X-Git-Url: https://git.exim.org/exim.git/blobdiff_plain/9ec05e5e69d25b2c6a971ceb6381156f886272fa..a43a27c5e355a06131c36e68a63a0609b1da8307:/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff diff --git a/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff b/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff index 61abdfda7..bd43aecf8 100644 --- a/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff +++ b/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff @@ -1,753 +1,577 @@ -$Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff,v 1.74 2005/09/22 12:03:36 fanf2 Exp $ +$Cambridge: exim/doc/doc-txt/NewStuff,v 1.145 2007/03/13 15:32:47 ph10 Exp $ New Features in Exim -------------------- -This file contains descriptions of new features that have been added to Exim, -but have not yet made it into the main manual (which is most conveniently -updated when there is a relatively large batch of changes). The doc/ChangeLog -file contains a listing of all changes, including bug fixes. +This file contains descriptions of new features that have been added to Exim. +Before a formal release, there may be quite a lot of detail so that people can +test from the snapshots or the CVS before the documentation is updated. Once +the documentation is updated, this file is reduced to a short list. -Exim version 4.53 ------------------ - -TK/01 Added the "success_on_redirect" address verification option. When an - address generates new addresses during routing, Exim will abort - verification with "success" when more than one address has been - generated, but continue to verify a single new address. The latter - does not happen when the new "success_on_redirect" option is set, like - - require verify = recipient/success_on_redirect/callout=10s - - In that case, verification will succeed when a router generates a new - address. - -PH/01 Support for SQLite database lookups has been added. This is another - query-style lookup, but it is slightly different from the others because - a file name is required in addition to the SQL query. This is because an - SQLite database is a single file and there is no daemon as in other SQL - databases. The interface to Exim requires the name of the file, as an - absolute path, to be given at the start of the query. It is separated - from the query by white space. This means that the path name cannot - contain white space. Here is a lookup expansion example: - - ${lookup sqlite {/some/thing/sqlitedb \ - select name from aliases where id='ph10';}} - - In a list, the syntax is similar. For example: +Version 4.67 +------------ + + 1. There is a new log selector called smtp_no_mail, which is not included in + the default setting. When it is set, a line is written to the main log + whenever an accepted SMTP connection terminates without having issued a + MAIL command. This includes both the case when the connection is dropped, + and the case when QUIT is used. Note that it does not include cases where + the connection is rejected right at the start (by an ACL, or because there + are too many connections, or whatever). These cases already have their own + log lines. + + The log line that is written contains the identity of the client in the + usual way, followed by D= and a time, which records the duration of the + connection. If the connection was authenticated, this fact is logged + exactly as it is for an incoming message, with an A= item. If the + connection was encrypted, CV=, DN=, and X= items may appear as they do for + an incoming message, controlled by the same logging options. + + Finally, if any SMTP commands were issued during the connection, a C= item + is added to the line, listing the commands that were used. For example, + + C=EHLO,QUIT + + shows that the client issued QUIT straight after EHLO. If there were fewer + than 20 commands, they are all listed. If there were more than 20 commands, + the last 20 are listed, preceded by "...". However, with the default + setting of 10 for smtp_accep_max_nonmail, the connection will in any case + be aborted before 20 non-mail commands are processed. + + 2. When an item in a dnslists list is followed by = and & and a list of IP + addresses, in order to restrict the match to specific results from the DNS + lookup, the behaviour was not clear when the lookup returned more than one + IP address. For example, consider the condition + + dnslists = a.b.c=127.0.0.1 + + What happens if the DNS lookup for the incoming IP address yields both + 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.0.2 by means of two separate DNS records? Is the + condition true because at least one given value was found, or is it false + because at least one of the found values was not listed? And how does this + affect negated conditions? + + The behaviour of = and & has not been changed; however, the text below + documents it more clearly. In addition, two new additional conditions (== + and =&) have been added, to permit the "other" behaviour to be configured. + + A DNS lookup may yield more than one record. Thus, the result of the lookup + for a dnslists check may yield more than one IP address. The question then + arises as to whether all the looked up addresses must be listed, or whether + just one is good enough. Both possibilities are provided for: + + . If = or & is used, the condition is true if any one of the looked up + IP addresses matches one of the listed addresses. Consider: + + dnslists = a.b.c=127.0.0.1 + + If the DNS lookup yields both 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.0.2, the condition is + true because 127.0.0.1 matches. + + . If == or =& is used, the condition is true only if every one of the + looked up IP addresses matches one of the listed addresses. Consider: + + dnslists = a.b.c==127.0.0.1 + + If the DNS lookup yields both 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.0.2, the condition is + false because 127.0.0.2 is not listed. You would need to have + + dnslists = a.b.c==127.0.0.1,127.0.0.2 + + for the condition to be true. + + When ! is used to negate IP address matching, it inverts the result, giving + the precise opposite of the behaviour above. Thus: + + . If != or !& is used, the condition is true if none of the looked up IP + addresses matches one of the listed addresses. Consider: + + dnslists = a.b.c!&0.0.0.1 + + If the DNS lookup yields both 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.0.2, the condition is + false because 127.0.0.1 matches. + + . If !== or !=& is used, the condition is true there is at least one looked + up IP address that does not match. Consider: + + dnslists = a.b.c!=&0.0.0.1 + + If the DNS lookup yields both 127.0.0.1 and 127.0.0.2, the condition is + true, because 127.0.0.2 does not match. You would need to have + + dnslists = a.b.c!