH_HEIMDAL_GSSAPI=yes +AUTH_HEIMDAL_GSSAPI_PC=heimdal-gssapi +.endd + .cindex "Perl" "including support for" Exim can be linked with an embedded Perl interpreter, allowing Perl subroutines to be called during string expansion. To enable this facility, @@ -2207,16 +2318,15 @@ but this usage is deprecated. .cindex "installing Exim" "what is not installed" Running &'make install'& does not copy the Exim 4 conversion script -&'convert4r4'&, or the &'pcretest'& test program. You will probably run the -first of these only once (if you are upgrading from Exim 3), and the second -isn't really part of Exim. None of the documentation files in the &_doc_& +&'convert4r4'&. You will probably run this only once if you are +upgrading from Exim 3. None of the documentation files in the &_doc_& directory are copied, except for the info files when you have set INFO_DIRECTORY, as described in section &<>& below. For the utility programs, old versions are renamed by adding the suffix &_.O_& to their names. The Exim binary itself, however, is handled differently. It is installed under a name that includes the version number and the compile number, -for example &_exim-&version;-1_&. The script then arranges for a symbolic link +for example &_exim-&version()-1_&. The script then arranges for a symbolic link called &_exim_& to point to the binary. If you are updating a previous version of Exim, the script takes care to ensure that the name &_exim_& is never absent from the directory (as seen by other processes). @@ -2516,6 +2626,8 @@ users to set envelope senders. .cindex "&'From:'& header line" .cindex "&'Sender:'& header line" +.cindex "header lines" "From:" +.cindex "header lines" "Sender:" For a trusted user, there is never any check on the contents of the &'From:'& header line, and a &'Sender:'& line is never added. Furthermore, any existing &'Sender:'& line in incoming local (non-TCP/IP) messages is not removed. @@ -2591,6 +2703,18 @@ This option causes Exim to output a few sentences stating what it is. The same output is generated if the Exim binary is called with no options and no arguments. +.vitem &%--version%& +.oindex "&%--version%&" +This option is an alias for &%-bV%& and causes version information to be +displayed. + +.vitem &%-Ac%& &&& + &%-Am%& +.oindex "&%-Ac%&" +.oindex "&%-Am%&" +These options are used by Sendmail for selecting configuration files and are +ignored by Exim. + .vitem &%-B%&<&'type'&> .oindex "&%-B%&" .cindex "8-bit characters" @@ -2665,7 +2789,7 @@ continuations. As in Exim's run time configuration, white space at the start of continuation lines is ignored. Each argument or data line is passed through the string expansion mechanism, and the result is output. Variable values from the configuration file (for example, &$qualify_domain$&) are available, but no -message-specific values (such as &$sender_domain$&) are set, because no message +message-specific values (such as &$message_exim_id$&) are set, because no message is being processed (but see &%-bem%& and &%-Mset%&). &*Note*&: If you use this mechanism to test lookups, and you change the data @@ -2820,12 +2944,10 @@ The &'exim_checkaccess'& utility is a &"packaged"& version of &%-bh%& whose output just states whether a given recipient address from a given host is acceptable or not. See section &<>&. -.new Features such as authentication and encryption, where the client input is not plain text, cannot easily be tested with &%-bh%&. Instead, you should use a specialized SMTP test program such as &url(http://jetmore.org/john/code/#swaks,swaks). -.wen .vitem &%-bhc%&&~<&'IP&~address'&> .oindex "&%-bhc%&" @@ -2852,11 +2974,37 @@ use the &'exim_dbmbuild'& utility, or some other means, to rebuild alias files if this is required. If the &%bi_command%& option is not set, calling Exim with &%-bi%& is a no-op. +. // Keep :help first, then the rest in alphabetical order +.vitem &%-bI:help%& +.oindex "&%-bI:help%&" +.cindex "querying exim information" +We shall provide various options starting &`-bI:`& for querying Exim for +information. The output of many of these will be intended for machine +consumption. This one is not. The &%-bI:help%& option asks Exim for a +synopsis of supported options beginning &`-bI:`&. Use of any of these +options shall cause Exim to exit after producing the requested output. + +.vitem &%-bI:dscp%& +.oindex "&%-bI:dscp%&" +.cindex "DSCP" "values" +This option causes Exim to emit an alphabetically sorted list of all +recognised DSCP names. + +.vitem &%-bI:sieve%& +.oindex "&%-bI:sieve%&" +.cindex "Sieve filter" "capabilities" +This option causes Exim to