=&0.0.0.1,0.0.0.2 + + for the condition to be false. + + When the DNS lookup yields only a single IP address, there is no difference + between = and == and between & and =&. + + 3. Up till now, the only control over which cipher suites GnuTLS uses has been + for the cipher algorithms. New options have been added to allow some of the + other parameters to be varied. Here is complete documentation for the + available features: + + GnuTLS allows the caller to specify separate lists of permitted key + exchange methods, main cipher algorithms, and MAC algorithms. These may be + used in any combination to form a specific cipher suite. This is unlike + OpenSSL, where complete cipher names can be passed to its control function. + GnuTLS also allows a list of acceptable protocols to be supplied. + + For compatibility with OpenSSL, the tls_require_ciphers option can be set + to complete cipher suite names such as RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA, but for GnuTLS this + option controls only the cipher algorithms. Exim searches each item in the + list for the name of an available algorithm. For example, if the list + contains RSA_AES_SHA, then AES is recognized, and the behaviour is exactly + the same as if just AES were given. + + There are additional options called gnutls_require_kx, gnutls_require_mac, + and gnutls_require_protocols that can be used to restrict the key exchange + methods, MAC algorithms, and protocols, respectively. These options are + ignored if OpenSSL is in use. + + All four options are available as global options, controlling how Exim + behaves as a server, and also as options of the smtp transport, controlling + how Exim behaves as a client. All the values are string expanded. After + expansion, the values must be colon-separated lists, though the separator + can be changed in the usual way. + + Each of the four lists starts out with a default set of algorithms. If the + first item in one of the "require" options does _not_ start with an + exclamation mark, all the default items are deleted. In this case, only + those that are explicitly specified can be used. If the first item in one + of the "require" items _does_ start with an exclamation mark, the defaults + are left on the list. + + Then, any item that starts with an exclamation mark causes the relevant + entry to be removed from the list, and any item that does not start with an + exclamation mark causes a new entry to be added to the list. Unrecognized + items in the list are ignored. Thus: + + tls_require_ciphers = !ARCFOUR + + allows all the defaults except ARCFOUR, whereas + + tls_require_ciphers = AES : 3DES + + allows only cipher suites that use AES or 3DES. For tls_require_ciphers + the recognized names are AES_256, AES_128, AES (both of the preceding), + 3DES, ARCFOUR_128, ARCFOUR_40, and ARCFOUR (both of the preceding). The + default list does not contain all of these; it just has AES_256, AES_128, + 3DES, and ARCFOUR_128. + + For gnutls_require_kx, the recognized names are DHE_RSA, RSA (which + includes DHE_RSA), DHE_DSS, and DHE (which includes both DHE_RSA and + DHE_DSS). The default list contains RSA, DHE_DSS, DHE_RSA. + + For gnutls_require_mac, the recognized names are SHA (synonym SHA1), and + MD5. The default list contains SHA, MD5. + + For gnutls_require_protocols, the recognized names are TLS1 and SSL3. + The default list contains TLS1, SSL3. + + In a server, the order of items in these lists is unimportant. The server + will advertise the availability of all the relevant cipher suites. However, + in a client, the order in the tls_require_ciphers list specifies a + preference order for the cipher algorithms. The first one in the client's + list that is also advertised by the server is tried first. + + 4. There is a new compile-time option called ENABLE_DISABLE_FSYNC. You must + not set this option unless you really, really, really understand what you + are doing. No pre-compiled distributions of Exim should ever set this + option. When it is set, Exim compiles a runtime option called + disable_fsync. If this is set true, Exim no longer calls fsync() to force + updated files' data to be written to disc. Unexpected events such as + crashes and power outages may cause data to be lost or scrambled. Beware. + + When ENABLE_DISABLE_FSYNC is not set, a reference to disable_fsync in a + runtime configuration generates an "unknown option" error. + + 5. There is a new variable called $smtp_count_at_connection_start. The name + is deliberately long, in order to emphasize what the contents are. This + variable is set greater than zero only in processes spawned by the Exim + daemon for handling incoming SMTP connections. When the daemon accepts a + new connection, it increments this variable. A copy of the variable is + passed to the child process that handles the connection, but its value is + fixed, and never changes. It is only an approximation of how many incoming + connections there actually are, because many other connections may come and + go while a single connection is being processed. When a child process + terminates, the daemon decrements the variable. + + 6. There's a new control called no_pipelining, which does what its name + suggests. It turns off the advertising of the PIPELINING extension to SMTP. + To be useful, this control must be obeyed before Exim sends its response to + an EHLO command. Therefore, it should normally appear in an ACL controlled + by acl_smtp_connect or acl_smtp_helo. + + 7. There are two new variables called $sending_ip_address and $sending_port. + These are set whenever an SMTP connection to another host has been set up, + and they contain the IP address and port of the local interface that is + being used. They are of interest only on hosts that have more than on IP + address that want to take on different personalities depending on which one + is being used. + + 8. The expansion of the helo_data option in the smtp transport now happens + after the connection to the server has been made. This means that it can + use the value of $sending_ip_address (see 7 above) to vary the text of the + message. For example, if you want the string that is used for helo_data to + be obtained by a DNS lookup of the interface address, you could use this: + + helo_data = ${lookup dnsdb{ptr=$sending_ip_address}{$value}\ + {$primary_hostname}} + + The use of helo_data applies both to sending messages and when doing + callouts. + + 9. There is a new expansion operator ${rfc2047d: that decodes strings that + are encoded as per RFC 2047. Binary zero bytes are replaced by question + marks. Characters are converted into the character set defined by + headers_charset. Overlong RFC 2047 "words" are not recognized unless + check_rfc2047_length is set false. + +10. There is a new log selector called "pid", which causes the current process + id to be added to every log line, in square brackets, immediately after the + time and date. + +11. Exim has been modified so that it flushes SMTP output before implementing + a delay in an ACL. It also flushes the output before performing a callout, + as this can take a substantial time. These behaviours can be disabled by + obeying control = no_delay_flush or control = no_callout_flush, + respectively, at some earlier stage of the connection. The effect of the + new default behaviour is to disable the PIPELINING optimization in these + situations, in order to avoid unexpected timeouts in clients. + +12. There are two new expansion conditions that iterate over a list. They are + called forany and forall, and they are used like this: + + ${if forany{}{}{}{}} + ${if forall{}{}{}{}} + + The first argument is expanded, and the result is treated as a list. By + default, the list separator is a colon, but it can be changed by the normal + method. The second argument is interpreted