emit an alphabetically sorted list of all supported +Sieve protocol extensions on stdout, one per line. This is anticipated to be +useful for ManageSieve (RFC 5804) implementations, in providing that protocol's +&`SIEVE`& capability response line. As the precise list may depend upon +compile-time build options, which this option will adapt to, this is the only +way to guarantee a correct response. + .vitem &%-bm%& .oindex "&%-bm%&" .cindex "local message reception" This option runs an Exim receiving process that accepts an incoming, -locally-generated message on the current input. The recipients are given as the +locally-generated message on the standard input. The recipients are given as the command arguments (except when &%-t%& is also present &-- see below). Each argument can be a comma-separated list of RFC 2822 addresses. This is the default option for selecting the overall action of an Exim call; it is assumed @@ -2898,6 +3046,27 @@ The specified sender is treated as if it were given as the argument to the preference to the address taken from the message. The caller of Exim must be a trusted user for the sender of a message to be set in this way. +.vitem &%-bmalware%&&~<&'filename'&> +.oindex "&%-bmalware%&" +.cindex "testing", "malware" +.cindex "malware scan test" +This debugging option causes Exim to scan the given file or directory +(depending on the used scanner interface), +using the malware scanning framework. The option of &%av_scanner%& influences +this option, so if &%av_scanner%&'s value is dependent upon an expansion then +the expansion should have defaults which apply to this invocation. ACLs are +not invoked, so if &%av_scanner%& references an ACL variable then that variable +will never be populated and &%-bmalware%& will fail. + +Exim will have changed working directory before resolving the filename, so +using fully qualified pathnames is advisable. Exim will be running as the Exim +user when it tries to open the file, rather than as the invoking user. +This option requires admin privileges. + +The &%-bmalware%& option will not be extended to be more generally useful, +there are better tools for file-scanning. This option exists to help +administrators verify their Exim and AV scanner configuration. + .vitem &%-bnq%& .oindex "&%-bnq%&" .cindex "address qualification, suppressing" @@ -2922,7 +3091,7 @@ unqualified addresses in header lines are left alone. .vitem &%-bP%& .oindex "&%-bP%&" -.cindex "configuration options, extracting" +.cindex "configuration options" "extracting" .cindex "options" "configuration &-- extracting" If this option is given with no arguments, it causes the values of all Exim's main configuration options to be written to the standard output. The values @@ -2931,17 +3100,28 @@ arguments, for example: .code exim -bP qualify_domain hold_domains .endd +.cindex "hiding configuration option values" +.cindex "configuration options" "hiding value of" +.cindex "options" "hiding value of" However, any option setting that is preceded by the word &"hide"& in the configuration file is not shown in full, except to an admin user. For other users, the output is as in this example: .code mysql_servers = .endd -If &%configure_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time -configuration file is output. +If &%config%& is given as an argument, the config is +output, as it was parsed, any include file resolved, any comment removed. + +If &%config_file%& is given as an argument, the name of the run time +configuration file is output. (&%configure_file%& works too, for +backward compatibility.) If a list of configuration files was supplied, the value that is output here is the name of the file that was actually used. +.cindex "options" "hiding name of" +If the &%-n%& flag is given, then for most modes of &%-bP%& operation the +name will not be output. + .cindex "daemon" "process id (pid)" .cindex "pid (process id)" "of daemon" If &%log_file_path%& or &%pid_file_path%& are given, the names of the @@ -2959,6 +3139,7 @@ local part) and outputs what it finds. .cindex "options" "router &-- extracting" .cindex "options" "transport &-- extracting" +.cindex "options" "authenticator &-- extracting" If one of the words &%router%&, &%transport%&, or &%authenticator%& is given, followed by the name of an appropriate driver instance, the option settings for that driver are output. For example: @@ -2972,6 +3153,16 @@ using one of the words &%router_list%&, &%transport_list%&, or settings can be obtained by using &%routers%&, &%transports%&, or &%authenticators%&. +.cindex "environment" +If &%environment%& is given as an argument, the set of environment +variables is output, line by line. Using the &%-n%& flag suppresses the value of the +variables. + +.cindex "options" "macro &-- extracting" +If invoked by an admin user, then &%macro%&, &%macro_list%& and &%macros%& +are available, similarly to the drivers. Because macros are sometimes used +for storing passwords, this option is restricted. +The output format is one item per line. .vitem &%-bp%& .oindex "&%-bp%&" @@ -3154,7 +3345,7 @@ the listening daemon. .cindex "testing" "addresses" .cindex "address" "testing" This option runs Exim in address testing mode, in which each argument is taken -as a &new(recipient) address to be tested for deliverability. The results are +as a recipient address to be tested for deliverability. The results are written to the standard output. If a test fails, and the caller is not an admin user, no details of the failure are output, because these might contain sensitive information such as usernames and passwords for database lookups. @@ -3200,7 +3391,7 @@ doing such tests. .cindex "version number of Exim" This option causes Exim to write the current version number, compilation number, and compilation date of the &'exim'& binary to the standard output. -It also lists the DBM library this is being used, the optional modules (such as +It also lists the DBM library that is being used, the optional modules (such as specific lookup types), the drivers that are included in the binary, and the name of the run time configuration file that is in use. @@ -3217,7 +3408,7 @@ dynamic testing facilities. .cindex "verifying address" "using &%-bv%&" .cindex "address" "verification" This option runs Exim in address verification mode, in which each argument is -taken as a &new(recipient) address to be verified by the routers. (This does +taken as a recipient address to be verified by the routers. (This does not involve any verification callouts). During normal operation, verification happens mostly as a consequence processing a &%verify%& condition in an ACL (see chapter &<>&). If you want to test an entire ACL, possibly @@ -3269,6 +3460,23 @@ This option acts like &%-bv%&, but verifies the address as a sender rather than a recipient address. This affects any rewriting and qualification that might happen. +.vitem &%-bw%& +.oindex "&%-bw%&" +.cindex "daemon" +.cindex "inetd" +.cindex "inetd" "wait mode" +This option runs Exim as a daemon, awaiting incoming SMTP connections, +similarly to the &%-bd%& option. All port specifications on the command-line +and in the configuration file are ignored. Queue-running may not be specified. + +In this mode, Exim expects to be passed a socket as fd 0 (stdin) which is +listening for connections. This permits the system to start up and have +inetd (or equivalent) listen on the SMTP ports, starting an Exim daemon for +each port only when the first connection is received. + +If the option is given as &%-bw%&<&'time'&> then the time is a timeout, after +which the daemon will exit, which should cause inetd to listen once more. + .vitem &%-C%&&~<&'filelist'&> .oindex "&%-C%&" .cindex "configuration file" "alternate" @@ -3281,25 +3489,23 @@ name, but it can be a colon-separated list of names. In this case, the first file that exists is used. Failure to open an existing file stops Exim from proceeding any further along the list, and an error is generated. -When this option is used by a caller other than root or the Exim user, and the -list is different from the compiled-in list, Exim gives up its root privilege -immediately, and runs with the real and effective uid and gid set to those of -the caller. However, if ALT_CONFIG_ROOT_ONLY is defined in -&_Local/Makefile_&, root privilege is retained for &%-C%& only if the caller of -Exim is root. - -That is, the Exim user is no longer privileged in this regard. This build-time -option is not set by default in the Exim source distribution tarbundle. -However, if you are using a &"packaged"& version of Exim (source or binary), -the packagers might have enabled it. - -Setting ALT_CONFIG_ROOT_ONLY locks out the possibility of testing a -configuration using &%-C%& right through message reception and delivery, even -if the caller is root. The reception works, but by that time, Exim is running -as the Exim user, so when it re-executes to regain privilege for the delivery, -the use of &%-C%& causes privilege to be lost. However, root can test reception -and delivery using two separate commands (one to put a message on the queue, -using &%-odq%&, and another to do the delivery, using &%-M%&). +When this option