as a condition that is to be + applied to each item in the list in turn. During the interpretation of the + condition, the current list item is placed in a variable called $item. + + - For forany, interpretation stops if the condition is true for any item, + and the yes-string is then expanded. If the condition is false for all + items in the list, the no-string is expanded. + + - For forall, interpration stops if the condition is false for any item, + and the no-string is then expanded. If the condition is true for all + items in the list, the yes-string is expanded. + + Note that negation of forany means that the condition must be false for all + items for the overall condition to succeed, and negation of forall means + that the condition must be false for at least one item. + + In this example, the list separator is changed to a comma: + + ${if forany{<, $recipients}{match{$item}{^user3@}}{yes}{no}} + + Outside a forany/forall condition, the value of $item is an empty string. + Its value is saved and restored while forany/forall is being processed, to + enable these expansion items to be nested. + +13. There's a new global option called dsn_from that can be used to vary the + contents of From: lines in bounces and other automatically generated + messages ("delivery status notifications" - hence the name of the option). + The default setting is: + + dsn_from = Mail Delivery System + + The value is expanded every time it is needed. If the expansion fails, a + panic is logged, and the default setting is used. + +14. The smtp transport has a new option called hosts_avoid_pipelining. It can + be used to suppress the use of PIPELINING to certain hosts, while still + supporting the other SMTP extensions (cf hosts_avoid_tls). + +15. By default, exigrep does case-insensitive matches. There is now a -I option + that makes it case-sensitive. This may give a performance improvement when + searching large log files. Without -I, the Perl pattern matches use the /i + option; with -I they don't. In both cases it is possible to change the case + sensitivity within the pattern using (?i) or (?-i). + +16. A number of new features have been added to string expansions to make it + easier to process lists of items, typically addresses. These are as + follows: + + * ${addresses:} + + The string (after expansion) is interpreted as a list of addresses in RFC + 2822 format, such as can be found in a To: or Cc: header line. The + operative address (local-part@domain) is extracted from each item, and the + result of the expansion is a colon-separated list, with appropriate + doubling of colons should any happen to be present in the email addresses. + Syntactically invalid RFC2822 address items are omitted from the output. + + It is possible to specify a character other than colon for the output + separator by starting the string with > followed by the new separator + character. For example: - domainlist relay_domains = sqlite;/some/thing/sqlitedb \ - select * from relays where ip='$sender_host_address'; - - The only character affected by the ${quote_sqlite: operator is a single - quote, which it doubles. - - The SQLite library handles multiple simultaneous accesses to the database - internally. Multiple readers are permitted, but only one process can - update at once. Attempts to access the database while it is being updated - are rejected after a timeout period, during which the SQLite library - waits for the lock to be released. In Exim, the default timeout is set - to 5 seconds, but it can be changed by means of the sqlite_lock_timeout - option. - - Note that you must set LOOKUP_SQLITE=yes in Local/Makefile in order to - obtain SQLite support, and you will also need to add -lsqlite3 to the - EXTRALIBS setting. And of course, you have to install SQLite on your - host first. - -PH/02 The variable $message_id is now deprecated, to be replaced by - $message_exim_id, which makes it clearer which ID is being referenced. - -PH/03 The use of forbid_filter_existstest now also locks out the use of the - ${stat: expansion item. - -PH/04 The IGNOREQUOTA extension to the LMTP protocol is now available in both - the lmtp transport and the smtp transport running in LMTP mode. In the - lmtp transport there is a new Boolean option called ignore_quota, and in - the smtp transport there is a new Boolean option called - lmtp_ignore_quota. If either of these options is set TRUE, the string - "IGNOREQUOTA" is added to RCPT commands when using the LMTP protocol, - provided that the server has advertised support for IGNOREQUOTA in its - response to the LHLO command. - -PH/05 Previously, if "verify = helo" was set in an ACL, the condition was true - only if the host matched helo_try_verify_hosts, which caused the - verification to occur when the EHLO/HELO command was issued. The ACL just - tested the remembered result. Now, if a previous verification attempt has - not happened, "verify = helo" does it there and then. - -PH/06 It is now possible to specify a port number along with a host name or - IP address in the list of hosts defined in the manualroute or - queryprogram routers, fallback_hosts, or the "hosts" option of the smtp - transport. These all override any port specification on the transport. - The relatively standard syntax of using a colon separator has been - adopted, but there are some gotchas that need attention: - - * In all these lists of hosts, colon is the default separator, so either - the colon that specifies a port must be doubled, or the separator must - be changed. The following two examples have the same effect: - - fallback_hosts = host1.tld::1225 : host2.tld::1226 - fallback_hosts = <; host1.tld:1225 ; host2.tld:1226 - - * When IPv6 addresses are involved, it gets worse, because they contain - colons of their own. To make this case easier, it is permitted to - enclose an IP address (either v4 or v6) in square brackets if a port - number follows. Here's an example from a manualroute router: - - route_list = * "" and "MAIL FROM: <>". - -TF/01 There's a new script in util/ratelimit.pl which extracts sending - rates from log files, to assist with choosing appropriate settings - when deploying the ratelimit ACL condition. - -PH/13 A new letter, "H", is available in retry parameter sets. It is similar - to "G" (geometric increasing time intervals), except that the interval - before the next retry is randomized. Each time, the previous interval is - multiplied by the factor in order to get a maximum for the next interval. - The mininum interval is the first argument of the parameter, and an - actual interval is chosen randomly between them. Such a rule has been - found to be helpful in cluster configurations when all the members of the - cluster restart at once, and may synchronize their queue processing - times. - -PH/14 The options never_users, trusted_users, admin_groups, and trusted_groups - are now expanded when the configuration file is read. - - -Exim version 4.52 ------------------ - -TF/01 Support for checking Client SMTP Authorization has been added. CSA is a - system which allows a site to advertise which machines are and are not - permitted to send email. This is done by placing special SRV records in - the DNS, which are looked up using the client's HELO domain. At this - time CSA is still an Internet-Draft. - - Client