is used by a caller other than root, and the list is different +from the compiled-in list, Exim gives up its root privilege immediately, and +runs with the real and effective uid and gid set to those of the caller. +However, if a TRUSTED_CONFIG_LIST file is defined in &_Local/Makefile_&, that +file contains a list of full pathnames, one per line, for configuration files +which are trusted. Root privilege is retained for any configuration file so +listed, as long as the caller is the Exim user (or the user specified in the +CONFIGURE_OWNER option, if any), and as long as the configuration file is +not writeable by inappropriate users or groups. + +Leaving TRUSTED_CONFIG_LIST unset precludes the possibility of testing a +configuration using &%-C%& right through message reception and delivery, +even if the caller is root. The reception works, but by that time, Exim is +running as the Exim user, so when it re-executes to regain privilege for the +delivery, the use of &%-C%& causes privilege to be lost. However, root can +test reception and delivery using two separate commands (one to put a message +on the queue, using &%-odq%&, and another to do the delivery, using &%-M%&). If ALT_CONFIG_PREFIX is defined &_in Local/Makefile_&, it specifies a prefix string with which any file named in a &%-C%& command line option @@ -3320,6 +3526,7 @@ caller is privileged, or unless it is an exotic configuration that does not require privilege. No check is made on the owner or group of the files specified by this option. + .vitem &%-D%&<&'macro'&>=<&'value'&> .oindex "&%-D%&" .cindex "macro" "setting on command line" @@ -3329,6 +3536,14 @@ unprivileged caller, it causes Exim to give up its root privilege. If DISABLE_D_OPTION is defined in &_Local/Makefile_&, the use of &%-D%& is completely disabled, and its use causes an immediate error exit. +If WHITELIST_D_MACROS is defined in &_Local/Makefile_& then it should be a +colon-separated list of macros which are considered safe and, if &%-D%& only +supplies macros from this list, and the values are acceptable, then Exim will +not give up root privilege if the caller is root, the Exim run-time user, or +the CONFIGURE_OWNER, if set. This is a transition mechanism and is expected +to be removed in the future. Acceptable values for the macros satisfy the +regexp: &`^[A-Za-z0-9_/.-]*$`& + The entire option (including equals sign if present) must all be within one command line item. &%-D%& can be used to set the value of a macro to the empty string, in which case the equals sign is optional. These two commands are @@ -3344,6 +3559,8 @@ example: exim '-D ABC = something' ... .endd &%-D%& may be repeated up to 10 times on a command line. +Only macro names up to 22 letters long can be set. + .vitem &%-d%&<&'debug&~options'&> .oindex "&%-d%&" @@ -3513,8 +3730,17 @@ if &%-f%& is also present, it overrides &"From&~"&. .vitem &%-G%& .oindex "&%-G%&" -.cindex "Sendmail compatibility" "&%-G%& option ignored" -This is a Sendmail option which is ignored by Exim. +.cindex "submission fixups, suppressing (command-line)" +This option is equivalent to an ACL applying: +.code +control = suppress_local_fixups +.endd +for every message received. Note that Sendmail will complain about such +bad formatting, where Exim silently just does not fix it up. This may change +in future. + +As this affects audit information, the caller must be a trusted user to use +this option. .vitem &%-h%&&~<&'number'&> .oindex "&%-h%&" @@ -3532,6 +3758,17 @@ line by itself should not terminate an incoming, non-SMTP message. I can find no documentation for this option in Solaris 2.4 Sendmail, but the &'mailx'& command in Solaris 2.4 uses it. See also &%-ti%&. +.vitem &%-L%&&~<&'tag'&> +.oindex "&%-L%&" +.cindex "syslog" "process name; set with flag" +This option is equivalent to setting &%syslog_processname%& in the config +file and setting &%log_file_path%& to &`syslog`&. +Its use is restricted to administrators. The configuration file has to be +read and parsed, to determine access rights, before this is set and takes +effect, so early configuration file errors will not honour this flag. + +The tag should not be longer than 32 characters. + .vitem &%-M%&&~<&'message&~id'&>&~<&'message&~id'&>&~... .oindex "&%-M%&" .cindex "forcing delivery" @@ -3583,6 +3820,18 @@ This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the connection to the remote host has been authenticated. +.vitem &%-MCD%& +.oindex "&%-MCD%&" +This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally +by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that the +remote host