SMTP Authorization checks are performed by the ACL condition - verify=csa. This will fail if the client is not authorized. If there is - a DNS problem, or if no valid CSA SRV record is found, or if the client - is authorized, the condition succeeds. These three cases can be - distinguished using the expansion variable $csa_status, which can take - one of the values "fail", "defer", "unknown", or "ok". The condition - does not itself defer because that would be likely to cause problems - for legitimate email. - - The error messages produced by the CSA code include slightly more - detail. If $csa_status is "defer" this may be because of problems - looking up the CSA SRV record, or problems looking up the CSA target - address record. There are four reasons for $csa_status being "fail": - the client's host name is explicitly not authorized; the client's IP - address does not match any of the CSA target IP addresses; the client's - host name is authorized but it has no valid target IP addresses (e.g. - the target's addresses are IPv6 and the client is using IPv4); or the - client's host name has no CSA SRV record but a parent domain has - asserted that all subdomains must be explicitly authorized. - - The verify=csa condition can take an argument which is the domain to - use for the DNS query. The default is verify=csa/$sender_helo_name. - - This implementation includes an extension to CSA. If the query domain - is an address literal such as [192.0.2.95], or if it is a bare IP - address, Exim will search for CSA SRV records in the reverse DNS as if - the HELO domain was e.g. 95.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. Therefore it is - meaningful to say, for example, verify=csa/$sender_host_address - in - fact, this is the check that Exim performs if the client does not say - HELO. This extension can be turned off by setting the main - configuration option dns_csa_use_reverse = false. - - If a CSA SRV record is not found for the domain itself, then a search - is performed through its parent domains for a record which might be - making assertions about subdomains. The maximum depth of this search is - limited using the main configuration option dns_csa_search_limit, which - takes the value 5 by default. Exim does not look for CSA SRV records in - a top level domain, so the default settings handle HELO domains as long - as seven (hostname.five.four.three.two.one.com) which encompasses the - vast majority of legitimate HELO domains. - - The dnsdb lookup also has support for CSA. Although dnsdb already - supports SRV lookups, this is not sufficient because of the extra - parent domain search behaviour of CSA, and (as with PTR lookups) - dnsdb also turns IP addresses into lookups in the reverse DNS space. - The result of ${lookup dnsdb {csa=$sender_helo_name} } has two - space-separated fields: an authorization code and a target host name. - The authorization code can be "Y" for yes, "N" for no, "X" for explicit - authorization required but absent, or "?" for unknown. - -PH/01 The amount of output produced by the "make" process has been reduced, - because the compile lines are often rather long, making it all pretty - unreadable. The new style is along the lines of the 2.6 Linux kernel: - just a short line for each module that is being compiled or linked. - However, it is still possible to get the full output, by calling "make" - like this: - - FULLECHO='' make -e - - The value of FULLECHO defaults to "@", the flag character that suppresses - command reflection in "make". When you ask for the full output, it is - given in addition to the the short output. - -TF/02 There have been two changes concerned with submission mode: - - Until now submission mode always left the return path alone, whereas - locally-submitted messages from untrusted users have the return path - fixed to the user's email address. Submission mode now fixes the return - path to the same address as is used to create the Sender: header. If - /sender_retain is specified then both the Sender: header and the return - path are left alone. - - Note that the changes caused by submission mode take effect after the - predata ACL. This means that any sender checks performed before the - fix-ups will use the untrusted sender address specified by the user, not - the trusted sender address specified by submission mode. Although this - might be slightly unexpected, it does mean that you can configure ACL - checks to spot that a user is trying to spoof another's address, for - example. - - There is also a new /name= option for submission mode which allows you - to specify the user's full name to be included in the Sender: header. - For example: - - accept authenticated = * - control = submission/name=${lookup {$authenticated_id} \ - lsearch {/etc/exim/namelist} } - - The namelist file contains entries like - - fanf: Tony Finch - - And the resulting Sender: header looks like - - Sender: Tony Finch - -TF/03 The control = fakereject ACL modifier now has a fakedefer counterpart, - which works in exactly the same way except it causes a fake SMTP 450 - response after the message data instead of a fake SMTP 550 response. - You must take care when using fakedefer because it will cause messages - to be duplicated when the sender retries. Therefore you should not use - fakedefer if the message will be delivered normally. - -TF/04 There is a new ratelimit ACL condition which can be used to measure - and control the rate at which clients can send email. This is more - powerful than the existing smtp_ratelimit_* options, because those - options only control the rate of commands in a single SMTP session, - whereas the new ratelimit condition works across all connections - (concurrent and sequential) to the same host. - - The syntax of the ratelimit condition is: - - ratelimit = /

/ / - - If the average client sending rate is less than m messages per time - period p then the condition is false, otherwise it is true. - - The parameter p is the smoothing time constant, in the form of an Exim - time interval e.g. 8h for eight hours. A larger time constant means it - takes Exim longer to forget a client's past behaviour. The parameter m is - the maximum number of messages that a client can send in a fast burst. By - increasing both m and p but keeping m/p constant, you can allow a client - to send more messages in a burst without changing its overall sending - rate limit. Conversely, if m and p are both small then messages must be - sent at an even rate. - - The key is used to look up the data used to calculate the client's - average sending rate. This data is stored in a database maintained by - Exim in its spool directory alongside the retry database etc. For - example, you can limit the sending rate of each authenticated user, - independent of the computer they are sending from, by setting the key - to $authenticated_id. The default key is $sender_host_address. - Internally, Exim includes the smoothing constant p and the options in - the lookup key because they alter the meaning of the stored data. - This is not true for the limit m, so you can alter the configured - maximum rate and Exim will still remember clients' past behaviour, - but if you alter the other ratelimit parameters Exim will effectively - forget their past behaviour. - - Each ratelimit condition can have up to two options. The first option - specifies what Exim measures the rate of, and the second specifies how - Exim handles excessively fast clients. The options are separated by a - slash, like the other parameters. - - The per_mail option means that it measures the client's rate of sending - messages. This is the default if none of the per_* options is specified. - - The per_conn option means that it measures the client's connection rate. - - The per_byte option limits the sender's email bandwidth. Note that it - is best to use this option in the DATA ACL; if it is used in an earlier - ACL it relies on the SIZE parameter on the MAIL command, which may be - inaccurate or completely missing. You can follow the limit m in the - configuration with K, M, or G to specify limits in kilobytes, - megabytes, or gigabytes respectively. - - The per_cmd option means that Exim recomputes the rate every time the - condition is processed, which can be used to limit the SMTP command rate. - The alias per_rcpt is provided for use in the RCPT ACL instead of per_cmd - to make it clear that the effect is to limit the rate at which recipients - are accepted. Note that in this case the rate limiting engine will see a - message with many recipients as a large high-speed burst. - - If a client's average rate is greater than the maximum, the rate - limiting engine can react in two possible ways, depending on the - presence of the strict or leaky options. This is independent of the - other counter-measures (e.g. rejecting the message) that may be - specified by the rest of the ACL. The default mode is leaky, which - avoids a sender's over-aggressive retry rate preventing it from getting - any email through. - - The strict option means that the client's recorded rate is always - updated. The effect of this is that Exim measures the client's average - rate of attempts to send email, which can be much higher than the - maximum. If the client is over the limit it will be subjected to - counter-measures until it slows down below the maximum rate. The - smoothing period determines the time it takes for a high sending rate - to decay exponentially to 37% of its peak value, which means that you - can work out the time (the number of smoothing periods) that a client - is subjected to counter-measures after an over-limit burst with the - formula ln(peakrate/maxrate). - - The leaky option means that the client's recorded rate is not updated - if it is above the limit. The effect of this is that Exim measures the - client's average rate of successfully sent email, which cannot be - greater than the maximum. If the client is over the limit it will - suffer some counter-measures, but it will still be able to send email - at the configured maximum rate, whatever the rate of its attempts. - - As a side-effect, the ratelimit condition will set the expansion - variables $sender_rate containing the client's computed rate, - $sender_rate_limit containing the configured value of m, and - $sender_rate_period containing the configured value of p. - - Exim's other ACL facilities are used to define what counter-measures - are taken when the rate limit is exceeded. This might be anything from - logging a warning (e.g. while measuring existing sending rates in order - to define our policy), through time delays to slow down fast senders, - up to rejecting the message. For example, - - # Log all senders' rates - warn - ratelimit = 0 / 1h / strict - log_message = \ - Sender rate $sender_rate > $sender_rate_limit / $sender_rate_period - - # Slow down fast senders - warn - ratelimit = 100 / 1h / per_rcpt / strict - delay = ${eval: 10 * ($sender_rate - $sender_rate_limit) } - - # Keep authenticated users under control - deny - ratelimit = 100 / 1d / strict / $authenticated_id - - # System-wide rate limit - defer - message = Sorry, too busy. Try again later. - ratelimit = 10 / 1s / $primary_hostname - - # Restrict incoming rate from each host, with a default rate limit - # set using a macro and special cases looked up in a table. - defer - message = Sender rate $sender_rate exceeds \ - $sender_rate_limit messages per $sender_rate_period - ratelimit = ${lookup {$sender_host_address} \ - cdb {DB/ratelimits.cdb} \ - {$value} {RATELIMIT} } - - Warning: if you have a busy server with a lot of ratelimit tests, - especially with the per_rcpt option, you may suffer from a performance - bottleneck caused by locking on the ratelimit hints database. Apart from - making your ACLs less complicated, you can reduce the problem by using a - RAM disk for Exim's hints directory, /var/spool/exim/db/. However this - means that Exim will lose its hints data after a reboot (including retry - hints, the callout cache, and ratelimit data). - -TK/01 Added an 'spf' lookup type that will return an SPF result for a given - email address (the key) and an IP address (the database): - - ${lookup {tom@duncanthrax.net} spf{217.115.139.137}} - - The lookup will return the same result strings as they can appear in - $spf_result (pass,fail,softfail,neutral,none,err_perm,err_temp). The - lookup is armored in EXPERIMENTAL_SPF. Currently, only IPv4 addresses - are supported. - - Patch submitted by Chris Webb . - -PH/02 There's a new verify callout option, "fullpostmaster", which first acts - as "postmaster" and checks the recipient . If that - fails, it tries just , without a domain, in accordance with - the specification in RFC 2821. - -PH/03 The action of the auto_thaw option has been changed. It no longer applies - to frozen bounce messages. - -TK/02 There are two new expansion items to help with the implementation of - the BATV "prvs" scheme in an Exim configuration: - - - ${prvs {

}{}{[KEYNUM]}} - - The "prvs" expansion item takes three arguments: A qualified RFC2821 - email address, a key and an (optional) key number. All arguments are - expanded before being used, so it is easily possible to lookup a key - and key number using the address as the lookup key. The key number is - optional and defaults to "0". The item will expand to a "prvs"-signed - email address, to be typically used with the "return_path" option on - a smtp transport. The decision if BATV should be used with a given - sender/recipient pair should be done on router level, to avoid having - to set "max_rcpt = 1" on the transport. - - - ${prvscheck {
}{}{}} - - The "prvscheck" expansion item takes three arguments. Argument 1 is - expanded first. When the expansion does not yield a SYNTACTICALLY - valid "prvs"-scheme address, the whole "prvscheck" item expands to - the empty string. If
is a "prvs"-encoded address after - expansion, two expansion variables are set up: + ${addresses:>& The Boss , sec@base.ment (dogsbody)} - $prvscheck_address Contains the "prvs"-decoded version of - the address from argument 1. + expands to "ceo@up.stairs&sec@base.ment". Compare ${address (singular), + which extracts the working address from a single RFC2822 address. - $prvscheck_keynum Contains the key number extracted from - the "prvs"-address in argument 1. + * ${map{}{}} - These two variables can be used in the expansion code of argument 2 - to retrieve the . The VALIDITY of the "prvs"-signed address - is then checked. The result is stored in yet another expansion - variable: + After expansion, is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by + default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way. For each item + in this list, its value is place in $item, and then is expanded + and added to the output as an item in a new list. The separator used for + the output list is the same as the one used for the input, but is not + included in the output. For example: - $prvscheck_result Contains the result of a "prvscheck" - expansion: Unset (the empty string) for - failure, "1" for success. + ${map{a:b:c}{[$item]}} ${map{<- x-y-z}{($item)}} - The "prvscheck" expansion expands to the empty string if