supports the ESMTP &_DSN_& extension. + +.vitem &%-MCG%& +.oindex "&%-MCG%&" +This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally +by Exim in conjunction with the &%-MC%& option. It signifies that an +alternate queue is used, named by the following option. + .vitem &%-MCP%& .oindex "&%-MCP%&" This option is not intended for use by external callers. It is used internally @@ -3722,6 +3971,14 @@ by an admin user. This option causes the contents of the message body (-D) spool file to be written to the standard output. This option can be used only by an admin user. +.vitem &%-Mvc%&&~<&'message&~id'&> +.oindex "&%-Mvc%&" +.cindex "message" "listing in RFC 2822 format" +.cindex "listing" "message in RFC 2822 format" +This option causes a copy of the complete message (header lines plus body) to +be written to the standard output in RFC 2822 format. This option can be used +only by an admin user. + .vitem &%-Mvh%&&~<&'message&~id'&> .oindex "&%-Mvh%&" .cindex "listing" "message headers" @@ -3764,9 +4021,10 @@ for that message. .vitem &%-n%& .oindex "&%-n%&" -.cindex "Sendmail compatibility" "&%-n%& option ignored" -This option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean &"no aliasing"&. It is ignored -by Exim. +This option is interpreted by Sendmail to mean &"no aliasing"&. +For normal modes of operation, it is ignored by Exim. +When combined with &%-bP%& it makes the output more terse (suppresses +option names, environment values and config pretty printing). .vitem &%-O%&&~<&'data'&> .oindex "&%-O%&" @@ -3880,8 +4138,8 @@ message. Provided this error message is successfully sent, the Exim receiving process exits with a return code of zero. If not, the return code is 2 if the problem -is that the original message has no recipients, or 1 any other error. This is -the default &%-oe%&&'x'& option if Exim is called as &'rmail'&. +is that the original message has no recipients, or 1 for any other error. +This is the default &%-oe%&&'x'& option if Exim is called as &'rmail'&. .vitem &%-oem%& .oindex "&%-oem%&" @@ -3985,6 +4243,20 @@ option sets the IP interface address value. A port number may be included, using the same syntax as for &%-oMa%&. The interface address is placed in &$received_ip_address$& and the port number, if present, in &$received_port$&. +.vitem &%-oMm%&&~<&'message&~reference'&> +.oindex "&%-oMm%&" +.cindex "message reference" "message reference, specifying for local message" +See &%-oMa%& above for general remarks about the &%-oM%& options. The &%-oMm%& +option sets the message reference, e.g. message-id, and is logged during +delivery. This is useful when some kind of audit trail is required to tie +messages together. The format of the message reference is checked and will +abort if the format is invalid. The option will only be accepted if exim is +running in trusted mode, not as any regular user. + +The best example of a message reference is when Exim sends a bounce message. +The message reference is the message-id of the original message for which Exim +is sending the bounce. + .vitem &%-oMr%&&~<&'protocol&~name'&> .oindex "&%-oMr%&" .cindex "protocol, specifying for local message" @@ -4094,7 +4366,7 @@ For compatibility with Sendmail, this option is equivalent to It sets the incoming protocol and host name (for trusted callers). The host name and its colon can be omitted when only the protocol is to be set. Note the Exim already has two private options, &%-pd%& and &%-ps%&, that refer -to embedded Perl. It is therefore impossible to set a protocol value of &`p`& +to embedded Perl. It is therefore impossible to set a protocol value of &`d`& or &`s`& using this option (but that does not seem a real limitation). .vitem &%-q%& @@ -4106,7 +4378,8 @@ relax this restriction (and also the same requirement for the &%-M%&, &%-R%&, and &%-S%& options). .cindex "queue runner" "description of operation" -The &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of +If other commandline options do not specify an action, +the &%-q%& option starts one queue runner process. This scans the queue of waiting messages, and runs a delivery process for each one in turn. It waits for each delivery process to finish before starting the next one. A delivery process may not actually do any deliveries if the retry times for the addresses @@ -4191,8 +4464,27 @@ The &'l'& (the letter &"ell"&) flag specifies that only local deliveries are to be done. If a message requires any remote deliveries, it remains on the queue for later delivery. -.vitem &%-q%&<&'qflags'&>&~<&'start&~id'&>&~<&'end&~id'&> +.vitem &%-q[q][i][f[f]][l][G[/