- is not a SYNTACTICALLY valid "prvs"-scheme address. Otherwise, - argument 3 defines what "prvscheck" expands to: If argument 3 - is the empty string, "prvscheck" expands to the decoded version - of the address (no matter if it is CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY valid or not). - If argument 3 expands to a non-empty string, "prvscheck" expands - to that string. + expands to "[a]:[b]:[c] (x)-(y)-(z)". At the end of the expansion, the + value of $item is restored to what it was before. + * ${filter{}{}} - Usage example - ------------- + After expansion, is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by + default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way. For each item + in this list, its value is place in $item, and then the condition is + evaluated. If the condition is true, $item is added to the output as an + item in a new list; if the condition is false, the item is discarded. The + separator used for the output list is the same as the one used for the + input, but is not included in the output. For example: - Macro: + ${filter{a:b:c}{!eq{$item}{b}} - PRVSCHECK_SQL = ${lookup mysql{SELECT secret FROM batv_prvs WHERE \ - sender='${quote_mysql:$prvscheck_address}'}{$value}} + yields "a:c". At the end of the expansion, the value of $item is restored + to what it was before. - RCPT ACL: + * ${reduce{}{}{}} - # Bounces: drop unsigned addresses for BATV senders - deny message = This address does not send an unsigned reverse path. - senders = : - recipients = +batv_recipients + The ${reduce expansion operation reduces a list to a single, scalar string. + After expansion, is interpreted as a list, colon-separated by + default, but the separator can be changed in the usual way. Then + is expanded and assigned to the $value variable. After this, each item in + the list is assigned to $item in turn, and is expanded + for each of them. The result of that expansion is assigned to $value before + the next iteration. When the end of the list is reached, the final value of + $value is added to the expansion string. The ${reduce expansion item can be + used in a number of ways. For example, to add up a list of numbers: - # Bounces: In case of prvs-signed address, check signature. - deny message = Invalid reverse path signature. - senders = : - condition = ${prvscheck {$local_part@$domain}{PRVSCHECK_SQL}{1}} - !condition = $prvscheck_result + ${reduce {<, 1,2,3}{0}{${eval:$value+$item}}} - Top-Level Router: + The result of that expansion would be "6". The maximum of a list of numbers + can be found: - batv_redirect: - driver = redirect - data = ${prvscheck {$local_part@$domain}{PRVSCHECK_SQL}{}} + ${reduce {3:0:9:4:6}{0}{${if >{$item}{$value}{$item}{$value}}}} - Transport (referenced by router that makes decision if - BATV is applicable): + At the end of a ${reduce expansion, the values of $item and $value is + restored to what they were before. - external_smtp_batv: - driver = smtp - return_path = ${prvs {$return_path} \ - {${lookup mysql{SELECT \ - secret FROM batv_prvs WHERE \ - sender='${quote_mysql:$sender_address}'} \ - {$value}fail}}} +17. There's a new ACL modifier called "continue". It does nothing of itself, + and processing of the ACL always continues with the next condition or + modifier. It is provided so that the side effects of expanding its argument + can be used. Typically this would be for updating a database. It is really + just a syntactic tidiness, because the following two lines have the same + effect: -PH/04 There are two new options that control the retrying done by the daemon - at startup when it cannot immediately bind a socket (typically because - the socket is already in use). The default values reproduce what were - built-in constants previously: daemon_startup_retries defines the number - of retries after the first failure (default 9); daemon_startup_sleep - defines the length of time to wait between retries (default 30s). + continue = + condition = ${if eq{0}{}{true}{true}} -PH/05 There is now a new ${if condition called "match_ip". It is similar to - match_domain, etc. It must be followed by two argument strings. The first - (after expansion) must be an IP address or an empty string. The second - (after expansion) is a restricted host list that can match only an IP - address, not a host name. For example: +18. It is now possible to use newline and other control characters (those with + values less than 32, plus DEL) as separators in lists. Such separators must + be provided literally at the time the list is processed, but the string + expansion that happens first means that you can write them using normal + escape sequences. For example, if a new-line separated list of domains is + generated by a lookup, you can now process it directly by a line such as + this: - ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8}{...}{...}} + domains = <\n ${lookup mysql{.....}} - The specific types of host list item that are permitted in the list are - shown below. Consult the manual section on host lists for further - details. + This avoids having to change the list separator in such data. Unlike + printing character separators, which can be included in list items by + doubling, it is not possible to include a control character as data when it + is set as the separator. Two such characters in succession are interpreted + as enclosing an empty list item. - . An IP address, optionally with a CIDR mask. +19. The exigrep utility now has a -v option, which inverts the matching + condition. - . A single asterisk matches any IP address. +20. The host_find_failed option in the manualroute router can now be set to + "ignore". This causes it to completely ignore a host whose IP address + cannot be found. If all the hosts in the list are ignored, the behaviour is + controlled by the new host_all_ignored option, which takes the same values + as host_find_failed, except that it cannot be set to "ignore". Its default + is "defer". - . An empty item matches only if the IP address is empty. This could be - useful for testing for a locally submitted message or one from specific - hosts in a single test such as - ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{:4.3.2.1:...}{...}{...}} +Version 4.66 +------------ + +No new features were added to 4.66. + + +Version 4.65 +------------ + +No new features were added to 4.65. + + +Version 4.64 +------------ + + 1. ACL variables can now be given arbitrary names, as long as they start with + "acl_c" or "acl_m" (for connection variables and message variables), are at + least six characters long, with the sixth character being either a digit or + an underscore. + + 2. There is a new ACL modifier called log_reject_target. It makes it possible + to specify which logs are used for messages about ACL rejections. + + 3. There is a new authenticator called "dovecot". This is an interface to the + authentication facility of the Dovecot POP/IMAP server, which can support a + number of authentication methods. + + 4. The variable $message_headers_raw provides a concatenation of all the + messages's headers without any decoding. This is in contrast to + $message_headers, which does RFC2047 decoding on the header contents. + + 5. In a DNS black list, if two domain names, comma-separated, are given, the + second is used first to do an initial check, making use of any IP value + restrictions that are set. If there is a match, the first domain is used, + without any IP value restrictions, to get the TXT record. + + 6. All authenticators now have a server_condition option. + + 7. There is a new command-line option called -Mset. It is useful only in + conjunction with -be (that is, when testing string expansions). It must be + followed by a message id; Exim loads the given message from its spool + before doing the expansions. - where the first item in the list is the empty string. + 8. Another similar new command-line option is called -bem. It operates like + -be except that it must be followed by the name of a file that contains a + message. - . The item @[] matches any of the local host's interface addresses. + 9. When an address is delayed because of a 4xx response to a RCPT command, it + is now the combination of sender and recipient that is delayed in + subsequent queue runs until its retry time is reached. - . Lookups are assumed to be "net-" style lookups, even if "net-" is not - specified. Thus, the following are equivalent: +10. Unary negation and the bitwise logical operators and, or, xor, not, and + shift, have been added to the eval: and eval10: expansion items. - ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{lsearch;/some/file}... - ${if match_ip{$sender_host_address}{net-lsearch;/some/file}... +11. The variables $interface_address and $interface_port have been renamed + as $received_ip_address and $received_port, to make it clear that they + relate to message reception rather than delivery. (The old names remain + available for compatibility.) - You do need to specify the "net-" prefix if you want to specify a - specific address mask, for example, by using "net24-". +12. The "message" modifier can now be used on "accept" and "discard" acl verbs + to vary the message that is sent when an SMTP command is accepted. -PH/06 The "+all" debug selector used to set the flags for all possible output; - it is something that people tend to use semi-automatically when - generating debug output for me or for the list. However, by including - "+memory", an awful lot of output that is very rarely of interest was - generated. I have changed this so that "+all" no longer includes - "+memory". However, "-all" still turns everything off. +Version 4.63 +------------ -Version 4.51 +1. There is a new Boolean option called filter_prepend_home for the redirect + router. + +2. There is a new acl, set by acl_not_smtp_start, which is run right at the + start of receiving a non-SMTP message, before any of the message has been + read. + +3. When an SMTP error message is specified in a "message" modifier in an ACL, + or in a :fail: or :defer: message in a redirect router, Exim now checks the + start of the message for an SMTP error code. + +4. There is a new parameter for LDAP lookups called "referrals", which takes + one of the settings "follow" (the default) or "nofollow". + +5. Version 20070721.2 of exipick now included, offering these new options: + --reverse + After all other sorting options have bee processed, reverse order + before displaying messages (-R is synonym). + --random + Randomize order of matching messages before displaying. + --size + Instead of displaying the matching messages, display the sum + of their sizes. + --sort [,...] + Before displaying matching messages, sort the messages according to + each messages value for each variable. + --not + Negate the value for every test (returns inverse output from the + same criteria without --not). + + +Version 4.62 ------------ -PH/01 The format in which GnuTLS parameters are written to the gnutls-param - file in the spool directory has been changed. This change has been made - to alleviate problems that some people had with the generation of the - parameters by Exim when /dev/random was exhausted. In this situation, - Exim would hang until /dev/random acquired some more entropy. +1. The ${readsocket expansion item now supports Internet domain sockets as well + as Unix domain sockets. If the first argument begins "inet:", it must be of + the form "inet:host:port". The port is mandatory; it may be a number or the + name of a TCP port in /etc/services. The host may be a name, or it may be an + IP address. An ip address may optionally be enclosed in square brackets. + This is best for IPv6 addresses. For example: + + ${readsocket{inet:[::1]:1234}{}... + + Only a single host name may be given, but if looking it up yield more than + one IP address, they are each tried in turn until a connection is made. Once + a connection has been made, the behaviour is as for ${readsocket with a Unix + domain socket. + +2. If a redirect router sets up file or pipe deliveries for more than one + incoming address, and the relevant transport has batch_max set greater than + one, a batch delivery now occurs. + +3. The appendfile transport has a new option called maildirfolder_create_regex. + Its value is a regular expression. For a maildir delivery, this is matched + against the maildir directory; if it matches, Exim ensures that a + maildirfolder file is created alongside the new, cur, and tmp directories. + + +Version 4.61 +------------ - The new code exports and imports the DH and RSA parameters in PEM - format. This means that the parameters can be generated externally using - the certtool command that is part of GnuTLS. +The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.61 release. Major new features since +the 4.60 release are: - To replace the parameters with new ones, instead of deleting the file - and letting Exim re-create it, you can generate new parameters using - certtool and, when this has been done, replace Exim's cache file by - renaming. The relevant commands are something like this: +. An option called disable_ipv6, to disable the use of IPv6 completely. - # rm -f new.params - # touch new.params - # chown exim:exim new.params - # chmod 0400 new.params - # certtool --generate-privkey --bits 512 >new.params - # echo "" >>new.params - # certtool --generate-dh-params --bits 1024 >> new.params - # mv new.params params +. An increase in the number of ACL variables to 20 of each type. - If Exim never has to generate the parameters itself, the possibility of - stalling is removed. +. A change to use $auth1, $auth2, and $auth3 in authenticators instead of $1, + $2, $3, (though those are still set) because the numeric variables get used + for other things in complicated expansions. -PH/02 A new expansion item for dynamically loading and calling a locally- - written C function is now provided, if Exim is compiled with +. The default for rfc1413_query_timeout has been changed from 30s to 5s. - EXPAND_DLFUNC=yes +. It is possible to use setclassresources() on some BSD OS to control the + resources used in pipe deliveries. - set in Local/Makefile. The facility is not included by default (a - suitable error is given if you try to use it when it is not there.) +. A new ACL modifier called add_header, which can be used with any verb. - If you enable EXPAND_DLFUNC, you should also be aware of the new redirect - router option forbid_filter_dlfunc. If you have unprivileged users on - your system who are permitted to create filter files, you might want to - set forbid_filter_dlfunc=true in the appropriate router, to stop them - using ${dlfunc to run code within Exim. +. More errors are detectable in retry rules. - You load and call an external function like this: - - ${dlfunc{/some/file}{function}{arg1}{arg2}...} - - Once loaded, Exim remembers the dynamically loaded object so that it - doesn't reload the same object file in the same Exim process (but of - course Exim does start new processes frequently). - - There may be from zero to eight arguments to the function. When compiling - a local function that is to be called in this way, local_scan.h should be - included. The Exim variables and functions that are defined by that API - are also available for dynamically loaded functions. The function itself - must have the following type: - - int dlfunction(uschar **yield, int argc, uschar *argv[]) - - Where "uschar" is a typedef for "unsigned char" in local_scan.h. The - function should return one of the following values: - - OK Success. The string that is placed in "yield" is put into - the expanded string that is being built. - - FAIL A non-forced expansion failure occurs, with the error - message taken from "yield", if it is set. - - FAIL_FORCED A forced expansion failure occurs, with the error message - taken from "yield" if it is set. - - ERROR Same as FAIL, except that a panic log entry is written. - - When compiling a function that is to be used in this way with gcc, - you need to add -shared to the gcc command. Also, in the Exim build-time - configuration, you must add -export-dynamic to EXTRALIBS. - -TF/01 $received_time is a new expansion variable containing the time and date - as a number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch when the - current message was received. - -PH/03 There is a new value for RADIUS_LIB_TYPE that can be set in - Local/Makefile. It is RADIUSCLIENTNEW, and it requests that the new API, - in use from radiusclient 0.4.0 onwards, be used. It does not appear to be - possible to detect the different versions automatically. - -PH/04 There is a new option called acl_not_smtp_mime that allows you to scan - MIME parts in non-SMTP messages. It operates in exactly the same way as - acl_smtp_mime - -PH/05 It is now possible to redefine a macro within the configuration file. - The macro must have been previously defined within the configuration (or - an included file). A definition on the command line using the -D option - causes all definitions and redefinitions within the file to be ignored. - In other words, -D overrides any values that are set in the file. - Redefinition is specified by using '==' instead of '='. For example: - - MAC1 = initial value - ... - MAC1 == updated value - - Redefinition does not alter the order in which the macros are applied to - the subsequent lines of the configuration file. It is still the same - order in which the macros were originally defined. All that changes is - the macro's value. Redefinition makes it possible to accumulate values. - For example: - - MAC1 = initial value - ... - MAC1 == MAC1 and something added - - This can be helpful in situations where the configuration file is built - from a number of other files. - -PH/06 Macros may now be defined or redefined between router, transport, - authenticator, or ACL definitions, as well as in the main part of the - configuration. They may not, however, be changed within an individual - driver or ACL, or in the local_scan, retry, or rewrite sections of the - configuration. - -PH/07 $acl_verify_message is now set immediately after the failure of a - verification in an ACL, and so is available in subsequent modifiers. In - particular, the message can be preserved by coding like this: +There are a number of other additions too. - warn !verify = sender - set acl_m0 = $acl_verify_message - Previously, $acl_verify_message was set only while expanding "message" - and "log_message" when a very denied access. - -PH/08 The redirect router has two new options, sieve_useraddress and - sieve_subaddress. These are passed to a Sieve filter to specify the :user - and :subaddress parts of an address. Both options are unset by default. - However, when a Sieve filter is run, if sieve_useraddress is unset, the - entire original local part (including any prefix or suffix) is used for - :user. An unset subaddress is treated as an empty subaddress. - -PH/09 Quota values can be followed by G as well as K and M. - -PH/10 $message_linecount is a new variable that contains the total number of - lines in the header and body of the message. Compare $body_linecount, - which is the count for the body only. During the DATA and - content-scanning ACLs, $message_linecount contains the number of lines - received. Before delivery happens (that is, before filters, routers, and - transports run) the count is increased to include the Received: header - line that Exim standardly adds, and also any other header lines that are - added by ACLs. The blank line that separates the message header from the - body is not counted. Here is an example of the use of this variable in a - DATA ACL: - - deny message = Too many lines in message header - condition = \ - ${if <{250}{${eval: $message_linecount - $body_linecount}}} - - In the MAIL and RCPT ACLs, the value is zero because at that stage the - message has not yet been received. - -PH/11 In a ${run expansion, the variable $value (which contains the standard - output) is now also usable in the "else" string. - -PH/12 In a pipe transport, although a timeout while waiting for the pipe - process to complete was treated as a delivery failure, a timeout while - writing the message to the pipe was logged, but erroneously treated as a - successful delivery. Such timeouts include transport filter timeouts. For - consistency with the overall process timeout, these timeouts are now - treated as errors, giving rise to delivery failures by default. However, - there is now a new Boolean option for the pipe transport called - timeout_defer, which, if set TRUE, converts the failures into defers for - both kinds of timeout. A transport filter timeout is now identified in - the log output. - - -Version 4.50 +Version 4.60 ------------ -The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.50 release. +The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.60 release. Major new features since +the 4.50 release are: + +. Support for SQLite. + +. Support for IGNOREQUOTA in LMTP. + +. Extensions to the "submission mode" features. + +. Support for Client SMTP Authorization (CSA). + +. Support for ratelimiting hosts and users. + +. New expansion items to help with the BATV "prvs" scheme. + +. A "match_ip" condition, that matches an IP address against a list. + +There are many more minor changes. ****